Hemorrhagic Fevers Flashcards
What are all the disease that are Hemorrhagic Fevers?
Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Chikungunya, Ebola and/or Marburg, Lassa Fever
What are the causative organisms of Yellow Fever?
Yellow Fever virus
What are the most common modes of transmission for Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?
Biological vector (Aedes mosquito)
What are the virulence factors for Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?
Disruption of clotting factors
How do you culture/diagnose Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?
ELISA, PCR
How do you prevent Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?
Live attenuated vaccine available
How do you treat Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?
Supportive
What are the distinctive features for Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?
Accompanied by jaundice
What are the epidemiological features of Yellow Fever (Yellow fever virus)?
United States: only sporadic cases in travelers; internationally, 200,000 cases annually, 30,000 deaths; 90% of cases in Africa
What are the causative agents for Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever virus
What are the common modes of transmission for Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?
Biological vector (Aedes mosquito)
What are the virulence factors for Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?
Disruption of clotting factors
How do you culture/diagnose Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?
Rise in IgM titers
How prevent Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?
How do you treat Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?
Supportive
What are the distinctive features for Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?
“Breakbone fever”–so named due to to severe pain in some forms
What are the epidemiological features of Dengue Fever (Dengue fever virus)?
United States: only sporadic cases, small outbreaks. Most cases in Puerto Rico, the U.S., Virgin Islands, Samoa, and Guam; internationally, 50-300 million people, infected every year and tens of thousands of deaths occur, mostly among children.
Category A Bioterrorism Agent
What are the causative agents of Chikungunya?
Chikungunya virus
What are the most common modes of transmission for Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?
Biological vector (Aedes mosquito)
What are the virulence factors for Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?
Disruption of clotting factors
How do you culture/diagnose Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?
PCR
How do you prevent Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?
How do you treat Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?
Supportive
What are distinctive features of Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?
Arthritic symptoms
What are the epidemiological features of Chikungunya (Chikungunya virus)?
First local transmission in United States in 2014; has exploded in the Americas since its arrival in 2013 with an estimated 1.7 million suspected cases
What are the causative organisms for Ebola and/or Marburg?
Ebolo virus, Marburg virus
What the most common modes of transmission for Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?
Direct contact, body fluids
What are the virulence factors for Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?
Disruption of clotting factors
How do you culture/diagnose Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?
PCR, viral culture (conducted at CDC)
How do you prevent Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?
New Ebola vaccine suitable for epidemic situations tested successfully in 2016
How do you treat Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?
Supportive
What are the distinctive features of Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?
Massive hemorrhage; rash sometimes present
What are the epidemiological features of Ebola (Ebola virus) and/or Marburg (Marburg virus)?
United States: only imported infections; internationally, sporadic outbreaks in Africa; major Ebola outbreak 2014-2016
Category A Bioterrorism Agent
What are the causative agents for Lassa Fever?
Lassa fever virus
What are the most common modes of transmission for Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?
Droplet contact (aerosolized rodent excretions), direct contact with infected fluids
What are the virulence factors for Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?
Disruption of clotting factors
How do you culture/diagnose Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?
ELISA
How do you prevent Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?
Avoiding rats, safe food storage
How do you treat Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?
Ribavirin
What are the distinctive features of Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?
Chest pain, deafness as long-term sequelae
What are the distinctive features of Lassa Fever (Lassa fever virus)?
United States: no reported cases; internationally, estimated 100,000-300,0000 cases annually in West Africa;
Category A Bioterrorism Agent
