Hemorrhagic Fevers

Question 1

What are all the disease that are Hemorrhagic Fevers?

Answer 1

Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Chikungunya, Ebola and/or Marburg, Lassa Fever

Question 2

What are the causative organisms of Yellow Fever?

Answer 2

Yellow Fever virus

Question 3

What are the most common modes of transmission for Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

Answer 3

Biological vector (Aedes mosquito)

Question 4

What are the virulence factors for Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

Answer 4

Disruption of clotting factors

Question 5

How do you culture/diagnose Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

Answer 5

ELISA, PCR

Question 6

How do you prevent Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

Answer 6

Live attenuated vaccine available

Question 7

How do you treat Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

Answer 7

Supportive

Question 8

What are the distinctive features for Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

Answer 8

Accompanied by jaundice

Question 9

What are the epidemiological features of Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?

Answer 9

United States: only sporadic cases in travelers; internationally, 200,000 cases annually, 30,000 deaths; 90% of cases in Africa

Question 10

What are the causative agents for Dengue Fever?

Answer 10

Dengue fever virus

Question 11

What are the common modes of transmission for Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

Answer 11

Biological vector (Aedes mosquito)

Question 12

What are the virulence factors for Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

Answer 12

Disruption of clotting factors

Question 13

How do you culture/diagnose Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

Answer 13

Rise in IgM titers

Question 14

How prevent Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

Question 15

How do you treat Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

Answer 15

Supportive

Question 16

What are the distinctive features for Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

Answer 16

“Breakbone fever”–so named due to to severe pain in some forms

Question 17

What are the epidemiological features of Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?

Answer 17

United States: only sporadic cases, small outbreaks. Most cases in Puerto Rico, the U.S., Virgin Islands, Samoa, and Guam; internationally, 50-300 million people, infected every year and tens of thousands of deaths occur, mostly among children.

Category A Bioterrorism Agent

Question 18

What are the causative agents of Chikungunya?

Answer 18

Chikungunya virus

Question 19

What are the most common modes of transmission for Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

Answer 19

Biological vector (Aedes mosquito)

Question 20

What are the virulence factors for Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

Answer 20

Disruption of clotting factors

Question 21

How do you culture/diagnose Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

Answer 21

PCR

Question 22

How do you prevent Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

Question 23

How do you treat Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

Answer 23

Supportive

Question 24

What are distinctive features of Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

Answer 24

Arthritic symptoms

Question 25

What are the epidemiological features of Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?

Answer 25

First local transmission in United States in 2014; has exploded in the Americas since its arrival in 2013 with an estimated 1.7 million suspected cases

Question 26

What are the causative organisms for Ebola and/or Marburg?

Answer 26

Ebolo virus, Marburg virus

Question 27

What the most common modes of transmission for Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

Answer 27

Direct contact, body fluids

Question 28

What are the virulence factors for Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

Answer 28

Disruption of clotting factors

Question 29

How do you culture/diagnose Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

Answer 29

PCR, viral culture (conducted at CDC)

Question 30

How do you prevent Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

Answer 30

New Ebola vaccine suitable for epidemic situations tested successfully in 2016

Question 31

How do you treat Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

Answer 31

Supportive

Question 32

What are the distinctive features of Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

Answer 32

Massive hemorrhage; rash sometimes present

Question 33

What are the epidemiological features of Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?

Answer 33

United States: only imported infections; internationally, sporadic outbreaks in Africa; major Ebola outbreak 2014-2016 Category A Bioterrorism Agent

Question 34

What are the causative agents for Lassa Fever?

Answer 34

Lassa fever virus

Question 35

What are the most common modes of transmission for Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

Answer 35

Droplet contact (aerosolized rodent excretions), direct contact with infected fluids

Question 36

What are the virulence factors for Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

Answer 36

Disruption of clotting factors

Question 37

How do you culture/diagnose Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

Answer 37

ELISA

Question 38

How do you prevent Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

Answer 38

Avoiding rats, safe food storage

Question 39

How do you treat Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

Answer 39

Ribavirin

Question 40

What are the distinctive features of Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

Answer 40

Chest pain, deafness as long-term sequelae

Question 41

What are the distinctive features of Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?

Answer 41

United States: no reported cases; internationally, estimated 100,000-300,0000 cases annually in West Africa; Category A Bioterrorism Agent