Neonatal and Infant Meningitis Flashcards
What form of neonatal and infant meningitis is Streptococcus agalactiae?
Bacterial, gram positive
What are the most common modes of transmission for Streptococcus agalactiae?
Vertical (during birth)
What are the virulence factors for Streptococcus agalactiae?
Capsule
How do you culture/diagnose Streptococcus agalactiae?
Culture mother’s genital tract on blood agar; CSF culture of neonate
How do you prevent Streptococcus agalactiae infection?
Culture and treatment of mother
How do you treat Streptococcus agalactiae infection?
Penicillin G plus amingolycosides
What are the distinctive features of Streptococcus agalactiae?
Most common; positive culture of mother confirms diagnosis
What are the epidemiological features of Streptococcus agalactiae?
Before intrapartum antibiotics introduced in 1996; 1.8 cases per 1,000 live births; after intrapartum antibiotics: 0.32 case per 1,000 live births
What form of neonatal and infant meningitis is Escherichia coli, strain K1?
Bacterial, gram-negative
What are the most common modes of transmission for Escherichia coli, strain K1?
Vertical (during birth)
What are the virulence factors for Escherichia coli, strain K1?
–
How do you culture/diagnose Escherichia coli, strain K1?
CSF Gram stain/ culture
How do you prevent Escherichia coli, strain K1 infection?
How do you treat Escherichia coli, strain K1 infection?
Ceftazidime or cefepime +/- gentamicin
What are the distinctive features of Escherichia coli, strain K1?
Suspected if infant is premature
What are the epidemiological features of Escherichia coli, strain K1?
Estimated at 0.2-5 per 1,000 live births; 20% of pregnant women colonized
What form of neonatal and infant meningitis is Listeria monocytogenes?
Bacterial, gram-positive
What are the most common modes of transmission for Listeria monocytogenes?
Vertical
What are the virulence factors for Listeria monocytogenes?
Intracellular growth
How do you culture/diagnose Listeria monocytogenes?
Cold enrichment, rapid methods
How do you prevent Listeria monocytogenes infection?
Cooking food, avoiding unpasteurized dairy products
How do you treat Listeria monocytogenes infection?
Ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
What are the distictive factors for Listeria monocytogenes?
None
What are the epidemiological factors for Listeria monocytogenes?
Mortality as high as 33% in symptomatic cases
What form of neonatal and infant meningitis is Cronobacter sakazakii?
Bacteria, gram-negative
What are the most common modes of transmission for Cronobacter sakazakii?
Vehicle (baby formula)
What are the virulence factors for Cronobacter sakazakii?
Ability to survive dry conditions
How do you culture/diagnose Cronobacter sakazakii?
Chromogenic differential agar or rapid detection kits
How do you prevent Cronobacter sakazakii infection?
Safe preparation and use of, or avoidance of, powdered formul
How do you treat Cronobacter sakazakii infection?
Begin with broad-spectrum drugs until susceptibilities determined
What are the distinctive features of Cronobacter sakazakii?
What are the epidemiological features of Cronobacter sakazakii?
Rare (a handful of documented cases in the United States annually) but deadly
