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IMS > Transport across the Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Transport across the Cell Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central aspect of cell function?

A

The ability to move ions and organic molecules across membranes selectively

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2
Q

What are the 3 methods of moving things in/out PM?

A

Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport

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3
Q

How is the PM selectively permeable?

A

Allows controlled passenge of substances such as macromolecules and solutes

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4
Q

What is an example of macromolecules?

A

DNA, RNA, Protein

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5
Q

What is an example of solutes?

A

Ions, Metabolites, AA

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6
Q

What are transport molecules vital for?

A

Cell function

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7
Q

What is Simple diffusion?

A

Unaided movement of solute molecules through lipid bilayer from a high conc to a low conc

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8
Q

What kind of molecules move across PM?

A

Small non-polar molecules such as O2 and CO2

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9
Q

Where is O2 most in the body?

A

High in lungs and low in RBCs, released in body tissues

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10
Q

Why is Facilitated diffusion needed?

A

Large and Polar cells cant move across the membrane

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11
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Molecule attached to a transport protein to pass the lipid bilayer

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12
Q

What do Transport Proteins consist of?

A

Uncharged molecules that move against concentration gradient

Ions move against electrochemical gradient

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13
Q

What do Transport Proteins do?

A

Provide a path through hydrophobic lipid bilayer facilitating the diffusion

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14
Q

What is a Common example of when a transport protein is required for Facilitated diffusion?

A

Glucose movement across the Plasma membrane, and Glucose concentration is higher in blood then RBC

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15
Q

What are the 2 main types of transport proteins?

A

Channel
Carrier
transport in 2 different ways

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16
Q

What are Carrier proteins?

A

Facilitate traffic in either direction and bind one or more solute molecules on one side of PM then undergo comformational change

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17
Q

What are the 3 Categories of Carrier proteins?

A

Uniport
Symport
Antiport

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18
Q

Why are categories needed?

A

Based on number of solutes transport and direction of movement

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19
Q

What is Uniport?

A

1 solute moving

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20
Q

What is Symport?

A

2 solutes move simultaneously

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21
Q

What is Antiport?

A

2 solutes move in opposite directions

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22
Q

How is Glucose moved?

A

With Glu1 erythrocytes which is uniport and is an integral membrane protein

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23
Q

What is Glut2 found?

A

Adipose tissue

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24
Q

Where is Glut3 found?

A

Placenta and neuronal cells

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25
Q

Where is Glut 4 found?

A

Adipose tissue

26
Q

Where are other Glucose transporters located?

A

Liver and muscle

27
Q

What are Channel proteins?

A

Form hydrophilic transmembrane channels and allow specific solute to pass the PM

28
Q

What is the difference between Channel and Carrier proteins?

A

Carrier proteins change shape to pass PM channel protein doesnt

29
Q

What are 3 types of Channel proteins?

A

Ion channels, Porins, Aquaporins

30
Q

Where are Aquaporins found?

A

Proximal tubule of Kidneys

31
Q

What are Ion channels?

A

Small pores lined with hydrophilic AA side chains that allow rapid passage of specific ions

32
Q

What ions do Ion channels allow passage?

A

Na, K, Ca, Cl

33
Q

What is a special feature of Ion channels?

A

Channels are gated, the pore opens in response to stimulus

34
Q

What are the 3 types of Ion Gated channels?

A

Voltage gated
Ligand gated
Mechano-sensitive

35
Q

What triggers Voltage gated channels?

A

Change in membrane potential

36
Q

What triggers Ligand gated channels?

A

Binding to a specific molecule

37
Q

What triggers Mechano-sensitive channels?

A

Mechanical forces

38
Q

What do Ion channels play a vital role in?

A

Cellular communication via regulation of ions across membranes

39
Q

What are examples of Ions cellular communication?

A

Transmission of electrical signals in nerve cells depend on rapid and controlled changed in movement of Na and K

40
Q

What balance does Ion channels maintain?

A

Salt balance in cells e.g CFTR maintains conc in lung, defects lead to excessive mucus leads to cystic fibrosis

41
Q

What is Active transport?

A

Movement of solutes against conc or electrochemical gradient

42
Q

What energy does Active transport require?

A

ATP

43
Q

What are 3 Major functions of Active transport?

A

Uptake of nutrients when conc is high
Secretory products and waste removed
Enables cell maintain intracellular conc

44
Q

How are Membrane proteins involved in Active transport?

A

PUMPS

45
Q

What directions do solutes move in active transport?

A

Unidirectional

46
Q

What is the resultof Active transport?

A

Non-equilibrium steady

47
Q

What is an example of a Pump used in active transport?

A

Na/K pump present on PM, helps maintain electrochemical ion gradient

48
Q

What does Na/K pump activate?

A

ATPase as K pumped in and Na out

49
Q

How are Large materials transported across PM?

A

Exocytosis and Endocytosis - unique to eukaryotic cells and involved in delivery, recycle, turnover of MP

50
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

Process by which contents of secretory granules are released to exterior of cells

51
Q

How does Exocytosis work?

A

Vesicle fuse with PM in releasing process

52
Q

What kind of substances are released via Exocytosis?

A

Peptides, Protein Hormones, Enzymes

53
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

Process of which external materials are internalised by cells

54
Q

How does Endocytosis work?

A

Small segment of PM folds inward and pinches off to form an endocytic vesicle containing ingested substances

55
Q

What is Endocytosis important in?

A

Ingestion of nutrients by some organisms

Defence against microorganisms by Leukocytes

56
Q

What are the 2 types of Endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis

57
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

Large and solid particles are ingested by specialised cells called phagocyte

58
Q

What is an Example of Phagocytes?

A

Macrophages
Neutrophils
engulf and ingest foreign material

59
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

Cellular drinking - liquids contain soluble molecules are taken up

60
Q

How does Pinocytosis work?

A

Nonspecific in substances that it transports
Invagination into the cell
Pinching off inside the cell to form coated vesicle

61
Q

What are coated vesicles called?

A

Clathrin

IMS (53 decks)

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