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Microbiology > Otitis Media > Flashcards

Otitis Media Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the causative organisms for Otitis Media?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Other bacteria/virus/ fungi

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2
Q

What form is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Bacterial, gram-positive

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3
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Endogenous (may follow upper respiratory tract infection by S. pneumoniae or other microorganisms)

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors for Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Capsule, hemolysin

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5
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Usually relies on clinical symptoms and failure to resolve within 72 hours

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6
Q

How do you prevent Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)

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7
Q

How do you treat Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Wait for resolution; if needed, amoxicillin (high rates of resistance) or amoxicillin + clavulanate or cefuroxime; antibiotic usage recommended for babies less than 6 months old

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8
Q

What are the distinctive features of Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A
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9
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

30% of cases in the United States

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10
Q

What form of organism is Haemphilus influenzae?

A

Bacterial, gram-negative

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11
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?

A

Endogenous (follows upper respiratory tract infection)

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12
Q

What are the virulence factors for Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?

A

Capsule, fimbriae

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13
Q

How do you diagnose/culture Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?

A

Usually relies on clinical symptoms and failure to resolve within 72 hours

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14
Q

How do you prevent Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?

A

Hib vaccine (only effective for one subtype)

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15
Q

How do you treat Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?

A

Wait for resolution; if needed, amoxicillin (high rates of resistance) or amoxicillin + clavulanate or cefuroxime; antibiotic usage is recommended for babies less than 6 months old.

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16
Q

What are the distinctive features of Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?

A
17
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?

A

Also 30% of cases in United States

18
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?

A

Endogenous

19
Q

What are the virulence factors for Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?

A
20
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?

A

Usually relies on clinical symptoms and failure to resolve within 72 hours

21
Q

How do you prevent Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?

A

None

22
Q

How do you treat Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?

A

Wait for resolution; if needed, a broad-spectrum antibiotic (azithromycin) might be used in absence of etiologic diagnosis

23
Q

What are the distinctive features of Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?

A

Suspect if fully vaccinated against the other two

24
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?

A

Microbiology (47 decks)

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