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IMS > Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of Cells in the nervous system?

A

Neurones (nerve cells) and Glial cells (supporting cells)

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2
Q

What types of cells are Neurones?

A

Excitable cells that communicate via chemical and electrical signals

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3
Q

List the 4 Structural Classifications of neurones?

A

Unipolar, Bipolar, Pseudo-unipolar and Multipolar

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4
Q

Describe Structural Classification of Unipolar?

A

Single Projection from Cell body

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5
Q

Describe Structural Classification of Bipolar?

A

2 Projections, Axon and Dendrite from same cell body

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6
Q

Describe Structural Classification of Pseudo-unipolar?

A

Subdivision of Bipolar Neurons

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7
Q

Describe Structural Classification of Multipolar?

A

Multiple projections, 1 Axon rest are Dendrites

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8
Q

What are the 3 Functional Classifications of Neurones?

A

Efferent, Afferent, Interneurons

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9
Q

Describe the Functional Classification of Efferent Neurones?

A

Transmits Information from CNS to effector organs

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10
Q

Describe the Functional Classification of Afferent Neurones?

A

Transmits Sensory info from Sensory Receptors (Outside) or Visceral info from Visceral Receptors (body conditions)

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11
Q

Describe the Functional Classification of Interneurones?

A

Located entirely in CNS go between sensory and effector, carries out brains functions

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12
Q

What does Glial Cells do?

A

Provide Structural integrity for nervous system - (glia=glue)

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13
Q

What are the 5 Types of Glial Cells?

A

Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal, Oligodendrocytes, Schwaan Cells

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14
Q

What does the Astrocyte Cells do?

A

Supports, Provide Nutrients, Maintains BBB

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15
Q

What does Microglia Cells do?

A

Small and Mobile, Provide Macrophages for CNS

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16
Q

What does Ependymal Cells do?

A

Line Cavities and Fluid-filled spaces

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17
Q

What does Oligodendrocytes Cells do?

A

Form myelin round axons in CNS

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18
Q

What does Schwaan Cells do?

A

Form myelin round axons in PNS (myelin for only 1 axon)

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19
Q

What does Peripheral Nervous System(PNS) give rise to?

A

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

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20
Q

What does the Somatic Nervous System give rise to?

A

Sensory and Motor Functions

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21
Q

What does the Autonomic Nervous System give rise to?

A

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems

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22
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

Associated with Voluntary Control of Movement, Communicates info from outside of body

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23
Q

What two types of Nerves serve the SoNS?

A

Afferent- sensory (External info to spinal cord) Efferent- Motor (Muscle Contraction)

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24
Q

What are the Protective Layers of the Brain?

A

Skull, Cranial meninges, BBB, CSF

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25
Q

What are the Protective Layers of the Spinal Cord?

A

Vertebral Column, Spinal Meninges, CSF

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26
Q

What are the 3 Connective Tissues covering the Brain and Spinal Cord?

A

Pia Mater (Inner) Arachnoid Matter (Middle) Dura Mater (Outer)

27
Q

What are the 3 Spaces inbetween the Connective Tissue?

A

Subarachnoid Space, Subdural Space, Epidural Space

28
Q

What is the Cerebrospinal Fluid?

A

Clear colourless liquid found in CNS, Acts as cushion for the cortex, Contains nutrients

29
Q

Where is CSF found and what can it be used for?

A

Choroid Plexus of Brain and for aid diagnosis of diseases

30
Q

What are the 4 Cavities of the Brain Called?

A

Ventricles

31
Q

What is located in the Ventricles?

A

Choroid Plexuses

32
Q

How does the Blood flow To the Brain?

A

Internal Carotid and Vertebral Arteries into Dural Sinuses and empties into Internal Jugular Veins

33
Q

How does the Blood flow To the Spinal Cord?

A

Posterior Intercostal and Lumber Arteries, empties into Posterior Intercostal and Lumbar Veins

34
Q

How do Astrocytes Limit Permeability to/from the CNS?

A

Stimulate endothelial cells to create tight junctions

35
Q

What type of Drugs can pass across BBB?

A

Liphophilic drugs with Lipid Membranes

36
Q

What is contained in the White Matter?

A

Myelinated (fatty so appears white) Neuronal Cells

37
Q

What is contained within the Grey Matter?

A

Neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals

38
Q

What function Occurs in the Grey Matter?

A

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

39
Q

How many pairs of Spinal Nerves are there in the Spinal Cord?

A

31 Pairs

40
Q

What are the 4 sub-divided Areas of the Spinal Cord?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumber, Sacral

41
Q

What does the Grey Matter of the Spinal Cord look like?

A

Butterfly Shaped, White matter on the outside, Grey matter on the Inside with 1 Ventral and 1 Dorsal horn either side

42
Q

Where do Afferent Fibres Terminate in the Spinal cord?

A

Dorsal Horn

43
Q

Where do Efferent Fibres originate in Spinal Cord?

A

Ventral Horn

44
Q

What are the 2 Tracts in the White Matter?

A

Ascending and Descending Tracts - Linking Peripheral Nerves to the Brain

45
Q

What does the Ascending Tract do?

A

Transmits information from the Spinal Cord to the Brain

46
Q

What does the Descending Tract do?

A

Transmits Information from the Brain to the Spinal Cord

47
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain?

A

Forebrain, Cerebellum, Brainstem

48
Q

What are the 2 Hemispheres of the Forebrain?

A

Cerebrum and Diencephalon

49
Q

What are the 3 Sub-divisions of the BrainStem?

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

50
Q

What does the Medulla Oblongata do?

A

Several Centres contain Vital Autonomic Function i.e Breathing

51
Q

What does the Pons do?

A

Acts as a Relay station between hemispheres

52
Q

What does the Midbrain do?

A

Controls Sensory and Motor functions including Eye Movement

53
Q

What is the Reticular Formation?

A

Network of interconnected Nuclei and Reticular activating system, output affects cerebral cortex i.e Awareness, Attention

54
Q

What does the Cerebellum do?

A

Control and Coordination of movement control centre, provides feedback to Brainstem and Cortex

55
Q

What are the 2 structures of the Diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

56
Q

What does the Thalamus do?

A

Processes most sensory information

57
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do?

A

Regulates autonomic, endocrine and visceral functions, connects to limbic system

58
Q

What are the 2 components of the Cerebrum?

A

Deep subcortical nuclei (basal ganglia) and Cerebral Cortex (sulci and gyri grey matter)

59
Q

What are the 4 hemispheres of the Cerebral Cortex?

A
  1. Frontal - Personality
  2. Temporal - Senses
  3. Parietal - Peripheral Sensation
  4. Occipital - Vision
60
Q

What is the Basal Ganglia?

A

Collection of deep nuclei, helps to Initiate and Terminate movements

61
Q

What are the 4 Nuclei Involved with Basal Ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus, Globus Pallidus, Putament, Striatum

62
Q

What is the Limbic System?

A

Generate emotional states and contribute to memory

63
Q

What important structures are in the Limbic System?

A

Amygdala, Hippocampus, Fornix, Cingulate Gyrus

IMS (53 decks)

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