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IMS > Introduction to specific immunity > Flashcards

Introduction to specific immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What does Immune response mostly rely on?

A

B and T cells

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2
Q

Where do B cells develop?

A

Within Bone marrow

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3
Q

Where do T cells develop?

A

Pre-t cells that migrate into thymus from bone marrow

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4
Q

With maturity what do T and B cells develop?

A

distinctive membrane bound proteins include antigen receptors and CD4 and CD8 proteins

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of immune responses?

A

Cell mediated

Antibody mediated immunity

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6
Q

What is Cell mediated immunity?

A

involve CD8 t cells proliferation into cytotoxic t cells

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7
Q

What is CMI largely associated with?

A

Targeting intracellular pathogens and some cancer cells

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8
Q

What does Antibody mediated immunity involve?

A

Transform B cells into plasma cells, Plasma cells synthesize and secrete immunoglobulins and bind to inactive specific antigens

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9
Q

What is AMI associated with?

A

targeting antigents in body fluids and pathogens that replicate - aided by CD4 helper cells

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10
Q

What are antigens?

A

Single foreign proteins that is part of a large complex, it activates adaptive response and whole ones cant be detected

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11
Q

What is Immunogenicity?

A

Ability to induce a response mediated by production of specific T cells or specific antibodies

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12
Q

What is reactivity?

A

Ability to react with antibodies or specific T cells

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13
Q

What do T cells respond to?

A

Only protein antigents

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14
Q

Where do B cells respond to?

A

Proteins, lipids,carbohydrates and nucleic acids

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15
Q

What are epitopes?

A

Small component of antigens that initiate immune response

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16
Q

How are antigens trapped in the mucosal membrane?

A

Trapped by mucosa-associate lymph tissue (MALT)

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17
Q

What does MHC do?

A

Guide recognition of antigen by T cells, bind epitopes of antigents and highly polymorphic

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18
Q

What are MHC also known as?

A

HLA

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19
Q

How are MHC expressed in the body?

A

By every cell except RBC

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20
Q

How do MHC function?

A

Help T cells recognise foreign antigens

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of MHC?

A

Class I and Class II

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22
Q

What are MHC I?

A

built into PM of all bodies cells

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23
Q

What are MHC II?

A

Found on membrane of antigen presenting cells such as active T cells

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24
Q

What do MHC play a part in?

A

Rejection of donor tissue

25
Q

What can B cells recognise?

A

Antigens in body fluid

26
Q

What do T cells recognise?

A

Antigents presented in combo with MHC

27
Q

Where do MHC arise from?

A

Fragments of self protein associated with peptide binding groove or new MHC

28
Q

What are the 2 ways processing of foreign antigens can occur?

A

Exogenous antigen

Endogenous antigen

29
Q

What is Exogenous antigen processing?

A

Antigents found in body fluids, dealth by antigent presenting cells APC.

30
Q

What do APC include?

A

Macrophages, B cells and Dendritic cells

31
Q

What do APC ingest?

A

Antigen then antigen ingested into peptide fragments transferred to small vesicles

32
Q

What does APC synthesis?

A

MHC II molecules as packed into inner membrane of vesicles

33
Q

What process does Large vesicles with MHC II undergo?

A

Exocytosis

34
Q

What is Endogenous Antigen processing?

A

Antigens produced within a cell and associate with MHC I molecules - moves to cell membrane as surface antigen

35
Q

What do T cells not recognise?

A

Free antigens and as only directed to infected cell

36
Q

What is the 2 stage process of T cell activation?

A

Initial binding of t cell with specific antigen

37
Q

What is co-stimulation?

A

More than 20 known co-stimulants include cytokines and pairs of PM molecules

38
Q

How does co-stimulation function?

A

Allows two cells to temporarily attach to knoe another

39
Q

What does lack of co-stimulation result in?

A

Anergy

40
Q

Where does the process of proliferation and differentiation of T cells occur?

A

In secondary lymphatic organs and tissues

41
Q

What are the 3 main types of T cells?

A

Helper t cells
Cytotoxic t cells
Memory cells

42
Q

What do Helper cells do?

A

Express the CD4 membrain protein into TH cells

43
Q

What do TH cells do?

A

Recognise MHC II complexes and if costimulated secrete range of cytokines

44
Q

What does the cytokine IL-2 do?

A

Functions by triggering T cell proliferation and function for TH cells

45
Q

What do Cytokines do?

A

Enhance immunocompetent cell function

46
Q

What are cytokinees?

A

Small hormones that stimulate or inhibit cellular differentiation

47
Q

What are the most common Cytokines?

A

Interleukins 1-5 , tumour necrosis factor, TGF-B, Gammar IFN, A+B IFN

48
Q

How does Cytokine treat medical conditions?

A

Cytokine therapy

49
Q

Where are Cytotoxic cells derived from?

A

CD8 cells

50
Q

What cells reconigse MHC I on virus cells?

A

TC cells (cytotoxic t)

51
Q

How are Cytokines secreted?

A

As a result of Helper cell secretion, only once encountered same antigen

52
Q

How do TC cells destroy target cells?

A

Secreting porforin

Secreting Lymphotoxin

53
Q

What are Memory cells?

A

T cells remain after infection give rise to these

54
Q

How are memory cells maintained?

A

Allow rapid response to reinvasion by initial antigenic material

55
Q

What does T cell Maturation occur?

A

Rearrangements of germ line TCR genes

56
Q

What are developing t cells in thymus known as?

A

Thymocytes

57
Q

What do thymocytes do?

A

Proliferate and differentiate into sub-populations of mature t cells

58
Q

What is positive selection?

A

MHC restriction

59
Q

What is Negative selection?

A

Deletion of autoreactive cells

IMS (53 decks)

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