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Microbiology > Tuberculosis > Flashcards

Tuberculosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the causative organisms for Tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MDR-TB and XDR-TB

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2
Q

What form of Tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Bacterial, gram variable

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3
Q

What is the most common modes of transmission for Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)?

A

Vehicle airborne

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors for Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)?

A

Lipids in wall, ability to stimulate strong cell-mediated immunity (CMI)

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5
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)?

A

Culture, PCR test (Xpert), IGRA, complemented by skin test and chest X ray

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6
Q

How do you prevent Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)?

A

Avoiding airborne M. tuberculosis; BCG vaccine in other countries

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7
Q

How do you treat Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)?

A

Isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide + ethambutol or streptomycin for varying lengths of time (always lengthy)

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8
Q

What are the distinctive features for Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)?

A

Remains airborne for long periods; extremely slow-growing, which has implications for diagnosis and treatment

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9
Q

What are the epidemiological features for Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)?

A

United States: approximately 10,000 cases/year, 16% of cases Whites, 84% ethnic minorities; internationally: 1.3 million deaths in 2017

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10
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB)?

A

Vehicle (airborne)

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11
Q

What are the virulence factors for Tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB)?

A

Lipids in wall, ability to stimulate strong cell-mediated immunity (CMI)

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12
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB)?

A

Culture, PCR test (Xpert), IGRA, complemented by skin test and chest X ray

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13
Q

How do you prevent Tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB)?

A

Avoiding airborne M. tuberculosis; BCG vaccine in other countries

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14
Q

How do you treat Tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB)?

A

Multiple-drug regimen, which may include bedaquiline; and delamanid; in Serious Threat category in CDC Antibotic Resistance Report

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15
Q

What are the distinctive features of Tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB)?

A

Much higher fatality rates over shorter duration

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16
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB)?

A

United States: a few cases per year; worldwide: 460,000 new infections with MDR-TB in 2017

Microbiology (47 decks)

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