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Principles of Disease > Drug Absorption > Flashcards

Drug Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 jobs of a doctor?

A

Curing patients
Harming patients
Hospitalization
Death

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2
Q

What is pharmaceutical process?

A

Getting the drug into the patient.

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3
Q

What is the pharmacokinetic process?

A

Getting the drug to the site of action.

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4
Q

What is the pharmacodynamic process?

A

Producing the correct pharmacological effect.

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5
Q

What is the therapeutic process?

A

Producing the correct therapeutic effect.

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6
Q

What are the 4 basic factors that determine drug pharmacokinetics? ADME

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

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7
Q

What 5 things does ADME help us understand?

A 
Dosage
Drug administration
Drug handling
Patient variability 
Potential for harm
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8
Q

Define absorption.

A

The process of movement of unchanged drug from the site of administration to the systemic circulation.

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9
Q

What is there always a correlation between plasma concentration and?

A

Therapeutic Response

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10
Q

What are the 2 important issues of oral absorption?

A

Amount of drug which enters the systemic circulation.

Speed at which this happens.

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11
Q

The more rapid the rate of absorption, the ______ the drug concentration peak.

A

Earlier

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12
Q

Increasing dose does/does not affect the time at which peak concentration is reached but does/ does not increase the peak concentration.

A

Does not

Does

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13
Q

The area under the drug concentration-time curve represents the amount of drug which reaches the ______ circulation.

A

Systemic

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14
Q

What is therapeutic range?

A

The range of concentrations a drug is active at.

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15
Q

What happens if the concentration of drug is greater than the therapeutic range?

A

Toxicity

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16
Q

What happens if the concentration of drug is lower than the therapeutic range?

A

Insufficient or no pharmacological action.

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17
Q

What is the therapeutic index?

A

Measure of the range at which a drug is safe and active.

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18
Q

What does AUC allow to be measured?

A

Estimate the amount of drug which reaches the circulation and which is available for action.

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19
Q

A drug given intravenously has ___% bioavailability.

A

100

20
Q

What are the 4 factors affecting bioavailability?

A

Formulation
Ability to pass physiological barriers
GI effects
First pass metabolism

21
Q

What are the different types of physiological barriers?

A

Passive diffusion
Filtration
Bulk flow
Active transport

22
Q

Are drugs mainly strong or weak acids/bases?

A

Weak

23
Q

Does ionised or unionised drug pass through the membrane?

A

Unionised

24
Q

An acidic drug will be more concentrated in the compartment with high pH. What is this called?

A

Ion trapping

25
Q

The relationship between the local pH and the degree of ionisation is described by?

A

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

26
Q

Where SHOULD aspirin be more easily absorbed?

A

The stomach

27
Q

Where is aspirin more easily absorbed and why?

A

Small intestine due to the available gut surface.

28
Q

What 2 things must a drug be to pass across a lipid layer?

A

In solution

Lipid soluble

29
Q

What is the lipid-water partition coefficient?

A

Ratio of the amount of a drug which dissolves in the lipid and water phase when they are in contact.

30
Q

A drug that is highly lipid soluble will diffuse slowly/rapidly across a cell membrane.

A

Rapidly

31
Q 
Which of these are true:
Passive diffusion:
Is common
Occurs along conc. gradient
Selective
Saturable
Requires energy
No carrier
A

Common
Occurs along concentration gradient
No carrier

32
Q 
Which of these are true:
Active absorption:
Is common
Occurs against concentration gradient
Requires carrier
Doesn't require energy
Not specific
Saturable
A

Occurs against concentration gradient
Requires carrier
Saturable

33
Q

What 4 elements are associated with active absorption?

A

Iron
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium

34
Q

What must drugs resemble to undergo active transport?

A

Naturally occurring compounds.

35
Q 
Which of these are true:
Facilitated diffusion:
Occurs against the concentration gradient
Requires carriers
Saturable
Not specific
No energy required
A

Requires carriers
Saturable
No energy required

36
Q

What size and weight must molecules be to undergo filtration?

A

Smaller than the diameter of the pore with a molecular weight of 100 or less.

37
Q

What drives filtration?

A

Hydrostatic/Osmotic pressure

38
Q

What are the 3 GI factors?

A

Motility
Food
Illness

39
Q

What is first pass metabolism?

A

Metabolism of drug prior to reaching systemic circulation.

40
Q

Where are 3 examples of places where first pass metabolism occurs?

A

Gut lumen
Gut wall
Liver

41
Q

What can intramuscular routes change?

A

Rate of absorption with different physical properties of formulation.

42
Q

What does intramuscular route avoid?

A

First pass metabolism

43
Q

How do sublingual/buccal drugs get given?

A

Straight into the circulation.

44
Q

Why are rectum drugs often given?

A

To stop irritation of stomach.

45
Q

What type of process is best for volatile agents?

A

Inhalation/nasal

46
Q

What do transdermal drugs need to be?

A

Non-irritant.

47
Q

What are the 5 considerations for mode of administration?

A 
Site of drug
Disease affects
Patients ability
Speed of action
Reliability of absorption

Principles of Disease (42 decks)

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