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Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the Skeletal tissue?

A

Structural support and framework

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2
Q

What is the function of Levers?

A

Change direction of forces generated by skeletal muscle

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3
Q

What does Skeletal Tissue protect?

A

Delicate tissues and organs

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4
Q

What does Skeletal Tissue Store?

A

Minerals/Ca salts and lipids

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5
Q

What does Skeletal tissue do with blood cell production?

A

Red and White blood cells

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6
Q

What is Cartilage?

A

Supporting connective tissue

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7
Q

What is the Gelantinous matrix in cartilage?

A

Ground substance and fibres

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8
Q

What cells are in Cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes occupy lacunae

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9
Q

What happens with Poorly vascularised cartilage?

A

Exchange nutrients occurs by diffusion, heals slowly

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10
Q

Where is Cartilage derived from?

A

Embryonic mesoderm

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11
Q

What does Mesoderm produce?

A

Mesenchyme which forms cartilage bone and fibrous tissues

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12
Q

What seperates the Cartilage from surrounding tissue?

A

Perichondrium

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13
Q

What the are the 2 layers of the Perichondrium?

A

Outer fibrous irregular CT layer, Inner Cellular layer

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14
Q

What are the 3 Major types of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

What does Hyaline cartilage consist of?

A

Translucent matrix

most common

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16
Q

What is hyaline cartilage covered by?

A

Dense perichondrium

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17
Q

What does matrix in hyaline cartilage contain?

A

closely packed collagen fibres

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18
Q

What does Hyaline cartilage do?

A

Provides tough but flexible support e.g connects ribs and sternum

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19
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

Covers opposing bone surfaces e.g elbow

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20
Q

What does elastic cartilage contain?

A

Elastic fibres which are resilient and flexible, tolerate distortion and returns to shape

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21
Q

What is an example of elastic cartilage?

A

Epiglottis, larynx

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22
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Little ground substance, matrix dominated by large collagen fibres which are densely interwoven

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23
Q

How is Fibrocartilage tough and durable?

A

Resists compressions, absorbs shocks and prevents damage of bones

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24
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms of cartilage growth?

A

Interstitial

Appositional

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25
Q

What is interstitial cartilage growth?

A

Chondrocytes undergo cell division to form additional matrix, enlarges cartilage from within (balloon)

26
Q

What is Appositional cartilage growth?

A

New layers added to surface, inner layer of perichondrium undergoes division, increase cartilage by adding to outer surface

27
Q

What is the appositional cell cycle?

A

Cells - immature chondrocytes - cartilage matrix - differentiate mature chondrocytes

28
Q

What is the source of new cartilage cells?

A

Fibroblasts

29
Q

What is the Key tissue in growing bones?

A

Hyaline cartilage - foetus

30
Q

How do precursor bones develop?

A

Endochondral ossification

31
Q

What is Osteogenesis?

A

Bone formation and growth, 6 weeks after fertilisation

32
Q

What is Ossification?

A

Replacement of cartilage and CT by bone

33
Q

What are 2 Major forms of ossification?

A

Endochondral

Intramembranous

34
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

Bone replaces existing cartilage

35
Q

What are the steps of endochondral ossification?

A

Begins near middle of shaft 1 centre of ossification, centre of Epiphyses (head) calcify - 2 ossification centre - Epiphyses - filled with spongy bone

36
Q

What is Intramembranous ossification?

A

Bone develops from mesenchyme, stem cells within connective tissye differentiate osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells cluster and secrete matrix

37
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Calcification of mesenchymal cells

38
Q

Where does ossification begin?

A

Ossification centre

39
Q

What does I ossification first form?

A

Spongy bone, remodels to compact bones

40
Q

What are examples of flat bones?

A

Skull,Clavicle

41
Q

What does Bone contain?

A

Support Connective tissue, Specialised cells, extracellular fibres, ground substance, calcium phosphate, collagen, osteocytes

42
Q

How is blood supplied to the bone?

A

Nutrient artery, Metaphyseal vessels, Periosteal vessels

43
Q

What are long bones?

A

Long and slender - femur

44
Q

What are short bones?

A

Small and boxy - carpals

45
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

Complex, notches - pelvis

46
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

Small flat, platella

47
Q

What are sutural bones?

A

Flat bones of skull

48
Q

What is the structure of Long bones?

A

Central shaft - diaphysis
End - epiphyses
Central - marrow cavity
Adjacent bones - articular cartilage

49
Q

What are the 2 types of bone?

A

Compact and spongy

50
Q

Describe compact bone?

A

Solid, surface of bone, diaphysis

51
Q

Describe spongy bone?

A

Open network, interior, epiphyses

52
Q

What cells are in a bone?

A

Osteocytes, mature cant divide - occupy a lacuna

53
Q

What is a lacuna?

A

Pocket layers of matrix

54
Q

What is canaliculi?

A

Passageways

55
Q

What does osteocytes do?

A

Maintain normal function by recycling and repairing bone

56
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Precursor cells that make and release proteins and increase concentration of calcium

57
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Stem cells that divide to make osteoblasts

58
Q

What are Osteoclasts?

A

Giant cells, remove bone matrix, secrete acides and dissolve enzymes (osteolysis)
Regulate CA and Phosphate conc of body

59
Q

What is functional unit of compact bone?

A

Osteon

Osteocytes arranged in concentric layers - osteon form cylinders surrounded by periosteum

60
Q

What is Spongy bone formed from?

A

Lamellae form rods called trabeculae - frequent branching, nutrients reach by diffusion, red marrow here

61
Q

What is Osteopenia?

A

Bones are thinner and weaker

62
Q

Whatis Osteoporosis?

A

Function of bone compromised- hormones important

IMS (53 decks)

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