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Microbiology > Chronic Diarrhea > Flashcards

Chronic Diarrhea Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the causative organisms of Chronic Diarrhea?

A

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Cyclospora cayetanensis, Giardia lambia, Enatmoeba histolytica?

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2
Q

What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Enteroaggregative E. coli?

A

Bacterial, gram-negative

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3
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

A

Vehicle (food, water), fecal-oral

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

A

?

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5
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

A

Difficult to distinguish from other E. coli

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6
Q

How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

A

?

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7
Q

How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

A

Rehydration, or ciprofloxacin

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8
Q

Is fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

A

No

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9
Q

Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

A

Sometimes, mucus also

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10
Q

What the distinctive features of Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

A

Chronic in the malnourished

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11
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

A

Developing countries: 87% of chronic diarrhea in children > 2 years old

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12
Q

What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Cyclospora cayetanesis?

A

Parasite

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13
Q

What are the most common modes of Transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

A

Fecal-oral, vehicle

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14
Q

What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

A

Invasiveness

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15
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

A

Stool examination, PCR

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16
Q

How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

A

Washing, cooking food, personal hygiene

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17
Q

How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

A

TMP-SMZ

18
Q

Is fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

A

Usually

19
Q

Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

A

No

20
Q

What are the distinctive features for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

A
21
Q

What are the epidemiological features for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

A

United States: estimated 16,000 cases per year; internationally: endemic in 27 countries, mostly tropical

22
Q

What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Giardia lambia?

A

Parasite

23
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

A

Vehicle, fecal-oral, direct and indirect contact

24
Q

What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

A

Attachment to intestines alters mucosa

25
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

A

Stool examination, ELISA

26
Q

How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

A

Water hygiene, personal hygiene

27
Q

How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

A

Timidazole, nitazoxanide

28
Q

Is fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

A

Not usually

29
Q

Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

A

No, mucus present (greasy and foul smelling)

30
Q

What are the distinctive features of Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

A

Frequently occurs in backpackers, campers

31
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

A

United States: estimated 1.2 million cases per year; internationally: prevalence rates from 2% to 5% in industrialized world

32
Q

What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Parasite

33
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

A

Vehicle, fecal-oral

34
Q

What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

A

Lytic enzymes, induction of apoptosis, invasiveness

35
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

A

PCR, stool examination, ELISA, serology

36
Q

How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

A

Water hygiene, personal hygiene

37
Q

How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

A

Metronidazole or chloroquine

38
Q

Is there a fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

A

Yes

39
Q

Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

A

Yes

40
Q

What are the distinctive features of Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

A
41
Q

What are the epidemiological features for Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

A

Internationally: 40,000 to 100,000 deaths annually

Microbiology (47 decks)

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