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Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What nervous systems does the PNS give rise to?

A

Autonomic and Somatic

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2
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

System associated with Voluntary control of movement, from information outside of body

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3
Q

What are the 2 functions that serve the Dual function of Somatic nervous system?

A

Afferent - (sensory nerves)

Efferent - (motor nerves - muscle contraction)

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4
Q

What does the ANS control?

A

Maintaining Homeostatis and Involuntary Actions

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5
Q

What does the Smooth muscle control?

A

Contraction or Relaxation

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6
Q

What does the Cardiac muscle control?

A

Increase/Decrease rate and force of contraction

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7
Q

What does the Glands control?

A

Increase/Decrease Secretion

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8
Q

What are the differences between Somatic and Autonomic systems?

A 
ANS = 2 neurons to effect     SNS= 1 neuron to effector
ANS = cardiac/smooth muscle  SNS= Skeletal muscle
ANS = excitatory and inhibitory        SNS= excitatory
ANS= ACh and NA      SNS= only ACh
ANS= Cell bodies out of CNS  SNS= Cell bodies in CNS
ANS= pre/post gang myelinated SNS= Axons myelinated
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9
Q

What are the 3 anatomical sub-divisions of ANS?

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, Enteric

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10
Q

Give examples of ANS functions?

A

Body Temp control, Gut motility, HR, Blood Pressure, Micturation

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11
Q

What does the Sympathetic division do?

A

Mobilises body during extreme situations ‘fight or flight’ response

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12
Q

What does the Parasympathetic division do?

A

Unwind whilst doing maintenance ‘Rest and Digest’

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13
Q

What happens to the function of the Heart in Parasympathetic and Sympathetic conditions?

A 
S = Increase HR + Force of contraction
P=  Decrease HR + Force of contraction
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14
Q

What happens to the function of the Blood Vessels in Parasympathetic and Sympathetic conditions?

A 
S= constriction 
P= no effect
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15
Q

What happens to the function of the Lungs in Parasympathetic and Sympathetic conditions?

A 
S= Bronchodilation
P= Bronchoconstriction
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16
Q

What happens to the function of the GIT in Parasympathetic and Sympathetic conditions?

A 
S= Decrease Motility + Secretions Sphincter contraction
P= Increase Motility + Secretions - Spincter relaxation
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17
Q

What happens to the function of the Salivary Glands in Parasympathetic and Sympathetic conditions?

A

S + P = stimulates Secretion

18
Q

What happens to the function of the Sweat Glands in Parasympathetic and Sympathetic conditions?

A 
S= Copious Secretion
P= Sweating Palms only
19
Q

What happens to the function of the Eye in Parasympathetic and Sympathetic conditions?

A 
S= Dilation of pupils, Flattening Lens
P= Constriction of pupils, Thickening of Lens
20
Q

What happens to the function of the Urinary Bladder in Parasympathetic and Sympathetic conditions?

A 
S= Relaxation of bladder wall, Sphincter contraction
P= Contraction of bladder wall, Sphincter relaxation
21
Q

What is the Anatomical difference of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic fibres?

A

S fibres = Originate from Thoracic and Lumbar regions

P fibres = Emerge from brain and spinal cord at Sacral level + Cranial region

22
Q

Describe the Sympathetic nervous system?

A

Short Pre-gang fibres, Long Post-gang fibres
Ganglia lie near vertebral column and spinal cord
Axons branch profusely - influence many organs

23
Q

Describe the Parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Long Pre-gang fibres, Short Post-gang fibres
Ganglia far from CNS close to organs
Axon branching is diffused and localised

24
Q

What are the Sympathetic Functions?

A

Co-ordinating responses to emergencies

In stressful situations adrenaline released from medulla

25
What are the Parasympathetic Functions?
Conservation and Restoration of energy Descrete or localised functions on organs SLUDD - salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation
26
In most organs receiving both P and S innervation's, what are the systems?
Physiologically Antigonistic e.g P activates to Slow HR, S activates to Increase HR
27
What happens when the S and P systems both oppose one another?
One dominates, for e.g In the Gut P dominates S as Parasympathetic is the main motor nerve for gut functions
28
Give some examples of organs only Innervated by One division?
Sweat glands, Piloerecter muscles, Blood Vessels (only sympathetic) - depends on location due to different receptor subtypes e.g S dilates and constricts BV for different things
29
In the Sympathetic division, what do most Post-Gang axons release?
Noradrenaline (adrenergic) and ACh (muscarinic receptors) - sympathetic cholinergic
30
In the Parasympathetic division, what do Post-Gang axons release?
ACh (cholinergic) in Pre-gang it is ALWAYS ACh
31
What are the sections of ANS receptors?
Cholinergic and Adrenergic
32
What are the 2 Sub-sections of Cholinergic Receptors?
Nicotinic and Muscarinic
33
What are the 3 Main types of the Nicotinic ACh receptors?
Muscle (NMJ), ganglionic and CNS
34
How many Subunits do ligand-gated channels form? and how can they vary?
5 subunits, Heteromeric :NMJ - a,b,Gamma Ganglion - a, b Homomeric :all alphas (neuronal)
35
What are muscarinic receptors and subsections?
G-Protein Coupled receptors, 5 Subtypes M1-M5
36
What is the function and location of M1,4,5?
CNS - activates complex CNS responses such as memory and arousal M1 also found at gastric parietal cells and autonomic ganglia
37
What is the function and location of M2?
Heart - lowers conduction velocity and sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes lowering HR
38
What is the function and location of M3?
Glands, Smooth Muscle - Produces responses on a variety of organs e.g Bladder, exocrine glands
39
What is the function and location of a1 Adrenoreceptors?
Smooth muscle, Sweat & Salivary glands, skin, kidney, radial muscles - Excitation leads to contraction -> vasoconstriction-> dilation of pupil -> close sphincters Increased secretion of sweat and k+ (glands)
40
What is the function and location of a2 Adrenoreceptors?
Sympathetic nerve terminals, smooth muscles, b cells of pancreas, blood platelets - Inhibition of norepinephrine secretion-> vasodilation - Reduce insulin secretion - form plug
41
What is the function and location of B1 Adrenoreceptors?
Cardiac muscle fibres, posterior pituary, adipose, juxtaglomerula cells of kidney - Increase force and rate of contraction - Renin secretion - Secrete ADH - Breakdown triglycerides and release fatty acids into blood
42
What is the function and location of B2 Adrenoreceptors?
Smooth muscles of airways, Wall of visceral organs, Ciliary muscle, Hepatocytes - Inhibition leading to dilation->Vasodilation - Relax organ walls - Inhibit for relaxation-> Glycogenolysis

IMS (53 decks)

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