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IMS > Endocrine Regulation of male and female reproduction > Flashcards

Endocrine Regulation of male and female reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is GnRH?

A

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone

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2
Q

How and What produces GnRH?

A

Produced in pulses by hypothalamus

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3
Q

What gland does GnRH diffuse to and what does it release?

A

Pituitary and releases gonadotropins

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4
Q

What hormones do gonadotropins consist of?

A

LH - leutinising hormone

FSH - follicle stimulating hormone

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5
Q

When are gonodotropin reserves replenished?

A

Between pulses of GnRH

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6
Q

What does overstimulation with GnRH lead to?

A

Gonadotropin depletion and defiency

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7
Q

What does understimulation with GnRH lead to?

A

Gonadotropin production and defiency

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8
Q

What cells does FSH act on?

A

Only sertoli cells

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9
Q

How does FSH work?

A

Produced ABP for transport of testosterone around blood

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10
Q

What is ABP?

A

Androgen binding protein

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11
Q

What cells does LH act on?

A

Leydig cells

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12
Q

How does LH work?

A

Leydig produce testosterone

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13
Q

What does testosterone act on?

A

Germ cells directly but bone, skin and hair

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14
Q

What is Testosterone converted to?

A

Dihydrotesterone DHT

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15
Q

What does DHT effect?

A

Prostate and oestradial

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16
Q

Why is DHT important?

A

Epiphysial closure - height and repro system - fertility

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17
Q

What is FSH negatively regulated by?

A

Inhibin at pituitary

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18
Q

What is FSH positively regulated by?

A

Activin and follistatin

19
Q

What is LH negatively regulated by?

A

Testosterone @ pituitary and hypothalamus

20
Q

What are the 4 phases of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular phase, ovulatory phase, luteal phase, menstruation

21
Q

How is the ovarian cycle regulated?

A

By gonadotrophin of LH and FSH at pulsatile release due to control of GnRH

22
Q

What are the 2 main steroid hormones in the ovarian cycle?

A

Oestrogen and progresterone

23
Q

What hormone acts on the primary and secondary follicles and what does it do?

A

FSH and causes follicular growth

24
Q

What does FSH due?

A

Promote oestradial secretion from follicle

25
Q

What hormones produced negative feedback on FSH?

A

Oestrogen (oestradial) and Inhibin

26
Q

What hormone decreases as oestrogen rises?

A

FSH

27
Q

Why is cell cycle arrested at phase II of metaphase?

A

Oocyte is fertilized

28
Q

What happens to oestradial on day 12?

A

Switches to positive feedback as LH rises from pituitary

29
Q

What happens to the tertiary follicle at luteal phase?

A

Collapses and gran cells leutines and invade endocrine structure

30
Q

What endocrine structure do gran cells luteinise?

A

Corpus luteum

31
Q

What does the Corpus luteum secrete?

A

Oestradial and progresterone

32
Q

What does the corpus luteum maintain?

A

Endometrium

33
Q

What does the corpus luteum supress?

A

LH and FSH

34
Q

What happens in the late luteal phase?

A

Corpus luteum involutes and Oestradial and progresterine fall, loss of negative feedback and menstruation occurs

35
Q

How does the corpus luteum involute?

A

Invaded by macrophages

36
Q

What hormone rises once menstruation occurs?

A

FSH

37
Q

If the ovum implants what does the uterus secrete?

A

Chrionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

38
Q

What does hCG do?

A

Maintains corpus luteum

39
Q

What effects does Oestrogen do?

A

Maintains bone mass, CNS, vasculature on both sexes, in females it effects fat distribution, promotes insulin, thrombosis and lipid metabolism

40
Q

What are the other roles of progesterone?

A

Causes body temp to rise, change to thick cervical mucus, down regulates oestrogen and negative feedback

41
Q

What can menopause do to a female in 40s 50s?

A

Mood changes, loss of libido and hot flushes

42
Q

How is menopause caused?

A

Decline in ovarian follicle numbers and reduced response to gonadotrophins and lpss of oestrogen

43
Q

What hormones increase with menopause?

A

LH, FSH

44
Q

What is there an increased risk of in menopause?

A

Reduce vaginal lubrication due to rise of PH, Vasomotor changes cause hot flushes, osteoporosis

IMS (53 decks)

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