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IMS > Digestive System 1 > Flashcards

Digestive System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Digestive system consist of?

A

Alimentary tract and Accessory organs to support function

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2
Q

What are the Structures of the Oral Cavity?

A

Teeth and Periodontium
Tongue
Salivary glands

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3
Q

What is the Major function of the Oral Cavity?

A

Ingestion and Mechanical fragmentation of food

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4
Q

What is the Major Histology of the Oral Cavity?

A

Lining of Stratified Squamous epithelium

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5
Q

What is the Purpose of the Tongue?

A

Highly muscular, Manipulates food for Mastication,

Taste

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6
Q

What is the Surface of the tongue covered by?

A

Lingual Papillae

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7
Q

What are the 4 Types of Lingual Papillae?

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate

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8
Q

What are the 3 Transport Passages and describe?

A

Pharynx
Oesophagus
Anal Canal
Simple muscular transport tubes, lined with stratified squamous epithelium, some have mucous glands for lubrication

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9
Q

Describe the Mucosa of the Oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (above diaphragm)
Columnar Epithelium (below diaphragm)
Defined Lamina Propria and muscularis mucosae

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10
Q

Describe the Muscularis Externa of the Oesophagus?

A 
Striated Muscle (upper third)
Striated and Smooth muscle (central)
Smooth muscle (lower third)
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11
Q

Describe the Adventitia of the Oesophagus?

A

Layer of Loose connective tissue

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12
Q

What are the 3 Structures of the Digestive tract?

A

Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

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13
Q

What are the 3 Parts of the Small Intestine?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

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14
Q

What are the 4 Parts of the Large Intestine?

A

Caecum, Appendix, Colon, Rectum

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15
Q

Describe the Common Mucosa of the Digestive tract?

A

Inner layer surrounding tract, absorptive and secretory types, formation of complex glands, Intrusions/Inversions

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16
Q

Describe the Epithelium of the 1st Layer Mucosa of the tract?

A

Columnar epithelial cells, Glandular secretions moisten surface

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17
Q

Describe the Lamina Propria of the 1st Layer Mucosa of the tract?

A

Loose Connective tissue, has small blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve fibres, macrophages and lymphocytes

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18
Q

Describe the 2nd Layer Submucosa?

A

Connective Tissue that seperates mucosa from underlying muscle layers, has more neural tissue

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19
Q

What is the name + function of the Neural Tissue in the Submucosa?

A

Submucosal Plexus -regulates contractions and glandular secretions

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20
Q

Describe the 3rd Layer of the Tract the Muscularis Externa?

A

2 layers of Smooth Muscle to allow peristaltic contractions (inner circular compact spiral - outer longitudinal helix)

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21
Q

Where is the Second Nerve plexus located?

A

Between Muscular layers - the Myenteric Plexus

22
Q

Describe the 4th Outermost Layer of the Tract, what are the 2 divisions?

A

Serosa and Adventitia, delimits alimentary canal and covers muscularis

23
Q

Describe the Serosa?

A

Also called Visceral Peritoneum, connective tissue with simple squamous epithelium that lines majority of small + large intestine

24
Q

What Parts of the Intestine(s) does the Serosa not line?

A

Duodenum and Colon

25
Q

What is the Epithelium component of the Serosa?

A

Mesothelium

26
Q

What is the Mesentary?

A

A double layer of Visceral Peritoneum

27
Q

Describe the Adventitia?

A

Layer connected to surrounding tissue made up on fibrous connective tissue

28
Q

What is the Stomach?

A

Digestive organ and Reservoir

29
Q

What are the 4 Anatomical Regions of the Stomach?

A

Cardia
Fundus
Corpus
Pylorus

30
Q

Describe the Mucosa of the Stomach?

A

Muscularis mucosae circular and longitudinal muscle fibres

31
Q

Describe the Muscularis Externa?

A

3 Layers - Oblique, Circular, Longitudinal

32
Q

Describe the Gastric Mucosa of the Stomach?

A

Has Columnar Epithelium and Rugae (gastric folds) which are visible when the stomach is empty, Has Gastric pits that shallow surface depressions

33
Q

Describe the Tubular Gastric Glands of the Gastric Mucosa in the Stomach?

A

Open into gastric pits, occupy entire mucosa and contain mucus producing cells - the mucus forms a sheath to protect against acid

34
Q

Describe the Gastric Glands at Cardiac?

A

Heavily branched and Mucus producing glands

35
Q

Describe the Principle Glands of the Corpus-Fundic of the Gastric Mucosa?

A

Mucus neck cells, have Chief cells - zymogenic (produce enzymes)
Parietal Cells - oxyntic (secrete acid)
Entero-endocrine cells (secretion secretion in other cells)

36
Q

Describe the Pyloric Glands of the Gastric Mucosa?

A

More coiled than principle glands, no chief cells and more frequent endocrine cells

37
Q

Describe the Mucosa of the Small Intestine?

A

Contains- Pilicae, Intestinal Villi, Microvilli on enterocytes

38
Q

What does the Plicae of the S.Intestine Mucosa do?

A

Increase surface area x3 - permanent structure absent at start of duodenum

39
Q

What does the Intestinal Villi of the S.Intestine Mucosa do?

A

Increase surface area x10 , the main cell type is Enterocytes (absorptive function)

40
Q

What does the Microvilli on Enterocytes do?

A

Increase Surface area by x20

41
Q

Describe the Tubular glands of the Mucosa of the S.Intestine?

A

Secrete Intestinal Juice, Paneth cells at base of crypt to secrete/control infection, from base of villi to muscalris

42
Q

Describe the Goblet cells of the Mucosa of the S.Intestine?

A

Secrete Mucous

43
Q

Describe the Muscularis Mucosae of the Mucosa of the S.Intestine?

A

2 Layers and extend into Villi

44
Q

Describe the Regeneration of Intestinal Epithelia of the Mucosa of the S.Intestine?

A

Epithelial cells turnover time 1% a hour, undifferentiated stem cells at base of crypt, divide and move up

45
Q

Describe the Muscularis Externa of the Muscularis layer of the S.Intestine?

A

Circular and longitudinal layers covered by serosa

46
Q

What is the Purpose of the Large Intestine?

A

Frames Small intestine and Reabsorbs water and inorganic salts

47
Q

Describe the Mucosa of the L.Intestine?

A 
Smooth surface (no plicae or villi)
Crpyts of Lieberkuhn 
Goblet Cells (more numerous)
Few endocrine cells
Thin Lamina Propria
2 Layers of Muscularis Mucosae
48
Q

What does the Serosa of the Large Intestine do?

A

Forms small pouches filled with adipose along the intestine

49
Q

Describe the Muscularis Externa of the Muscularis layer of the L.Intestine?

A

Longitudinal muscle layer forms 3 flattened strands

50
Q

Describe 2 Flattened strands of the Muscularis Externa of L.Intestine?

A

TC - Taenia Coli
HC - Haustra coli (sacculations of the colon)
Fold in response to contractions

IMS (53 decks)

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