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Digestive System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Digestive system consist of?

A

Alimentary tract and Accessory organs to support function

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2
Q

What are the Structures of the Oral Cavity?

A

Teeth and Periodontium
Tongue
Salivary glands

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3
Q

What is the Major function of the Oral Cavity?

A

Ingestion and Mechanical fragmentation of food

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4
Q

What is the Major Histology of the Oral Cavity?

A

Lining of Stratified Squamous epithelium

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5
Q

What is the Purpose of the Tongue?

A

Highly muscular, Manipulates food for Mastication,

Taste

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6
Q

What is the Surface of the tongue covered by?

A

Lingual Papillae

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7
Q

What are the 4 Types of Lingual Papillae?

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate

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8
Q

What are the 3 Transport Passages and describe?

A

Pharynx
Oesophagus
Anal Canal
Simple muscular transport tubes, lined with stratified squamous epithelium, some have mucous glands for lubrication

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9
Q

Describe the Mucosa of the Oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (above diaphragm)
Columnar Epithelium (below diaphragm)
Defined Lamina Propria and muscularis mucosae

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10
Q

Describe the Muscularis Externa of the Oesophagus?

A 
Striated Muscle (upper third)
Striated and Smooth muscle (central)
Smooth muscle (lower third)
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11
Q

Describe the Adventitia of the Oesophagus?

A

Layer of Loose connective tissue

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12
Q

What are the 3 Structures of the Digestive tract?

A

Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

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13
Q

What are the 3 Parts of the Small Intestine?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

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14
Q

What are the 4 Parts of the Large Intestine?

A

Caecum, Appendix, Colon, Rectum

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15
Q

Describe the Common Mucosa of the Digestive tract?

A

Inner layer surrounding tract, absorptive and secretory types, formation of complex glands, Intrusions/Inversions

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16
Q

Describe the Epithelium of the 1st Layer Mucosa of the tract?

A

Columnar epithelial cells, Glandular secretions moisten surface

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17
Q

Describe the Lamina Propria of the 1st Layer Mucosa of the tract?

A

Loose Connective tissue, has small blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve fibres, macrophages and lymphocytes

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18
Q

Describe the 2nd Layer Submucosa?

A

Connective Tissue that seperates mucosa from underlying muscle layers, has more neural tissue

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19
Q

What is the name + function of the Neural Tissue in the Submucosa?

A

Submucosal Plexus -regulates contractions and glandular secretions

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20
Q

Describe the 3rd Layer of the Tract the Muscularis Externa?

A

2 layers of Smooth Muscle to allow peristaltic contractions (inner circular compact spiral - outer longitudinal helix)

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21
Q

Where is the Second Nerve plexus located?

A

Between Muscular layers - the Myenteric Plexus

22
Q

Describe the 4th Outermost Layer of the Tract, what are the 2 divisions?

A

Serosa and Adventitia, delimits alimentary canal and covers muscularis

23
Q

Describe the Serosa?

A

Also called Visceral Peritoneum, connective tissue with simple squamous epithelium that lines majority of small + large intestine

24
Q

What Parts of the Intestine(s) does the Serosa not line?

A

Duodenum and Colon

25
What is the Epithelium component of the Serosa?
Mesothelium
26
What is the Mesentary?
A double layer of Visceral Peritoneum
27
Describe the Adventitia?
Layer connected to surrounding tissue made up on fibrous connective tissue
28
What is the Stomach?
Digestive organ and Reservoir
29
What are the 4 Anatomical Regions of the Stomach?
Cardia Fundus Corpus Pylorus
30
Describe the Mucosa of the Stomach?
Muscularis mucosae circular and longitudinal muscle fibres
31
Describe the Muscularis Externa?
3 Layers - Oblique, Circular, Longitudinal
32
Describe the Gastric Mucosa of the Stomach?
Has Columnar Epithelium and Rugae (gastric folds) which are visible when the stomach is empty, Has Gastric pits that shallow surface depressions
33
Describe the Tubular Gastric Glands of the Gastric Mucosa in the Stomach?
Open into gastric pits, occupy entire mucosa and contain mucus producing cells - the mucus forms a sheath to protect against acid
34
Describe the Gastric Glands at Cardiac?
Heavily branched and Mucus producing glands
35
Describe the Principle Glands of the Corpus-Fundic of the Gastric Mucosa?
Mucus neck cells, have Chief cells - zymogenic (produce enzymes) Parietal Cells - oxyntic (secrete acid) Entero-endocrine cells (secretion secretion in other cells)
36
Describe the Pyloric Glands of the Gastric Mucosa?
More coiled than principle glands, no chief cells and more frequent endocrine cells
37
Describe the Mucosa of the Small Intestine?
Contains- Pilicae, Intestinal Villi, Microvilli on enterocytes
38
What does the Plicae of the S.Intestine Mucosa do?
Increase surface area x3 - permanent structure absent at start of duodenum
39
What does the Intestinal Villi of the S.Intestine Mucosa do?
Increase surface area x10 , the main cell type is Enterocytes (absorptive function)
40
What does the Microvilli on Enterocytes do?
Increase Surface area by x20
41
Describe the Tubular glands of the Mucosa of the S.Intestine?
Secrete Intestinal Juice, Paneth cells at base of crypt to secrete/control infection, from base of villi to muscalris
42
Describe the Goblet cells of the Mucosa of the S.Intestine?
Secrete Mucous
43
Describe the Muscularis Mucosae of the Mucosa of the S.Intestine?
2 Layers and extend into Villi
44
Describe the Regeneration of Intestinal Epithelia of the Mucosa of the S.Intestine?
Epithelial cells turnover time 1% a hour, undifferentiated stem cells at base of crypt, divide and move up
45
Describe the Muscularis Externa of the Muscularis layer of the S.Intestine?
Circular and longitudinal layers covered by serosa
46
What is the Purpose of the Large Intestine?
Frames Small intestine and Reabsorbs water and inorganic salts
47
Describe the Mucosa of the L.Intestine?
``` Smooth surface (no plicae or villi) Crpyts of Lieberkuhn Goblet Cells (more numerous) Few endocrine cells Thin Lamina Propria 2 Layers of Muscularis Mucosae ```
48
What does the Serosa of the Large Intestine do?
Forms small pouches filled with adipose along the intestine
49
Describe the Muscularis Externa of the Muscularis layer of the L.Intestine?
Longitudinal muscle layer forms 3 flattened strands
50
Describe 2 Flattened strands of the Muscularis Externa of L.Intestine?
TC - Taenia Coli HC - Haustra coli (sacculations of the colon) Fold in response to contractions

IMS (53 decks)

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