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IMS > Transport across the Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Transport across the Cell Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central aspect of cell function?

A

The ability to move ions and organic molecules across membranes selectively

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2
Q

What are the 3 methods of moving things in/out PM?

A

Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport

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3
Q

How is the PM selectively permeable?

A

Allows controlled passenge of substances such as macromolecules and solutes

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4
Q

What is an example of macromolecules?

A

DNA, RNA, Protein

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5
Q

What is an example of solutes?

A

Ions, Metabolites, AA

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6
Q

What are transport molecules vital for?

A

Cell function

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7
Q

What is Simple diffusion?

A

Unaided movement of solute molecules through lipid bilayer from a high conc to a low conc

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8
Q

What kind of molecules move across PM?

A

Small non-polar molecules such as O2 and CO2

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9
Q

Where is O2 most in the body?

A

High in lungs and low in RBCs, released in body tissues

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10
Q

Why is Facilitated diffusion needed?

A

Large and Polar cells cant move across the membrane

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11
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Molecule attached to a transport protein to pass the lipid bilayer

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12
Q

What do Transport Proteins consist of?

A

Uncharged molecules that move against concentration gradient

Ions move against electrochemical gradient

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13
Q

What do Transport Proteins do?

A

Provide a path through hydrophobic lipid bilayer facilitating the diffusion

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14
Q

What is a Common example of when a transport protein is required for Facilitated diffusion?

A

Glucose movement across the Plasma membrane, and Glucose concentration is higher in blood then RBC

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15
Q

What are the 2 main types of transport proteins?

A

Channel
Carrier
transport in 2 different ways

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16
Q

What are Carrier proteins?

A

Facilitate traffic in either direction and bind one or more solute molecules on one side of PM then undergo comformational change

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17
Q

What are the 3 Categories of Carrier proteins?

A

Uniport
Symport
Antiport

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18
Q

Why are categories needed?

A

Based on number of solutes transport and direction of movement

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19
Q

What is Uniport?

A

1 solute moving

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20
Q

What is Symport?

A

2 solutes move simultaneously

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21
Q

What is Antiport?

A

2 solutes move in opposite directions

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22
Q

How is Glucose moved?

A

With Glu1 erythrocytes which is uniport and is an integral membrane protein

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23
Q

What is Glut2 found?

A

Adipose tissue

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24
Q

Where is Glut3 found?

A

Placenta and neuronal cells

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25
Where is Glut 4 found?
Adipose tissue
26
Where are other Glucose transporters located?
Liver and muscle
27
What are Channel proteins?
Form hydrophilic transmembrane channels and allow specific solute to pass the PM
28
What is the difference between Channel and Carrier proteins?
Carrier proteins change shape to pass PM channel protein doesnt
29
What are 3 types of Channel proteins?
Ion channels, Porins, Aquaporins
30
Where are Aquaporins found?
Proximal tubule of Kidneys
31
What are Ion channels?
Small pores lined with hydrophilic AA side chains that allow rapid passage of specific ions
32
What ions do Ion channels allow passage?
Na, K, Ca, Cl
33
What is a special feature of Ion channels?
Channels are gated, the pore opens in response to stimulus
34
What are the 3 types of Ion Gated channels?
Voltage gated Ligand gated Mechano-sensitive
35
What triggers Voltage gated channels?
Change in membrane potential
36
What triggers Ligand gated channels?
Binding to a specific molecule
37
What triggers Mechano-sensitive channels?
Mechanical forces
38
What do Ion channels play a vital role in?
Cellular communication via regulation of ions across membranes
39
What are examples of Ions cellular communication?
Transmission of electrical signals in nerve cells depend on rapid and controlled changed in movement of Na and K
40
What balance does Ion channels maintain?
Salt balance in cells e.g CFTR maintains conc in lung, defects lead to excessive mucus leads to cystic fibrosis
41
What is Active transport?
Movement of solutes against conc or electrochemical gradient
42
What energy does Active transport require?
ATP
43
What are 3 Major functions of Active transport?
Uptake of nutrients when conc is high Secretory products and waste removed Enables cell maintain intracellular conc
44
How are Membrane proteins involved in Active transport?
PUMPS
45
What directions do solutes move in active transport?
Unidirectional
46
What is the resultof Active transport?
Non-equilibrium steady
47
What is an example of a Pump used in active transport?
Na/K pump present on PM, helps maintain electrochemical ion gradient
48
What does Na/K pump activate?
ATPase as K pumped in and Na out
49
How are Large materials transported across PM?
Exocytosis and Endocytosis - unique to eukaryotic cells and involved in delivery, recycle, turnover of MP
50
What is Exocytosis?
Process by which contents of secretory granules are released to exterior of cells
51
How does Exocytosis work?
Vesicle fuse with PM in releasing process
52
What kind of substances are released via Exocytosis?
Peptides, Protein Hormones, Enzymes
53
What is Endocytosis?
Process of which external materials are internalised by cells
54
How does Endocytosis work?
Small segment of PM folds inward and pinches off to form an endocytic vesicle containing ingested substances
55
What is Endocytosis important in?
Ingestion of nutrients by some organisms | Defence against microorganisms by Leukocytes
56
What are the 2 types of Endocytosis?
Phagocytosis | Pinocytosis
57
What is Phagocytosis?
Large and solid particles are ingested by specialised cells called phagocyte
58
What is an Example of Phagocytes?
Macrophages Neutrophils engulf and ingest foreign material
59
What is Pinocytosis?
Cellular drinking - liquids contain soluble molecules are taken up
60
How does Pinocytosis work?
Nonspecific in substances that it transports Invagination into the cell Pinching off inside the cell to form coated vesicle
61
What are coated vesicles called?
Clathrin

IMS (53 decks)

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