Anatomy of the Pelvis

Question 1

What Bones are in the Pelvic Girdle?

Answer 1

Ilium x2 }
Ischium x2 } inominate
Pubis x2 }
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 2

What are the 5 Pelvic borders?

Answer 2

Superior - Pelvic inlet
Inferior - Pelvic diaphragm
Lateral - Hip bones
Anterior - Pubic bones
Posterior - Sacrum and Coccyx

Question 3

What is the Roof of the Pelvic Cavity formed by?

Answer 3

The promontory and Ala of sacrum

Right and left Linea terminal - arcuate and pectineal line

Question 4

What does the Roof of the Pelvic cavity do?

Answer 4

Marks the plane of the pelvic inlet and seperates the True greater pelvis from the False lesser pelvis

Question 5

What does the Pelvic Diaphragm look like?

Answer 5

Hammock-like structure, formed by fascia and muscles

Question 6

What are the Openings of the Pelvic Diaphragm?

Answer 6

Urogenital hiatus for urethra and the Anal canal

Question 7

Where is the Pelvic Diaphragm?

Answer 7

• Suspended above pelvic outlet
• Descends centrally to level of pelvic outlet
• Superior border of perineum

Question 8

What are the Pelvic Diaphragm muscles?

Answer 8

Ischiococcygeus (between ischial spine and sacrum)
Levator ani (muscular sheet)

Question 9

What are the 3 Parts of the Levator Ani muscles?

Answer 9

Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis

Question 10

What does the Levator Ani muscles Assist the human body with?

Answer 10

Maintaining continence and resisting pressure during coughing,sneezing
Relaxes during urination

Question 11

What is the difference between the Male and Female Pelvis?

Answer 11

The female sacrum is wider, coccyx more movable, GSC wide and shallow, the pelvic inlet is wider and oval (male is heart-shaped)

Question 12

What are the 3 Types of Pelvic Ligaments?

Answer 12

Articular - fibrous tissue joins bones
Peritoneal - Folds of peritoneal membrane
Foetal Remnants - remains of tubular structure

Question 13

Where do the Articular Ligaments of pelvis join the girdle at the Joints?

Answer 13

Lumbosacral Joint - ilolumbar and lumbosacral
Sacrococcygeal Joint - sacrococcygeal
Sacroiliac Joint - sacroiliac
Pubic Symphysis - pubic

Question 14

Where do the Articular Ligaments of pelvis join the girdle at the Elsewhere?

Answer 14

Inguinal - ASIS to pubic tubercle (basis inguinal canal)
Sacrospinous - Ischial spine to sacrum
Sacrotuberous - Ischial Tuberosity to sarcum (both create foramina and prevent rotation)

Question 15

What are the 3 Structures passing through the Pelvic Foramina?

Answer 15

1. Greater Sciatic Foramen (GSC- piriformis muscle, gluteal + pudendal vessels, sciatic nerve)
2. Lesser Sciatic Foramen (tendon of obturator internus, pudendal vessels and nerves)
3. Obturator Foramen (obturator canal formed by membrane, nerves and vessels)

Question 16

What is the Peritoneum?

Answer 16

Serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity

Consists of Mesothelial and Areolar connective tissue

Question 17

What does the Peritoneum cover?

Answer 17

Organs found in pelvic cavity, most asre sub/infraperitoneal

Exception: uterine tubes and overies suspended by mesentery

Question 18

What are the 3 Peritoneal Reflections/pouches?

Answer 18

Rectouterine Pouch of doughlas - between rectum and uterus
Uterovescial Pouch- bladder and uterus
Rectovesical pouch (MALE)
Pus and Pathological fluid can drain into these pouches