Tissues - Chapter 5 Notes

Question 1

a group of cells that have a common structure and function

Answer 1

tissue

Question 2

four major types of tissues in the human body

Answer 2

epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve

Question 3

points of contact between the plasma membranes of cells

Answer 3

cell junctions

Question 4

3 types of cell junctions

Answer 4

tight function
anchoring junction
Gap junction

Question 5

fluid tight cells

Answer 5

tight junction

Question 6

hold cells to other cells or other structures

Answer 6

anchoring junction

Question 7

permits electrical and chemical signals to pass from cell to cell

Answer 7

gap junction

Question 9

location of anchoring junction

Answer 9

outer layer of skin, muscles, gastrointestinal tract

Question 10

location of gap junction

Answer 10

parts of nervous system, cardiac muscles

Question 11

where are anchoring junctions common

Answer 11

in tissues subjected to friction and stretching

Question 12

____________ do not have gap junction and therefore they cannot communicate with one another. As a result, _________ is not controlled.

Answer 12

Cancer cells, cell division

Question 13

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: Functions

Answer 13

protection, diffusion, absorption, secretion

Question 14

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: Fastest or slowest mitotic/replication rate

Answer 14

fastest

Question 15

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: mostly cells and __________ extracellular fluid (matrix)

Answer 15

very little

Question 16

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: vascular or avascular

Answer 16

avascular

Question 17

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: have a ________ supply

Answer 17

nerve

Question 18

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: these tissues contain the most ____________

Answer 18

cell junctions

Question 19

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: tissues can be arranged in single layer or multiple layers.
Single layer of cells is called ___________
Multiple layer of cells is called ________
Having a mixture of cell shapes in one layer is called _____________ (appears multilayered but is not)

Answer 19

simple, stratified, pseudostratified

Question 20

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: cell shapes can be varied (____________, __________, __________)

Answer 20

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 21

thin flat cells in EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Answer 21

squamous

Question 22

cells that are as tall as wide in EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Answer 22

cuboidal

Question 23

cells that are taller than they are wide in EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Answer 23

columnar

Question 24

cells that can change shape due to tension in EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Answer 24

transitional

Question 25

____________ can replace itself quicker than any tissue

Answer 25

epithelial

Question 26

the fluid in between the spaces in cells

Answer 26

extracellular/intercellular fluid

Question 27

Epithelial tissue is usually referred to as ____________ because it lines the inside and outside of all structures in the body

Answer 27

lining tissue

Question 28

epithelial tissue firmly adheres to the connective tissue just beneath it by a membrane called a ______________-

Answer 28

basement membrane

Question 29

The shapes of the epithelial cells and the layering of epithelial cells usually tell the function(s) of epithelial tissue a) Simple squamous ------- b) Simple cuboidal or simple columnar ------- c) Stratified squamous, cuboidal, or columnar-------

Answer 29

a) diffusion b) absorption and secretion, possible protection depending on what the cells secrete c) protection, absorption, and secretion

Question 30

____________ are composed of epithelial cells and therefore are considered epithelial tissue

Answer 30

glands

Question 31

can be one cell or a group of highly specialized cells that secrete substances into and through ducts to the surface of a structure/organ/tissue or secretes substances into the bloodstream

Answer 31

gland

Question 32

1) Glands are composed of ________ 2) There are 2 types of glands in the human body: ________ & ________

Answer 32

epithelial cells endocrine and exocrine

Question 33

secretes their substance into the bloodstream (ductless)

Answer 33

endocrine glands

Question 34

examples of endocrine glands

Answer 34

thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, hypothalamus, pineal, etc...

Question 35

secrete their substance into and through a duct to the surface of a structure/organs/tissue

Answer 35

exocrine glands

Question 36

examples of exocrine glands

Answer 36

sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous, salivary

Question 37

All glands _____________

Answer 37

secrete something

Question 38

Ex means

Answer 38

exit

Question 39

if it secretes it from a duct to a surface, then its an __________-

Answer 39

exocrine gland

Question 40

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: functions include

Answer 40

protection, give body structure, hemopoiesis, energy storage mineral storage, body temperature homeostasis, binds organs together, carries oxygen, immune system, blood clotting

Question 41

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: ________ replication rate than epithelial cells but the cells do replicate

Answer 41

slower

Question 42

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Less cells but much more _________ than epithelial tissue

Answer 42

matrix

Question 43

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: some connective tissue is _________, but some are ___________

Answer 43

vascular, avascular

Question 44

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: most have a ______ supply, some do nto

Answer 44

nerve

Question 45

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: fewest __________

Answer 45

cell junctions

Question 46

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: ______________ vary depending on specific type of tissue

Answer 46

shapes of cells

Question 47

most abundant tissue in the human body

Answer 47

connective tissue

Question 48

there are many different type of connective tissue:

Answer 48

bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, adipose, blood

Question 49

CONNECTIVE TISSUE: each different type of specific tissue has its own unique cell _____ and cells _______

Answer 49

shapes, functions

Question 50

connective tissue consists of three basic units

Answer 50

cells, ground substance, fibers

Question 51

together the ground substance and the fibers make what is called the

Answer 51

matrix

Question 52

the _______ within the matrix give the tissue strength and support

Answer 52

fibers

Question 53

composed of the protein collagen, they are very strong, resistant to stretching but are a little flexible, found in bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage

Answer 53

collagen fibers

Question 54

composed of the protein elastin, provide strenth and flexibility through its ability to stretch, found in skin, blood vessels, lungs

Answer 54

elastic fibers

Question 55

very thin collagenous fibers that provide structural support around adipose, nerves, and muscle fibers

Answer 55

reticular fibers

Question 56

always present in stable numbers

Answer 56

fixed cells

Question 57

appear in tissue temporarily usually in response to infection or injury

Answer 57

wandering cells

Question 58

cells that produce fibers that go into matric

Answer 58

fibroblasts

Question 59

produce histamine associated with inflammation and allergies, also produce heparin which prevents blood from clotting

Answer 59

mast cells

Question 60

function in phagocytosis and are in a fixed number in certain tissues

Answer 60

macrophages

Question 61

originates as leukocytes and are specialized to carry out phagocytosis

Answer 61

macrophages

Question 62

type of wandering cells in connective tissue

Answer 62

macrophages

Question 63

three different types of cartilage

Answer 63

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 64

ends of long bones, growth plates, notse, rings within repiratory passages, costal cartilages

Answer 64

hyaline

Question 65

intervertebral discs, meniscie, pubis symphasis

Answer 65

fibrocartilage

Question 66

ears, part of larynx

Answer 66

elastic