Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Meningitis > Flashcards

Meningitis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What form of meningitis is Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Bacteria, gram-negative diplococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common modes of transmission for Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Droplet contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the virulence factors for Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Capsule, endotoxin, IgA protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is Neisseria meningitidis culture and diagnosed?

A

Gram stain/culture of CSF, blood, rapid antigenic tests, oxidase test, PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you prevent being infected by Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Conjugated vaccine;

ciprofloxacin. rifampin, ceftriaxone used to protect contacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment method for Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Ceftriaxone

penicillinn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the distinctive features of Neisseria meningitids?

A

Petechiae
Meningococcemia
Rapid decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

United States: 14% of bacterial meningitis;

Meningitis belt: 1,000 cases per 100,000 annually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What form of meningitis is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Bacteria, gram-positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Droplet contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Capsule, induction of apoptosis, hemolysin and hydrogen peroxide production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is Streptococcus pneumoniae culture/diagnosed?

A

Gram stain/culture of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you prevent infection from Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Two vaccines:
Prevnar (children and adults)
Pneumovax (adults)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you treat Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Vancomycin + ceftriaxone or cefotaxime;

resistant S. pneumoniae is categorized by the CDC as a Serious Threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the distinctive factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Serious, acute, most common meningitis in adults

without Petchiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in United States (58% of cases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What form of meningitis is Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Bacterial, gram-negative coccobacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Droplet contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the virulence factors of Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is Haemophilus influenzae cultured/diagnosed?

A

Culture on a chocolate agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you prevent being infected by Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Hib vaccine, cirprofloxacin, rifampin, or ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you treat Haemophilus influenzae infection?

A

Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the distinctive features of Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Serious, acute, less common since vaccine became available

24
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Hia now becoming common in North America; before Hib vaccine, 300,000-400,000 deaths worldwide per year from b serotype

25
Q

What form of meningitis is Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Bacterial, gram-positive

bacillus to long filament

26
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Vehicle (food)

27
Q

What are the virulence factors for Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Intracellular growth

28
Q

How do you culture/diagosis Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Cold enrichment, rapid methods

29
Q

How do you prevent being infected by Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Cooking food, avoiding unpasteurized dairy products

30
Q

How do you treat Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Ampicillin + gentamicin

31
Q

What are the distinctive features of Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Asymptomatic in healthy adults; meningitis in neonates, elderly, and immunocompromised

32
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Listeria monocytogenes??

A

Mortality as high as 33% in symptomatic cases

33
Q

What form of meningitis is Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Fungus

34
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Vehicle (air, dust)

35
Q

What are the virulence factors of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Capsule, melanin production

36
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Negative staining, biochemical tests, DNA probes, cryptococcal antigen test

37
Q

How do you prevent infection by Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

No prevent

38
Q

How do you treat Cryptococcus neoformans infection?

A

Amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by fluconazole

39
Q

What are the distinctive features of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Acute or chronic, most common in AIDS patients

40
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

In United States, mainly a concern for HIV+ patients. 90% drop in incidence in the 1990s due to better management of AIDS; worldwide: 1 million new cases per year

41
Q

What form of meningitis is Coccidiodies?

A

Fungus

42
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Coccidiodies?

A

Vehicle (air, dust, soil)

43
Q

What are the virulence factors for Coccidiodies?

A

Granuloma (spherule) formation

44
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Coccidiodies?

A

Identification of spherules, cultivation on Sabouraud’s agar

45
Q

How do you prevent infection by Coccidiodies?

A

Avoiding airborne endospores

46
Q

How do you treat Coccidiodies?

A

Fluconazole or ampthotericin B

47
Q

What are the distinctive factors of Coccidiodies?

A

Almost exclusively in endemic regions

48
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Coccidiodies?

A

Incidence in endemic areas: 200-300 annually

49
Q

What form of meningitis viruses?

A

Viral

50
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Viruses?

A

Droplet contact

51
Q

What are the virulence factors of Viruses?

A

Lytic infection of host cells

52
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Viruses meningitis?

A

Initially, absence of bacteria/fungi/protozoa, followed by viral culture or antigen tests

53
Q

How do you prevent from being infected by Viruses?

A

No prevention

54
Q

How do you treat viruses that cause meningitis?

A

Usually none (unless specific viruses identified and specific antiviral exits)

55
Q

What are the distinctive features of Viruses (meningitis)?

A

Generally milder than bacterial or fungal

56
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Viruses (meningitis)?

A

In the United States, 4 of 5 meningitis cases caused by viruses; 26,000-42,000 hospitalizations/year

Microbiology (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions