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Microbiology > Community-Acquired Pneumonia > Flashcards

Community-Acquired Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causative organisms for Community-Acquired Pneumonia?

A

Rhinoviruses, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella species, Histoplasma capsulatum, Pneumocystis jirovecii.

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2
Q

What form of Community-Acquired Pneumonia is Rhinoviruses?

A

Virus

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3
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Rhinoviruses)?

A

Droplet contact or endogenous transfer

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4
Q

What was the virulence factors for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Rhinoviruses)?

A

–

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5
Q

How do you culture/diagnose for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Rhinoviruses)?

A

Failure to find bacteria or fungi

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6
Q

How do you prevent Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Rhinoviruses)?

A

Hygiene

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7
Q

How do you treat Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Rhinoviruses)?

A

None

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8
Q

What are the distinctive features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Rhinoviruses)?

A

Usually mild

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9
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Rhinoviruses)?

A

9% of CAP cases

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10
Q

What form of Community-Acquired Pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Bacterial, gram-positive

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11
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)?

A

Droplet contact or endogenous transfer

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12
Q

What are the virulence factor for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)?

A

Capsule

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13
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)?

A

Gram stain often diagnostic, alpha-hemolytic on blood agar

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14
Q

How do you prevent Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)?

A

PCV-13 or PPSV23 vaccine

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15
Q

How do you treat Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)?

A

Doxycycline, ceftriaxone, with or without vancomycin, much resistance

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16
Q

What are the distinctive features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)?

A

Patient usually severely ill

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17
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)?

A

5% of CAP cases; Drug-resistant strains in CDC Serious Threat category

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18
Q

What form of Community-Acquired Pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Bacteria

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19
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)?

A

Droplet contact

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20
Q

What are the virulence factors for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)?

21
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)?

A

Rule out other etiologic agents; serology; PCR

22
Q

How do you prevent Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)?

A

No vaccine, no permanent immunity

23
Q

How do you treat Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)?

A

Erythromycin

24
Q

What are distinctive features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)?

A

Usually mild; “walking pneumonia”

25
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)?

26
Q

What form of Community-Acquired Pneumonia is Legionella species?

A

Bacterial, gram-negative

27
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Legionella species)?

A

Vehicle (water droplets)

28
Q

What are the virulence factors for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Legionella species)?

29
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Legionella species)?

A

Urine antigen test; culture requires selective charcoal yeast extract agar

30
Q

How do you prevent Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Legionella species)?

31
Q

How do you treat Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Legionella species)?

A

Fluoroquinolone, azithromycin, clarithrromycin

32
Q

What are the distinctive features for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Legionella species)?

A

Mild pneumonias in healthy people; can be severe in elderly or immunocompromised

33
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Legionella species)?

A

United States: on the rise; 6,000 to 8,000 cases annually

34
Q

What form of Community-Acquired Pneumonia is Histoplasma capsulatum?

35
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Histoplasma capsulatum)?

A

Vehicle–inhalation of fungal spores in contaminated soil

36
Q

What are the virulence factors for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Histoplasma capsulatum)?

A

Survival in phagocytes

37
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Histoplasma capsulatum)?

A

Rapid antigen tests, microscopy

38
Q

How do you prevent Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Histoplasma capsulatum)?

A

Avoid soil contaminated with bird and bat droppings

39
Q

How do you treat Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Histoplasma capsulatum)?

A

Itrraconazole

40
Q

What are the distinctive features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Histoplasma capsulatum)?

A

Many infections asymptomatic

41
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Histoplasma capsulatum)?

A

In United States: 250,000 infected per year; 5% to 10% have symptoms

42
Q

What form of Community-Acquired Pneumonia is Pneumocystis jiroveci?

43
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii)?

A

Vehicle–inhalation of fungal spores

44
Q

What are the virulence factors for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii)?

45
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii)?

A

Microscopy

46
Q

How do you prevent Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii)?

A

Antibiotics given to AIDS patients to prevent this

47
Q

How do you treat Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii)?

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

48
Q

What are the distinctive features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii)?

A

Vast majority occur in AIDS patients

49
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii)?

A

Almost exclusively in severely immunocompromised patients

Microbiology (47 decks)

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