Chronic Diarrhea Flashcards
What are the causative organisms of Chronic Diarrhea?
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Cyclospora cayetanensis, Giardia lambia, Enatmoeba histolytica?
What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Enteroaggregative E. coli?
Bacterial, gram-negative
What are the most common modes of transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?
Vehicle (food, water), fecal-oral
What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?
?
How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?
Difficult to distinguish from other E. coli
How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?
?
How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?
Rehydration, or ciprofloxacin
Is fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?
No
Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?
Sometimes, mucus also
What the distinctive features of Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?
Chronic in the malnourished
What are the epidemiological features of Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?
Developing countries: 87% of chronic diarrhea in children > 2 years old
What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Cyclospora cayetanesis?
Parasite
What are the most common modes of Transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?
Fecal-oral, vehicle
What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?
Invasiveness
How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?
Stool examination, PCR
How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?
Washing, cooking food, personal hygiene
How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?
TMP-SMZ
Is fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?
Usually
Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?
No
What are the distinctive features for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?
What are the epidemiological features for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?
United States: estimated 16,000 cases per year; internationally: endemic in 27 countries, mostly tropical
What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Giardia lambia?
Parasite
What are the most common modes of transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?
Vehicle, fecal-oral, direct and indirect contact
What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?
Attachment to intestines alters mucosa
How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?
Stool examination, ELISA
How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?
Water hygiene, personal hygiene
How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?
Timidazole, nitazoxanide
Is fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?
Not usually
Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?
No, mucus present (greasy and foul smelling)
What are the distinctive features of Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?
Frequently occurs in backpackers, campers
What are the epidemiological features of Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?
United States: estimated 1.2 million cases per year; internationally: prevalence rates from 2% to 5% in industrialized world
What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Entamoeba histolytica?
Parasite
What are the most common modes of transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?
Vehicle, fecal-oral
What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?
Lytic enzymes, induction of apoptosis, invasiveness
How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?
PCR, stool examination, ELISA, serology
How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?
Water hygiene, personal hygiene
How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?
Metronidazole or chloroquine
Is there a fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?
Yes
Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?
Yes
What are the distinctive features of Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?
What are the epidemiological features for Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?
Internationally: 40,000 to 100,000 deaths annually