Anatomy of Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the Female Reproductive Organs?
Uterus
Uterine Tubes x2
Ovaries
Vagina
What is the Uterus and what does it contain?
Muscular organ -
Fundus (above level of entry uterine tube)
Body (flattened anteroposteriorly)
Cervix (opens into vault of vagina)
What are the 3 Layers of the Uterus?
Epimetrium (derived from peritoneum)
Myometrium (smooth muscle)
Endometrium (inner mucous coat, menstrutation)
What gives the Female Reproductive system Structural Support?
Pelvic Diaphragm (active)
Perineal body
Broad ligament (double layer of peritoneum)
Uterosacral Ligament (cervix to sacram)
Cardinal Ligament (cervix to ischial spine)
Round Ligament
What are the 3 Types of Broad Ligaments?
Mesomentrium (mesentery uterus)
Mesosalphinx (uterine tuber)
Mesovarium (overies)
What is the normal position of the Uterus?
Anteverted and slightly Anteflexed
Why would the Uterus Change Position?
Bladder and Rectum fill up
What are the 3 Anatomical Variants?
Anteflexed (left) , Normal, Retroflexed (right)
What are Fibroids?
Uterine Leiomyomas - bening tumours from myometrium
What are the Symptons for Fibroids?
Cyclic - hormone sensitive
if large can cause heavy periods, painful intercourse, back pain
Common in middle to later age groups
What are the Treatment Options for Fibroids?
Pharmacological Intervention - reduce oestrogen
Invasive Uterine Artery Embolisation - reduce blood supply to fibroids
Hysteroscopic resection - resctoscope
Myomectomoy - Laparoscopic, Open laparotomy
Hysterectomy - Transvaginal, laporoscopic
What are the Uterine Tubes?
Fallopian tubes or Oviducts that project laterally from Uterus
What are the 3 Segments of the Uterine Tubes?
Isthmus - narrow portion joins uterus
Ampulla - dilated lateral portion
Infundibulum - Surrounds fimbriae
What are the purpose of the Segments of the Uterine Tubes?
Opens into peritoneal cavity at distal ostium, receive eggs from ovaries
What is the difference between Uterine Artery and Ureter?
Uterine artery passes ABOVE ureter ‘water under the bridge’
Surgically Important as Ureter is at risk of damage (2%)