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IMS > Secretion of Proteins > Flashcards

Secretion of Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What do protein coding genes in higher eukaryotes contain?

A

Introns

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2
Q

What do the the Introns that are transcribed form?

A

pre-mRNA

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3
Q

What is RNP?

A

Ribonucleoprotein

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4
Q

What are RNP complexes?

A

Spliceosomes

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5
Q

What do Spliceosomes do?

A

Remove the introns and ligate the exons together

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6
Q

What does the Spliceosomes form?

A

Mature mRNA

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7
Q

What happens with Splicing in PTM of mRNA?

A

Become mRNP

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8
Q

What addition is added at the 5’end to mRNP?

A

7-MeG

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9
Q

Where is the PolyA tail end? and what does it include?

A

3’ end and 100/300 adenosine ribonucleotides

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10
Q

What can selected mRNA also have, by editing?

A

Additional bases

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11
Q

What part of the mRNA sequence does the ribosome read?

A

The codons

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12
Q

How many codons in mRNA?

A

64 possible, 4 nucleotide bases

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13
Q

if mRNA have more than 1 codon what is this reffered to as?

A

Redundancy

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14
Q

What is the ORF?

A

Open reading frame - region between start and stop codons

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of secretion?

A

Constitutive and Regulated

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16
Q

What is constitutive secretion?

A

includes all cells and continual export substances e.g. ecm proteins

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17
Q

What is regulated secretion?

A

Specialised secretary cells e.g. pancreatic acinar cells

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18
Q

In regulated secretion where are substances stored for release to a response signal?

A

Secretory vesicles

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19
Q

What are the 2 pathways of localisation of proteins to organelles?

A

Direct pathway

secretory pathway

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20
Q

What is the direct pathway?

A

Proteins are moved from cytosol to mitochondria, nuclei and peroxisomes

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21
Q

What is the secretory pathway?

A

Proteins are moved from ER

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22
Q

What happens to proteins when moved to ER?

A

Moved to golgi then final destination

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23
Q

What happens in the ER?

A

Proteins are folded into correct 3D structures and assembled with other proteins into complexes

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24
Q

In the secretory pathway where does new mRNA go to?

A

Cytoplasm

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25
Q

what does mRNA on ribosomes translate to?

A

String of AA directed to lumen of ER for PTM

26
Q

Where to transport vesicles take proteins to?

A

Golgi Apparatus

27
Q

What happens to proteins that leave the cell?

A

Packaged in secretory vesicles

28
Q

What happens to proteins that remain in the cell?

A

Packed in lysosomes or storage vesicles

29
Q

What is the Exocrine component of Pancreatic cells?

A

Secretory acini and associated ducts

30
Q

What is the endocrine component of pancreatic cells and where are they located?

A

Islets of langerhans in tail of pancreas

31
Q

What do Islet of Langerhan cells secrete?

A

B-cell secrete insulin
A cells secrete glucagon
D cells secrete somatostatin

32
Q

Is there secretion in pancreatic acinar cells?

A

Unusual - mainly digestive enzymes synthesised

33
Q

What digestive enzymes secreted by pancreatic acinar cells?

A

Trypisinogen and chymotrypsinogen

34
Q

What are digestive enzymes secreted for?

A

Produced as inactive precursors e.g. trypsinogen to trypsin

35
Q

What are pancreatic inactive digestive enzymes referred to as?

A

Zymogen

36
Q

What do pancreatic acinar cells contain?

A

Large amounts of RER, Secretory granules and ordered cytoplasmic structures

37
Q

What is the 6 step process of secretion?

A 
Initiation of protein synthesis
sysnthesis segregate from cytosolic proteins
process proteins
package and condense
store in vesicles
release exocytosis
38
Q

What happens during initiation of protein synthesis?

A

Secretory proteins synthesised by ribosomes attached to E.R

39
Q

What happens in synthesis segregated from cytosolic proteins?

A

mRNA determines whether protein synthesis in RER or cytosol

40
Q

What do proteins code?

A

Secretion
plasma membrane
lysosomes

41
Q

What does recognition system contain?

A

A signal sequence in their mRNA

42
Q

what does signal recognition protein in cytoplasm bind to?

A

Ribosome when signal sequence made

43
Q

Why does protein synthesis stop?

A

So ribosome can attach to RER

44
Q

Where do secreted proteins cross into?

A

ER membrane into lumen

45
Q

What is removed in the lumen?

A

Signal peptide

46
Q

What are secretory process in P acinar cell localised by?

A

Radiolabelled AA

47
Q

What is the ER?

A

Highly convoluted single membrane with a lumen inside that is entry regulated

48
Q

What does the ER play a central role in biosynthesis of?

A

Transmembrane proteins e.g PM
Lipids e.g. mitochondria
Lumen proteins e.g lysosomes
Secreted proteins e.g. ecm

49
Q

What does protein processing involve?

A

Extensively process in ER and Golgi

50
Q

What does the addition of oligosaccharide molecules create?

A

Glycosylation forms glycoproteins

51
Q

what common protein is in the ER lumen?

A

Glycoproteins

52
Q

What type of proteins are not clygosylated?

A

Cytosolic

53
Q

What does the golgi consist of?

A

Series of flattened, membrane bound cisternae called golgi stacks

54
Q

Where is the golgi situated?

A

Near nucleus

55
Q

What does the GA show for a cell?

A

Polarity

56
Q

Where is the cis face of GA?

A

near er where transport vesicles bring the proteins

57
Q

What does the trans face face?

A

Cell membrane

58
Q

at GA where do transport vesicles from ER fuse to?

A

Protein to membranes of ga and contents to lumen of ga

59
Q

What process does ga complete?

A

Glycosylation

60
Q

What happens to secretory zymogen vesicles?

A

Budded from GA, stored in cytoplasm when needed then released by exocytosis

61
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Fusion of membrane bound vesicles with PM releasing contents outside cell

62
Q

What is exocytosis triggered by?

A

External signals such as hormones and neurotransmitters

IMS (53 decks)

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