Introduction to Male and Female Reproductive Systems Flashcards
When does Testicular descent happen?
During gestational development in humans
Where is Sperm produced?
Testis
Where is Sperm stored?
Epididymas
Where is the Testis located?
Testis anchored anteriorly by diaphragmatic ligament and posteriorly by Gubernaculum testis
What happens during Testicular descent in Pregnancy?
Body grows, Gubernaculum shrinks, diaphragmatic ligament degenerates and descent through inguinal canal
What is Cryptorchidism?
Absence of one or both testes in the scrotum
What is the Penis composed of? (anatomy)
Root, Shaft, Neck, Head and Urethra runs through into open ducts
What does the Shaft contain?
Corpus Cavernosum and Corpus Spongiosum which are erectile tissues
What does the Base contain?
Attached below pubic symphysis, crura of corpora attached via ligament to bone
What does the Head contain?
Prepuce, Glans penis and external meatus
How does an Erection occur?
Arterial dilation increases blood flow into corpora cavernosa, the turgot reduces venous blood flow by constriction
What and Where is the Bulbourethral glands? (cowpers)
Base of penis, secrete alkaline mucus to lubricate and neutralise urinary acids
Where are the Preputial glands?
Waxy secretion (smegma) between prepuce and glans
Describe the Testes?
-Paired and oval structure, 18ml of sperm
What is the Thick wall of the Testes called?
Tunica Albuginea, encloses cavity divided by septa and each contain coiled seminiferous tubules
Describe function of Seminiferous tubules?
Empty sperm in chamber towards the efferent ducts and stores in the epididymis
What does the Epididymis contain?
Caput, Corpus, Cauda which are involved with sperm maturation
What is process of Sperm Ejaculation?
Sperm leaves epididymis via ductus deferens through the prostate gland and seminal vesicles (semen produced here) and empty into urethra
What is the Prostate gland dependant on?
Androgen hormone - hormone therapy for prostate cancer
Describe the Extra-tubular histology?
Interstitial cells, leydig cells, macrophages and blood vessels surround the testes
Describe Tubular histology of Testes?
Peritubular cells, Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
Describe Intra-tubular histology?
Spermatogonia (outside blood testis barrier), Sertoli cells (somatic) , spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatoza
Describe Sertoli cells?
Attached to base of tubule, s’ogonia lie beneath, have tight junctions between s.cell for the blood-testis barrier
What does immature Spermatozoa do?
Shed into lumen, peristaltic action moves sperm towards testis
What does female Reproductive system consist of?
Vulva (labia minor majora clitoris) Vagina (hymen) Cervix (inter exter os) Uterus Oviducts/Fallopian tube
Describe Structure of Ovary?
Contains folliculogenesis, Germinal epithelium,Tunica albuginea, Ovarian cortex and medulla
Describe Oogeneis?
All germ cells, mitotic activity occurs during foetal life, at completion of mitoses cells enter meiosis but are arrested at diplotene towards germinal vesicle
What happens to dictyate germ cells?
Die by apoptosis in last trimester
When can you tell the Gender of foetus in pregnancy?
By first ovulation when first menses occur - menarche
What is the growth of secondary sexual characteristics?
Breasts and genitalia
Pubic and Axially hair
Where is the female characteristics derived from?
Ovary by oestrogen cells
Where is the male characteristics derived from?
Adrenal by androgen hormones
When does puberty occur?
Age depends on genetics, enviromental and nutritional factors
