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Anatomy Honors > Tissues - Chapter 5 Notes > Flashcards

Tissues - Chapter 5 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

a group of cells that have a common structure and function

A

tissue

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2
Q

four major types of tissues in the human body

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve

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3
Q

points of contact between the plasma membranes of cells

A

cell junctions

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4
Q

3 types of cell junctions

A

tight function
anchoring junction
Gap junction

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5
Q

fluid tight cells

A

tight junction

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6
Q

hold cells to other cells or other structures

A

anchoring junction

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7
Q

permits electrical and chemical signals to pass from cell to cell

A

gap junction

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

location of anchoring junction

A

outer layer of skin, muscles, gastrointestinal tract

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10
Q

location of gap junction

A

parts of nervous system, cardiac muscles

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11
Q

where are anchoring junctions common

A

in tissues subjected to friction and stretching

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12
Q

____________ do not have gap junction and therefore they cannot communicate with one another. As a result, _________ is not controlled.

A

Cancer cells, cell division

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13
Q

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: Functions

A

protection, diffusion, absorption, secretion

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14
Q

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: Fastest or slowest mitotic/replication rate

A

fastest

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15
Q

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: mostly cells and __________ extracellular fluid (matrix)

A

very little

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16
Q

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: vascular or avascular

A

avascular

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17
Q

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: have a ________ supply

A

nerve

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18
Q

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: these tissues contain the most ____________

A

cell junctions

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19
Q

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: tissues can be arranged in single layer or multiple layers.
Single layer of cells is called ___________
Multiple layer of cells is called ________
Having a mixture of cell shapes in one layer is called _____________ (appears multilayered but is not)

A

simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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20
Q

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: cell shapes can be varied (____________, __________, __________)

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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21
Q

thin flat cells in EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

squamous

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22
Q

cells that are as tall as wide in EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

cuboidal

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23
Q

cells that are taller than they are wide in EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

columnar

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24
Q

cells that can change shape due to tension in EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

transitional

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25
Q

____________ can replace itself quicker than any tissue

A

epithelial

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26
Q

the fluid in between the spaces in cells

A

extracellular/intercellular fluid

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27
Q

Epithelial tissue is usually referred to as ____________ because it lines the inside and outside of all structures in the body

A

lining tissue

28
Q

epithelial tissue firmly adheres to the connective tissue just beneath it by a membrane called a ______________-

A

basement membrane

29
Q

The shapes of the epithelial cells and the layering of epithelial cells usually tell the function(s) of epithelial tissue
a) Simple squamous ——-
b) Simple cuboidal or simple columnar ——-
c) Stratified squamous, cuboidal, or columnar——-

A

a) diffusion
b) absorption and secretion, possible protection depending on what the cells secrete
c) protection, absorption, and secretion

30
Q

____________ are composed of epithelial cells and therefore are considered epithelial tissue

A

glands

31
Q

can be one cell or a group of highly specialized cells that secrete substances into and through ducts to the surface of a structure/organ/tissue or secretes substances into the bloodstream

A

gland

32
Q

1) Glands are composed of ________
2) There are 2 types of glands in the human body: ________ & ________

A

epithelial cells
endocrine and exocrine

33
Q

secretes their substance into the bloodstream (ductless)

A

endocrine glands

34
Q

examples of endocrine glands

A

thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, hypothalamus, pineal, etc…

35
Q

secrete their substance into and through a duct to the surface of a structure/organs/tissue

A

exocrine glands

36
Q

examples of exocrine glands

A

sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous, salivary

37
Q

All glands _____________

A

secrete something

38
Q

Ex means

A

exit

39
Q

if it secretes it from a duct to a surface, then its an __________-

A

exocrine gland

40
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: functions include

A

protection, give body structure, hemopoiesis, energy storage mineral storage, body temperature homeostasis, binds organs together, carries oxygen, immune system, blood clotting

41
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: ________ replication rate than epithelial cells but the cells do replicate

A

slower

42
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Less cells but much more _________ than epithelial tissue

A

matrix

43
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: some connective tissue is _________, but some are ___________

A

vascular, avascular

44
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: most have a ______ supply, some do nto

A

nerve

45
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: fewest __________

A

cell junctions

46
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: ______________ vary depending on specific type of tissue

A

shapes of cells

47
Q

most abundant tissue in the human body

A

connective tissue

48
Q

there are many different type of connective tissue:

A

bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, adipose, blood

49
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE: each different type of specific tissue has its own unique cell _____ and cells _______

A

shapes, functions

50
Q

connective tissue consists of three basic units

A

cells, ground substance, fibers

51
Q

together the ground substance and the fibers make what is called the

A

matrix

52
Q

the _______ within the matrix give the tissue strength and support

A

fibers

53
Q

composed of the protein collagen, they are very strong, resistant to stretching but are a little flexible, found in bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage

A

collagen fibers

54
Q

composed of the protein elastin, provide strenth and flexibility through its ability to stretch, found in skin, blood vessels, lungs

A

elastic fibers

55
Q

very thin collagenous fibers that provide structural support around adipose, nerves, and muscle fibers

A

reticular fibers

56
Q

always present in stable numbers

A

fixed cells

57
Q

appear in tissue temporarily usually in response to infection or injury

A

wandering cells

58
Q

cells that produce fibers that go into matric

A

fibroblasts

59
Q

produce histamine associated with inflammation and allergies, also produce heparin which prevents blood from clotting

A

mast cells

60
Q

function in phagocytosis and are in a fixed number in certain tissues

A

macrophages

61
Q

originates as leukocytes and are specialized to carry out phagocytosis

A

macrophages

62
Q

type of wandering cells in connective tissue

A

macrophages

63
Q

three different types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

64
Q

ends of long bones, growth plates, notse, rings within repiratory passages, costal cartilages

A

hyaline

65
Q

intervertebral discs, meniscie, pubis symphasis

A

fibrocartilage

66
Q

ears, part of larynx

A

elastic

67
Q
A

Anatomy Honors (34 decks)

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