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Microbiology > Nonhemorrhagic Fever Diseases > Flashcards

Nonhemorrhagic Fever Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are are the eight Nonhemorrhagic Fever Diseases?

A

Brucellosis, Q Fever, Cat-Scratch Disease, Trench Fever, Ehrlinchiosis, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, and Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis

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2
Q

What is the causative organism(s) of Brucellosis?

A

Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis

All are bacterial, gram-negative

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3
Q

What are the most common modes of Transmission for Brucellosis?

A

Direct contact, airborne, parenteral (needlesticks)

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors for Brucellosis?

A

Intracellular growth; avoidance of destruction by phagocytes

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5
Q

How do you culture Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

Gram stain of biopsy material; PCR

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6
Q

How do you prevent Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

Animal control, pasteurization of milk

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7
Q

How do you treat Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

Doxycycline plus gentamicin or rifampin

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8
Q

What are the distinctive features of Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

Undulating fever, muscle aches

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9
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

United States: fewer than 100 cases per year; internationally, 500,000 cases per year

Category B Bioterrorism Agent

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10
Q

What are the causative organism(s) of Q Fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii (Bacterial, gram-negative)

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11
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Airborne, direct contact, food-borne

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12
Q

What are the virulence factors for Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Endospore-like structure

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13
Q

How do you cultivate/diagnose Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Serological tests for antibody; PCR

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14
Q

How do you prevent Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Vaccine for high-risk population

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15
Q

How do you treat Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine

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16
Q

What are the distinctive factors of Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Airborne route of transmission, variable disease presentation

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17
Q

What are epidemiological features of Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

One-third of cases occur in four states: Colorado, California, Texas, and Illinois

Category B Bioterrorism Agent

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18
Q

What are the causative organisms for Cat-Scratch Disease?

A

Bartonella henselae (Bacterial, gram-negative)

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19
Q

What are the common most form of transmission for Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Parenteral (cat scratch or bite)

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20
Q

What are the virulence factors for Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Endotoxin

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21
Q

How do you cultivate/diagnose Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Biopsy of lymph nodes plus Gram staining; ELISA (performed by CDC)

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22
Q

How do you prevent Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Clean wound sites

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23
Q

How do you treat Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Azithromycin or rifampin

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24
Q

What are the distinctive factors for Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

History of cat bite or scratch; fever not always present

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25
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Cat-Scratch Disease?

A

United States: estimated incidence is 9.3 cases per 100,000; internationally, seroprevalence from 0.6%-37% depending on cat population

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26
Q

What are the causative organisms of Trench Fever?

A

Bartonella quintana (Bacterial, gram-negative)

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27
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission for Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?

A

Biological vector (lice)

28
Q

What are the virulence factors for Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?

A

Endotoxin

29
Q

How do you cultivate/diagnose Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?

A

ELISA (performed by CDC)

30
Q

How do you prevent Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?

A

Avoid lice

31
Q

How do you treat Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?

A

Azithromycin +/- doxycycline

32
Q

What are the distinctive features of Trench fever (Bartonella quintana)?

A

Endocarditis common, 5-day fever

33
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?

A

Most infections asymptomatic; found on every continent except Antarctica

34
Q

What are the causative organisms for Ehrlichiosis?

A

Ehrlichia species (Bacteria, gram-negative)

35
Q

What is the most common modes of transmission for Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?

A

Biological vector (tick)

36
Q

What are the virulence factors for Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?

A

–

37
Q

How do you cultivate/diagnose Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?

A

PCR, indirect antibody test

38
Q

How do you prevent Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?

A

Avoid ticks

39
Q

How do you treat Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?

A

Doxycycline

40
Q

What are the distinctive features of Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?

A

Southeast, south central United States

41
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia)?

A

Great increase in incidence since mid-1990s

42
Q

What are the causative organisms for Anaplasmosis?

A

Anaplasma species (Bacterial, gram-negative)

43
Q

What are the common modes of transmission for Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?

A

Biological vector (tick)

44
Q

What are the virulence factors for Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?

A

–

45
Q

How do you cultivate/diagnose Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?

A

PCR, indirect antibody test

46
Q

How do you prevent Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?

A

Avoid ticks

47
Q

How do you treat Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?

A

Doxycycline

48
Q

What are the distinctive features of Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?

A

Upper Midwest and northeastern United States

49
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?

A

Great increase in incidence since mid-1990s

50
Q

What are the causative organisms of Babesiosis?

A

Babesia species (Prion)

51
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Babesiosis (Babesia species)?

A

Biological vector (tick)

52
Q

What are the virulence factors for Babesiosis (Babesia species)?

A

–

53
Q

How do you cultivate/diagnose Babesiosis (Babesia species)?

A

Blood smear

54
Q

How do you prevent Babesiosis (Babesia species)?

A

Avoid ticks

55
Q

How do you treat Babesiosis (Babesia species)?

A

Combination therapy with antibacterial + antiprotozoal

56
Q

What are the distinctive features of Babesiosis (Babesia species)?

A

Northeastern and upper midwestern United States

57
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Babesiosis (Babesia species)?

A
58
Q

What are the causative organisms of Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis?

A

Rickettsia species (Bacterial, gram-negative)

59
Q

What are the most common forms of transmission for Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?

A

Biological vector (tick)

60
Q

What are the virulence factors for Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?

A

Induces apoptosis in cells lining blood vessels

61
Q

How do you cultivate/diagnose Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?

A

Fluorescent; antibody, PCR

62
Q

How do you prevent Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?

A

Avoid ticks

63
Q

How do you treat Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?

A

Doxycycline

64
Q

What are the distinctive features of Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is most severe of the rickettsioses

65
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis?

A

Only in Americans; tenfold increase since 2000.

Microbiology (47 decks)

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