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IMS > Causes of Infection > Flashcards

Causes of Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main agents causing infection?

A 
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Parasites
Prions
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2
Q

What factors allow infection to occur?

A

Barriers to infection

Enviroment

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3
Q

Describe structure of a virus?

A

Small, metabollically inert, too small, have different shapes

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4
Q

What do viruses need for the cells to replicate?

A

Living host cells

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5
Q

What are the components of a virus?

A

Cell wall, Core, Sheath, Capsid, Genes

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6
Q

What is a Capsid on a virus?

A

Protein coat - a shell that stays out out of body

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7
Q

What can some viruses derive from a host cell?

A

Lipid envelope

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8
Q

What does a Virus contain?

A

Genetic material but no organelles

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9
Q

What do Virus’s rely on?

A

Host organelles/systems to reproduce

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10
Q

How do Viruses bind to a cell?

A

Use surface proteins to insert genetic material inside

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11
Q

What are 3 Common viruses?

A

Chickenpox virus - lay dormant emerge to cause shingles
Rhinovirus - infect for days cause a cold
Hep C virus- Chronic liver infection over years

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12
Q

How do Viruses differ in the severity of diseases?

A

Mild - herpes
Variable - flu
Severe - Ebola

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13
Q

Describe structure of bacteria?

A

Prokaryote
Unicellular
Cell membrane,cell wall, no nucleus, asexual, move using flaggells

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14
Q

What genetic material would be in bacteria?

A

DNA but no membrane

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15
Q

What are the 3 shape classifications of bacteria?

A

Coccus - circle
Spirillum - spiral
Bacillus - rod

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16
Q

What are the 3 cell wall stain classifications?

A

Gram positive
Gram negative
Others i.e myobacteria

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17
Q

Describe Gram negative?

A

Lipopolysaccharide and protein on outer chell , stains pink

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18
Q

Describe Gram positive?

A

Simple membrane and peptidoglycan - stains purple

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19
Q

What does the type of cell wall in bacteria determine?

A

Structural strength of cell and how well it can survive in the enviroment

20
Q

What is the format of the names of bacteria?

A

Family then type, always in italics, Family first letter always capital second type always lowercase

21
Q

What are 4 examples of bacterial diseases?

A

Meningoccocal sepsis (blood)
Bacterial endocarditis
Cellulitis
Streptococcal throat infection

22
Q

Describe Fungi?

A

Eukaryotes, similiar characteristics to human cells reproduce asexual and sexually

23
Q

What are 3 types of fungi?

A

Yeasts - candida albicans
Moulds - aspergillus fumigatus
Diamorphic fungi - switch between types

24
Q

Give examples of Mild fungal infections?

A

Thrus, athletes foot, ringworm

25
Q

Give example of severe fungal infections?

A

Cryptococcal meningitis in HIV

Invasive candida in ICU

26
Q

What are the 3 types of parasites?

A

Ectoparasites - out of body i.e ticks
Endoparasites - inside body - worms
Epiparasites - live on another parasite i.e malaria on mosquitos

27
Q

What are the 2 general classes of human parasites?

A

Unicellular organisms - protozoa

Worms - helminths

28
Q

Describe the Parasitic disease Giardia?

A

Cause bloody diarrohoea
Caught from drinking infected water
can be seen in stool in microscope
cyst forms and spreads

29
Q

Describe the parasitic disease malaria?

A

Biggest killer
complex
reproduce in female mosquitos
Infect human RBCS

30
Q

What are the 4 types of malarial parasite?

A

Falciparum - most severe
Chloroquine sensitive malaria
Chloroquine resistant malaria
Multi resistant malaria

31
Q

What are the 3 types of worms?

A

Cestodes - tapeworms flat
Trematodes - flukes - flat
Nematodes - round, cylindrical teeth

32
Q

Describe Cestodes?

A

Tapeworms can be found in a variety of protein inc sushi

33
Q

What diseases can Cestodes cause?

A

Malabsorption
Malnutrition
Cysts in muscle or brain

34
Q

Describe Nematodes?

A

Biggest - round worms

35
Q

What problems can Nematodes cause?

A

Elephantiasis
Diarrohoea
Malabsorption

36
Q

Describe Trematodes?

A

Flukes in lung liver parncreas intestinal

37
Q

What type of Fluke is Schistosoma from?

A

Blood flukes, 2nd most parasitic disease for death

38
Q

How does Blood flukes get into the body?

A

From fresh water snails, flukes pentrate skin

39
Q

What are Symptons of schistosoma?

A

Migrate to veins, diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain

40
Q

What are Prions?

A

Smallest infective agents

41
Q

What are prion particles called?

A

Proteinaceious infection particles

42
Q

Describe structure of prions?

A

Lack nucleic acid, not living, proteins fold abnormally accumulate in neural tissue, VERY difficult to destroy

43
Q

What are the concerns of removing Prions?

A

Cleaning surgical instruments

44
Q

What are some examples of Prion diseases?

A

CJD - fatal degenerative neurological disease, Variant in young adults, BSE in cows, Scrapie in sheep, Kuru spread by cannibalism

45
Q

What are the defence mechanisms in the body against infection?

A

Skin, Mucous membrane, Stomach acid, microflora, Immune system

IMS (53 decks)

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