HIV Infection and AIDS

Question 1

What are the causative organisms for HIV Infection and AIDS?

Answer 1

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or 2 (Virus)

Question 2

What are the most common modes of transmission for HIV Infection and AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or 2)?

Answer 2

Direct contact (sexual), parenteral (blood-borne), vertical (perinatal and via breast milk)

Question 3

What are the virulence factors for HIV Infection and AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or 2)?

Answer 3

Attachment, syncytia formation, reverse transcriptase, high mutation rate

Question 4

How do you culture/diagnose HIV Infection and AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or 2)?

Answer 4

Immunoassay to detect antibodies as well as HIV antigen

Question 5

How do you prevent HIV Infection and AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or 2)?

Answer 5

Avoidance of contact with infected sex partner, contaminated blood, breast milk; pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP) for high-risk individuals

Question 6

How do you treat HIV Infection and AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or 2)?

Answer 6

Anti-retroviral regimen begun as early as possible

Question 7

What are the epidemiological features of HIV Infection and AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or 2)?

Answer 7

United States: HIV infection= 1.1 million; internationally, HIV infection = 37 million