Otitis Media Flashcards
What are the causative organisms for Otitis Media?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Other bacteria/virus/ fungi
What form is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Bacterial, gram-positive
What are the most common modes of transmission for Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Endogenous (may follow upper respiratory tract infection by S. pneumoniae or other microorganisms)
What are the virulence factors for Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Capsule, hemolysin
How do you culture/diagnose Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Usually relies on clinical symptoms and failure to resolve within 72 hours
How do you prevent Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)
How do you treat Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Wait for resolution; if needed, amoxicillin (high rates of resistance) or amoxicillin + clavulanate or cefuroxime; antibiotic usage recommended for babies less than 6 months old
What are the distinctive features of Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
What are the epidemiological features of Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
30% of cases in the United States
What form of organism is Haemphilus influenzae?
Bacterial, gram-negative
What are the most common modes of transmission for Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?
Endogenous (follows upper respiratory tract infection)
What are the virulence factors for Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?
Capsule, fimbriae
How do you diagnose/culture Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?
Usually relies on clinical symptoms and failure to resolve within 72 hours
How do you prevent Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?
Hib vaccine (only effective for one subtype)
How do you treat Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?
Wait for resolution; if needed, amoxicillin (high rates of resistance) or amoxicillin + clavulanate or cefuroxime; antibiotic usage is recommended for babies less than 6 months old.
What are the distinctive features of Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?
What are the epidemiological features of Otitis Media caused by Hemophilus influenzae?
Also 30% of cases in United States
What are the most common modes of transmission for Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?
Endogenous
What are the virulence factors for Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?
How do you culture/diagnose Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?
Usually relies on clinical symptoms and failure to resolve within 72 hours
How do you prevent Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?
None
How do you treat Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?
Wait for resolution; if needed, a broad-spectrum antibiotic (azithromycin) might be used in absence of etiologic diagnosis
What are the distinctive features of Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?
Suspect if fully vaccinated against the other two
What are the epidemiological features of Otitis Media caused by Other bacteria/viruses/fungi?
