Tissues - Chapter 5 Notes Flashcards
a group of cells that have a common structure and function
tissue
four major types of tissues in the human body
epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve
points of contact between the plasma membranes of cells
cell junctions
3 types of cell junctions
tight function
anchoring junction
Gap junction
fluid tight cells
tight junction
hold cells to other cells or other structures
anchoring junction
permits electrical and chemical signals to pass from cell to cell
gap junction
location of anchoring junction
outer layer of skin, muscles, gastrointestinal tract
location of gap junction
parts of nervous system, cardiac muscles
where are anchoring junctions common
in tissues subjected to friction and stretching
____________ do not have gap junction and therefore they cannot communicate with one another. As a result, _________ is not controlled.
Cancer cells, cell division
Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: Functions
protection, diffusion, absorption, secretion
Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: Fastest or slowest mitotic/replication rate
fastest
Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: mostly cells and __________ extracellular fluid (matrix)
very little
Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: vascular or avascular
avascular
Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: have a ________ supply
nerve
Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: these tissues contain the most ____________
cell junctions
Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: tissues can be arranged in single layer or multiple layers.
Single layer of cells is called ___________
Multiple layer of cells is called ________
Having a mixture of cell shapes in one layer is called _____________ (appears multilayered but is not)
simple, stratified, pseudostratified
Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: cell shapes can be varied (____________, __________, __________)
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
thin flat cells in EPITHELIAL TISSUE
squamous
cells that are as tall as wide in EPITHELIAL TISSUE
cuboidal
cells that are taller than they are wide in EPITHELIAL TISSUE
columnar
cells that can change shape due to tension in EPITHELIAL TISSUE
transitional
____________ can replace itself quicker than any tissue
epithelial
the fluid in between the spaces in cells
extracellular/intercellular fluid
Epithelial tissue is usually referred to as ____________ because it lines the inside and outside of all structures in the body
lining tissue
epithelial tissue firmly adheres to the connective tissue just beneath it by a membrane called a ______________-
basement membrane
The shapes of the epithelial cells and the layering of epithelial cells usually tell the function(s) of epithelial tissue
a) Simple squamous ——-
b) Simple cuboidal or simple columnar ——-
c) Stratified squamous, cuboidal, or columnar——-
a) diffusion
b) absorption and secretion, possible protection depending on what the cells secrete
c) protection, absorption, and secretion
____________ are composed of epithelial cells and therefore are considered epithelial tissue
glands
can be one cell or a group of highly specialized cells that secrete substances into and through ducts to the surface of a structure/organ/tissue or secretes substances into the bloodstream
gland
1) Glands are composed of ________
2) There are 2 types of glands in the human body: ________ & ________
epithelial cells
endocrine and exocrine
secretes their substance into the bloodstream (ductless)
endocrine glands
examples of endocrine glands
thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, hypothalamus, pineal, etc…
secrete their substance into and through a duct to the surface of a structure/organs/tissue
exocrine glands
examples of exocrine glands
sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous, salivary
All glands _____________
secrete something
Ex means
exit
if it secretes it from a duct to a surface, then its an __________-
exocrine gland
CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: functions include
protection, give body structure, hemopoiesis, energy storage mineral storage, body temperature homeostasis, binds organs together, carries oxygen, immune system, blood clotting
CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: ________ replication rate than epithelial cells but the cells do replicate
slower
CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Less cells but much more _________ than epithelial tissue
matrix
CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: some connective tissue is _________, but some are ___________
vascular, avascular
CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: most have a ______ supply, some do nto
nerve
CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: fewest __________
cell junctions
CONNECTIVE TISSUE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: ______________ vary depending on specific type of tissue
shapes of cells
most abundant tissue in the human body
connective tissue
there are many different type of connective tissue:
bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, adipose, blood
CONNECTIVE TISSUE: each different type of specific tissue has its own unique cell _____ and cells _______
shapes, functions
connective tissue consists of three basic units
cells, ground substance, fibers
together the ground substance and the fibers make what is called the
matrix
the _______ within the matrix give the tissue strength and support
fibers
composed of the protein collagen, they are very strong, resistant to stretching but are a little flexible, found in bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage
collagen fibers
composed of the protein elastin, provide strenth and flexibility through its ability to stretch, found in skin, blood vessels, lungs
elastic fibers
very thin collagenous fibers that provide structural support around adipose, nerves, and muscle fibers
reticular fibers
always present in stable numbers
fixed cells
appear in tissue temporarily usually in response to infection or injury
wandering cells
cells that produce fibers that go into matric
fibroblasts
produce histamine associated with inflammation and allergies, also produce heparin which prevents blood from clotting
mast cells
function in phagocytosis and are in a fixed number in certain tissues
macrophages
originates as leukocytes and are specialized to carry out phagocytosis
macrophages
type of wandering cells in connective tissue
macrophages
three different types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
ends of long bones, growth plates, notse, rings within repiratory passages, costal cartilages
hyaline
intervertebral discs, meniscie, pubis symphasis
fibrocartilage
ears, part of larynx
elastic
