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IMS > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Circulatory system consist of?

A

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

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2
Q

What is the route of blood in the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart - arteries - capillaries - veins - heart

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3
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Uptake of nutrients
Excretion of waste
Homeostatis
Fluid/cells leave blood through capillaries and reenter through lymph capillaries, heart acts as a pump

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4
Q

What is the location of the heart?

A

Lies between lungs in the mediastinum

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5
Q

What is on the surface of the heart?

A

Fibrous pericardium - tough connective tissue

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Protection, anchors heart to diaphragm and large vessels, prevents overfilling

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7
Q

What is on the deep layer of the heart?

A

Serous pericardium which has 2 layers the parietal and visceral (epicardium) at surface of heart

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8
Q

What is the Pericardial cavity?

A

Serum filled space in between

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9
Q

What are the 3 layer/coverings of the heart?

A

Pericardium - outer fibrous tissue layer
Myocardium - middle layer of thick muscle
Endocardium - inner epithelial layer

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10
Q

What are the 3 Vascularised layers of the heart?

A

Surface - epicardium
Middle - myocardium
Deep - endocardium

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11
Q

What does the myocardium contain?

A

Muscle with connective tissue (fibrous skeleton) thickest around vessels to prevent over dilation

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12
Q

What does the endocardium contain?

A

Sheet of endothelium which lines the chambers and continuous with vessles

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13
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

2 small atria and 2 large ventricles

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14
Q

What is the Atria?

A

Thin wall on the posterior wall smooth, anteriror ridges with pectinate muscles

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15
Q

Blood enters the Right atrium through which 3 veins?

A

Superior vena cava (upper body)
Inferior vena cava (lower body)
Coronary Sinus (heart myocardium)

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16
Q

Blood Enters the LEFT atrium via 4 pulmonary veins where from?

A

From the lungs back to the heart

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17
Q

What are the Ventricles?

A

Thick walls which have muscle ridges called trabeculae carnae

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18
Q

What is the Blood route from the Right Ventricle?

A

Right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - lungs

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19
Q

What is the Blood route from the Left ventricle?

A

Left Ventricle to aorta to body

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20
Q

What are the 2 parallel pumps which circuit the blood?

A

Pulmonary circuit - Right to/from lungs

Systematic circuit - Left to/from all body tissues 3x thicker walls

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21
Q

What are the 4 Heart valves?

A

2 atrioventricular

2 Semilunar

22
Q

What are the 2 Atrioventicular heart valves?

A

Right - tricuspid

Left - bicuspid/mitral

23
Q

What are the 2 Semilunar heart valves?

A

One aortic and One pulmonary

24
Q

Where are there no valves and why?

A

Between vena cava and pulmonary vein and their atria. Some backflow during atrial contraction

25
Q

Where is the Coronary circulation?

A

Right and Left coronary arteries at the base of aorta

26
Q

What is the route of flow of Coronary circulation?

A

Arteries - heart - capillary beds - cardiac veins - coronary sinus - right atrium

27
Q

Describe the Coronary sinus?

A

Tri-branched

28
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, Capillaries, Veins

29
Q

What is the Route of Blood in blood vessels?

A

Artery - arteriole - capillary - venule - vein

30
Q

What is the Blood Vessel structure?

A

Tunica Intima - Media - Adventitia

31
Q

What does the Tunica Intima of Blood vessels do?

A

Inner layer - endothelium with endocardim, slick

32
Q

What does the Tunica Media do of the Blood vessels?

A

Mid layer - circularly arranged smooth muscle and sheets of elastin

33
Q

What does the Tunica Adventitia of the blood vessels do?

A

Outer layer, loose collagen fibres for protecting and anchoring

34
Q

What nerves help maintain blood pressure?

A

Vasamotor nerves leads to vasodilation/vasoconstriction

35
Q

What do larger blood vessels contain?

A

Vasa Vasorum

36
Q

What is the Arterial system?

A

Oxygenatied blood from heart

37
Q

What are the 3 groups of the Arterial System?

A

Elastic
Muscular
Arterioles

38
Q

What does the Elastic part of arterial system do?

A

Largest thick walled near heart, inactive in vasoconstriction

39
Q

What does the Muscular arterial system do?

A

Muscular or distributing arteries, more smooth muscles less elastin, active in vasodilation

40
Q

What does arterioles do in arterial system?

A

Control blood flow to capillaries, small and single layer of smooth muscle around endothelium

41
Q

What are the 3 Types of Capillaries?

A

Continous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

42
Q

What do continuous capillaries do?

A

Most common, incomplete tight junctions (intercellular clefts) - fluid and solute exchange

43
Q

What do fenestrated capillaries do?

A

Membranous pores in some endothelial cells - high fluid and solute permeability

44
Q

What do Sinusoidal capillaries do?

A

Large with irregular lumen, fewer tight junctions - large molecule exchange, immune surveillance

45
Q

What are the 2 types of capillary beds?

A

Vascular shunt

True capillaries

46
Q

What does Vascular shunt capillary beds do?

A

Connects arteriole ad venule at ends of bed

47
Q

What does True capillaries do?

A

Regulates flow via vasomotornerve

48
Q

Where is the per-capillary sphincter?

A

Metarteriole

49
Q

Describe the Venules in venous system?

A

Post-capillary, smallest, few fibro blasts, porous, WBC exchange, Larger venules

50
Q

Describe veins in the Venous system?

A

65% of blood in veins, thinner than arteries, large lumens, T.M = less SM and elastin T.A = thick longitudinal muscle

51
Q

What happens with veins if BP is low?

A

Thinner walls, valves to prevent backflow

52
Q

What does Venous Valves do?

A

Formed from folds in T.Intima, common in limbs, Varicose veins

IMS (53 decks)

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