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IMS > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Circulatory system consist of?

A

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

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2
Q

What is the route of blood in the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart - arteries - capillaries - veins - heart

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3
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Uptake of nutrients
Excretion of waste
Homeostatis
Fluid/cells leave blood through capillaries and reenter through lymph capillaries, heart acts as a pump

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4
Q

What is the location of the heart?

A

Lies between lungs in the mediastinum

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5
Q

What is on the surface of the heart?

A

Fibrous pericardium - tough connective tissue

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Protection, anchors heart to diaphragm and large vessels, prevents overfilling

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7
Q

What is on the deep layer of the heart?

A

Serous pericardium which has 2 layers the parietal and visceral (epicardium) at surface of heart

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8
Q

What is the Pericardial cavity?

A

Serum filled space in between

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9
Q

What are the 3 layer/coverings of the heart?

A

Pericardium - outer fibrous tissue layer
Myocardium - middle layer of thick muscle
Endocardium - inner epithelial layer

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10
Q

What are the 3 Vascularised layers of the heart?

A

Surface - epicardium
Middle - myocardium
Deep - endocardium

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11
Q

What does the myocardium contain?

A

Muscle with connective tissue (fibrous skeleton) thickest around vessels to prevent over dilation

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12
Q

What does the endocardium contain?

A

Sheet of endothelium which lines the chambers and continuous with vessles

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13
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

2 small atria and 2 large ventricles

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14
Q

What is the Atria?

A

Thin wall on the posterior wall smooth, anteriror ridges with pectinate muscles

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15
Q

Blood enters the Right atrium through which 3 veins?

A

Superior vena cava (upper body)
Inferior vena cava (lower body)
Coronary Sinus (heart myocardium)

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16
Q

Blood Enters the LEFT atrium via 4 pulmonary veins where from?

A

From the lungs back to the heart

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17
Q

What are the Ventricles?

A

Thick walls which have muscle ridges called trabeculae carnae

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18
Q

What is the Blood route from the Right Ventricle?

A

Right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - lungs

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19
Q

What is the Blood route from the Left ventricle?

A

Left Ventricle to aorta to body

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20
Q

What are the 2 parallel pumps which circuit the blood?

A

Pulmonary circuit - Right to/from lungs

Systematic circuit - Left to/from all body tissues 3x thicker walls

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21
Q

What are the 4 Heart valves?

A

2 atrioventricular

2 Semilunar

22
Q

What are the 2 Atrioventicular heart valves?

A

Right - tricuspid

Left - bicuspid/mitral

23
Q

What are the 2 Semilunar heart valves?

A

One aortic and One pulmonary

24
Q

Where are there no valves and why?

A

Between vena cava and pulmonary vein and their atria. Some backflow during atrial contraction

25
Where is the Coronary circulation?
Right and Left coronary arteries at the base of aorta
26
What is the route of flow of Coronary circulation?
Arteries - heart - capillary beds - cardiac veins - coronary sinus - right atrium
27
Describe the Coronary sinus?
Tri-branched
28
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Arteries, Capillaries, Veins
29
What is the Route of Blood in blood vessels?
Artery - arteriole - capillary - venule - vein
30
What is the Blood Vessel structure?
Tunica Intima - Media - Adventitia
31
What does the Tunica Intima of Blood vessels do?
Inner layer - endothelium with endocardim, slick
32
What does the Tunica Media do of the Blood vessels?
Mid layer - circularly arranged smooth muscle and sheets of elastin
33
What does the Tunica Adventitia of the blood vessels do?
Outer layer, loose collagen fibres for protecting and anchoring
34
What nerves help maintain blood pressure?
Vasamotor nerves leads to vasodilation/vasoconstriction
35
What do larger blood vessels contain?
Vasa Vasorum
36
What is the Arterial system?
Oxygenatied blood from heart
37
What are the 3 groups of the Arterial System?
Elastic Muscular Arterioles
38
What does the Elastic part of arterial system do?
Largest thick walled near heart, inactive in vasoconstriction
39
What does the Muscular arterial system do?
Muscular or distributing arteries, more smooth muscles less elastin, active in vasodilation
40
What does arterioles do in arterial system?
Control blood flow to capillaries, small and single layer of smooth muscle around endothelium
41
What are the 3 Types of Capillaries?
Continous Fenestrated Sinusoidal
42
What do continuous capillaries do?
Most common, incomplete tight junctions (intercellular clefts) - fluid and solute exchange
43
What do fenestrated capillaries do?
Membranous pores in some endothelial cells - high fluid and solute permeability
44
What do Sinusoidal capillaries do?
Large with irregular lumen, fewer tight junctions - large molecule exchange, immune surveillance
45
What are the 2 types of capillary beds?
Vascular shunt | True capillaries
46
What does Vascular shunt capillary beds do?
Connects arteriole ad venule at ends of bed
47
What does True capillaries do?
Regulates flow via vasomotornerve
48
Where is the per-capillary sphincter?
Metarteriole
49
Describe the Venules in venous system?
Post-capillary, smallest, few fibro blasts, porous, WBC exchange, Larger venules
50
Describe veins in the Venous system?
65% of blood in veins, thinner than arteries, large lumens, T.M = less SM and elastin T.A = thick longitudinal muscle
51
What happens with veins if BP is low?
Thinner walls, valves to prevent backflow
52
What does Venous Valves do?
Formed from folds in T.Intima, common in limbs, Varicose veins

IMS (53 decks)

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