Subacute Encephalitis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the causative organisms for Subacute Encephalitis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Prions, other conditions to consider

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2
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Vehicle (meat) or fecal-oral

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3
Q

What are the virulence factors for Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Intracellular growth

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4
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Toxoplasma gondii infection?

A

Serological detection of IgM, culture, histology

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5
Q

How do you prevent Toxoplasma gondii infection?

A

Pyrimethamine and/or leucovorin and/or sulfadiazine

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6
Q

What are the distinctive features of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Subacute, slower development of disease

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7
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Toxoplasma?

A

15%-29% of U.S. population is seropositive; internationally, seroprevalence is up to 90%; disease occurs in 3%-15% of AIDS patients; considered a neglected parasitic infection (NPI)

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8
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

A

Persistence of measles vius

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9
Q

What are the virulence factors of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

A

Cell fusion, evasion of immune system

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10
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Subacute sclerosing pancephalitis?

A

EEGs, MRI, serology (Ab versus measles virus)

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11
Q

How do you prevent Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis infection?

A

None

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12
Q

How do you treat Subacute sclerosing pancephaltiis?

A

None

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13
Q

What are the distinctive features of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

A

History of measles

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14
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Subacute sclerosing pancephalitis?

A

Research in 2016 suggests it is 6-14 times more common than previously realized

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15
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Prions?

A
CJD= direct/parenteral contact with infected tissue, or inherited
vCJD= vehicle (meat, parenteral)
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16
Q

What are the virulence factors for Prions?

A

Avoidance of host immune response

17
Q

How do you culture/diagnose Prions infection?

A

Biopsy, image of brain

18
Q

How do you prevent Prions infection?

A

Avoiding infected meat or instruments; no prevention for inherited form

19
Q

How do you treat Prions infection?

A

None

20
Q

What are the distinctive features of Prions?

A

Long incubation period; fast progression once it begins

21
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Prions?

A

CJD: 1 case per year per million worldwide; seen in older adults

vCJD: 98% of cases originated in United Kingdom

22
Q

What other conditions may display subacute encephalitis symptoms?

A

Rickettsial diseases (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) (chapter 20)

Lyme disease (chapter 20)

Bartonella or Anaplasma disease (chapter 20)

Tapeworm disease– Taenia solium (chapter 22)

Syphilis–Treponema pallidum (chapter 23)