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IMS > Skeletal Tissue > Flashcards

Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the Skeletal tissue?

A

Structural support and framework

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2
Q

What is the function of Levers?

A

Change direction of forces generated by skeletal muscle

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3
Q

What does Skeletal Tissue protect?

A

Delicate tissues and organs

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4
Q

What does Skeletal Tissue Store?

A

Minerals/Ca salts and lipids

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5
Q

What does Skeletal tissue do with blood cell production?

A

Red and White blood cells

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6
Q

What is Cartilage?

A

Supporting connective tissue

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7
Q

What is the Gelantinous matrix in cartilage?

A

Ground substance and fibres

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8
Q

What cells are in Cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes occupy lacunae

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9
Q

What happens with Poorly vascularised cartilage?

A

Exchange nutrients occurs by diffusion, heals slowly

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10
Q

Where is Cartilage derived from?

A

Embryonic mesoderm

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11
Q

What does Mesoderm produce?

A

Mesenchyme which forms cartilage bone and fibrous tissues

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12
Q

What seperates the Cartilage from surrounding tissue?

A

Perichondrium

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13
Q

What the are the 2 layers of the Perichondrium?

A

Outer fibrous irregular CT layer, Inner Cellular layer

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14
Q

What are the 3 Major types of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

What does Hyaline cartilage consist of?

A

Translucent matrix

most common

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16
Q

What is hyaline cartilage covered by?

A

Dense perichondrium

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17
Q

What does matrix in hyaline cartilage contain?

A

closely packed collagen fibres

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18
Q

What does Hyaline cartilage do?

A

Provides tough but flexible support e.g connects ribs and sternum

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19
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

Covers opposing bone surfaces e.g elbow

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20
Q

What does elastic cartilage contain?

A

Elastic fibres which are resilient and flexible, tolerate distortion and returns to shape

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21
Q

What is an example of elastic cartilage?

A

Epiglottis, larynx

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22
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Little ground substance, matrix dominated by large collagen fibres which are densely interwoven

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23
Q

How is Fibrocartilage tough and durable?

A

Resists compressions, absorbs shocks and prevents damage of bones

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24
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms of cartilage growth?

A

Interstitial

Appositional

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25
What is interstitial cartilage growth?
Chondrocytes undergo cell division to form additional matrix, enlarges cartilage from within (balloon)
26
What is Appositional cartilage growth?
New layers added to surface, inner layer of perichondrium undergoes division, increase cartilage by adding to outer surface
27
What is the appositional cell cycle?
Cells - immature chondrocytes - cartilage matrix - differentiate mature chondrocytes
28
What is the source of new cartilage cells?
Fibroblasts
29
What is the Key tissue in growing bones?
Hyaline cartilage - foetus
30
How do precursor bones develop?
Endochondral ossification
31
What is Osteogenesis?
Bone formation and growth, 6 weeks after fertilisation
32
What is Ossification?
Replacement of cartilage and CT by bone
33
What are 2 Major forms of ossification?
Endochondral | Intramembranous
34
What is endochondral ossification?
Bone replaces existing cartilage
35
What are the steps of endochondral ossification?
Begins near middle of shaft 1 centre of ossification, centre of Epiphyses (head) calcify - 2 ossification centre - Epiphyses - filled with spongy bone
36
What is Intramembranous ossification?
Bone develops from mesenchyme, stem cells within connective tissye differentiate osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells cluster and secrete matrix
37
What are Osteoblasts?
Calcification of mesenchymal cells
38
Where does ossification begin?
Ossification centre
39
What does I ossification first form?
Spongy bone, remodels to compact bones
40
What are examples of flat bones?
Skull,Clavicle
41
What does Bone contain?
Support Connective tissue, Specialised cells, extracellular fibres, ground substance, calcium phosphate, collagen, osteocytes
42
How is blood supplied to the bone?
Nutrient artery, Metaphyseal vessels, Periosteal vessels
43
What are long bones?
Long and slender - femur
44
What are short bones?
Small and boxy - carpals
45
What are irregular bones?
Complex, notches - pelvis
46
What are sesamoid bones?
Small flat, platella
47
What are sutural bones?
Flat bones of skull
48
What is the structure of Long bones?
Central shaft - diaphysis End - epiphyses Central - marrow cavity Adjacent bones - articular cartilage
49
What are the 2 types of bone?
Compact and spongy
50
Describe compact bone?
Solid, surface of bone, diaphysis
51
Describe spongy bone?
Open network, interior, epiphyses
52
What cells are in a bone?
Osteocytes, mature cant divide - occupy a lacuna
53
What is a lacuna?
Pocket layers of matrix
54
What is canaliculi?
Passageways
55
What does osteocytes do?
Maintain normal function by recycling and repairing bone
56
What are Osteoblasts?
Precursor cells that make and release proteins and increase concentration of calcium
57
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
Stem cells that divide to make osteoblasts
58
What are Osteoclasts?
Giant cells, remove bone matrix, secrete acides and dissolve enzymes (osteolysis) Regulate CA and Phosphate conc of body
59
What is functional unit of compact bone?
Osteon | Osteocytes arranged in concentric layers - osteon form cylinders surrounded by periosteum
60
What is Spongy bone formed from?
Lamellae form rods called trabeculae - frequent branching, nutrients reach by diffusion, red marrow here
61
What is Osteopenia?
Bones are thinner and weaker
62
Whatis Osteoporosis?
Function of bone compromised- hormones important

IMS (53 decks)

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