Muscular System Notes Flashcards
1
Q
What are the four functions of muscle tissues?
A
1) to contract to produce force for motion
2) thermogenesis
3) stabilizes body positions
4) regulates organ volume
2
Q
What is the main function of muscle tissue?
A
TO CONTRACT TO PRODUCE FORCE FOR MOTION
3
Q
What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?
A
excitable, extensible, elastic, conduction, and contractile
4
Q
can receive and react to nerve impulses
A
excitable
5
Q
can be stretched and then rebound to the original shape
A
elastic
6
Q
can stretch
A
extensible
7
Q
can relay nerve impulses to connecting muscle fibers
A
conduction
8
Q
can shorten to produce force when stimulated
A
contractile
9
Q
True or False: There are over 900 skeletal muscles in the human body
A
FALSE, 650
10
Q
True or False: Muscles constitute approximately 45-55% of your total body weight.
A
FALSE, 40-50%
11
Q
True or False: There are 3 types of muscle; Skeletal, Cardiac, and ROUGH
A
FALSE, There are 3, skeletal Cardiac and SMOOTH (Visceral)
12
Q
True or False: Muscle tissue is composed of ALL 4 types of tissues: muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue
A
TRUE
13
Q
True or False: Muscle tissue is the most AVASCULAR tissues in the body
A
FALSE, vascular
14
Q
True or False: ATP is necessary for muscle contraction and relaxation
A
TRUE
15
Q
True or False: Muscle cells are more often called Muscle Fibers
A
TRUE
16
Q
True or False: Blood vessels in muscles CONTRACT when you begin to exercise increasing blood flow to the muscle
A
FALSE, DILATE
17
Q
What do the shades of muscle tell?
A
How much the muscle is used, the more red or dark the more it was used and vice versa.
18
Q
3 origins
A
triceps
19
Q
2 origins
A
biceps
20
Q
4 origins
A
quadriceps
21
Q
increase in circumference
A
dilate
22
Q
Is a muscle fiber still a singular cell?
A
yes
23
Q
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? muscles attached to bone
A
skeletal
24
Q
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? muscle in the heart
A
cardiac
25
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? located in the walls of hollow internal structures like blood vessels, stomach, and intestines
smooth
26
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? voluntary
skeletal
27
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? striated
skeletal and cardiac
28
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? cell shape--- branching cells
cardiac
29
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? spindle shaped cells
smooth
30
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? cell shape --- elongated, cylindrical cells
skeletal
31
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? have intercalated discs
cardiac
32
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? multinucleated 000 nuclei found on periphery
skeletal
33
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? involuntary (SA node and AV node control heartbeat)
Cardiac
34
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? involuntary
Cardiac and smooth
35
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? single nucleus
cardiac
36
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth?autorhythmiticity (built in pacemaker)
cardiac
37
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? non-striated
smooth
38
Skeletal, Cardiac, or Smooth? single centrally located nucleus
smooth
39
fibers: striated, tubular, and multi nucleated
voluntary
usually attached to skeleton
skeletal muscle
40
Fibers: non-striated, spindle-shaped, and uninucleated
Involuntary
Usually covering wall of internal organs
Smooth muscle
41
Fibers: striated, branched and unincucleated
Involuntary
Only covering walls of heart
Cardiac muscle
42
the area where the motor neuron and the muscle fiber come together
neuromuscular junction
43
a __________ is used to cross the synapse and carry the message from the motor neuron to muscle to tell the muscle to contract
neurotransmitter
44
one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls
motor unit
45
the ________ is composed of many motor units of different sizes, so only the units stimulated will contract.
whole skeletal muscle
46
Each different size motor unit will have its own size ________________.
threshold stimulus
47
the amount of oxygen liver cells require to convert lactic acid back into glucose, plus the amount of oxygen required for muscle fibers to restore ATP and creatine phosphate supplies in the muscle fiber, and other body tissues.
oxygen debt
48
a person in is ___________ after strenuous exercise
oxygen debt
49
when a muscle loses its ability to contract
muscle fatigue
50
Causes for fatigue
loss, decrease, or interruption in blood supply
accumulation of lactic acid in muscle fiber
lack of ach-- this rarely happens
decreased ATP in muscle
altered electrolyte levels
51
when a muscle fiber is stimulated it contracts fully as hard and as fast as it can, but if the muscle fiber is not stimulated it will not contract at all (no partial contractions)
all-or-none response
52
the minimal strength of stimulation needed to cause a muscle fiber to contract
threshold stimulus
53
when a motor neuron's threshold is met it will relay the ________ to all the muscle fibers in its motor unit.
nerve impulses
54
increased number of motor units stimulated due to the intensity of the overall stimulation
recruitment of motor units
55
not only the low threshold motor neurons are stimulated but the higher threshold motor neurons are stimulated when a __________ is sent, therefore more motor units stimulated to contract.
high intensity stimulus
56
Materials needed for muscles to make ATP
oxygen
glucose or glycogen
Creatine phosphate (Phosphate) (ADP --> ATP)
57
Energy needed for skeletal muscle contractions come from: (KNOW THE ORDER!!!)
1. Small amount of ATP is made and stored in muscle
2. Creatine phosphate --- Changes ADP to ATP
3. Glycolysis --- Only small amount of ATP made this way
4. Cellular Respiration if there is enough oxygen.
58
Waste products produced as a result of muscle contraction.
heat
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
59
ways the body increases flow of oxygen rich blood to working muscles:
1. increased blood flow to working muscles because of dilation of blood vessels
2. diversion of blood flow from organs and other non-working muscles to working muscles
3. increased blood flow from heart --- heart beats faster
4. increased rate and depth of breathing and this puts more oxygen in blood
60
What are the broad kinds of skeletal muscle fibers?
fast twitch and slow twitch
61
Most skeletal muscles of the body are a mixture of what?
fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibers
62
Muscles may be called red or white depending on ________.
composition
63
RED muscles --
more myoglobin, mitochondria, and blood capillaries
64
WHITE muscles --
less of all three myoglobin, mitochondria, and blood capillaries
65
do red or white muscles have more of myoglobin mitochondria, and blood capillaries and which have less
Red have more and White have less
66
Skeletal muscles contract and relax with different ____________
velocities
67
Skeletal muscles contract and relax with different velocities, depends on how fast the _____________.
muscle splits ATP
68
Three types of Skeletal muscles
a) slow oxidative fibers (Type I)
b) fast oxidative fibers (Type IIA)
c) fast glycolytic fibers (Type IIB)
69
Scientific name for Type I
slow oxidative fibers
70
scientific name for Type IIA
fast oxidative fibers
71
scientific name for Type IIB
fast glycolytic fibers
72
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: smallest in diameter
Type I
73
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: intermediate in diameter of the three
Type IIA
74
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: largest in diameter
Type IIB
75
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: highest content of myoglobin, mitochondria, and blood capillaries
Type I
76
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: lowest content of myoglobin, mitochondria, and blood capillaries
Type IIB
77
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: "in the middle" content of myoglobin, mitochondria, and blood capillaries
Type IIA
78
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: classified as red in color
type I, type IIA
79
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: classified as white in color, really just lighter red in color in body
Type IIB
80
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: Produces ATP aerobically (cellular respiration)
Type I, Type IIA
81
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: Produces ATP anaerobically (glycolysis)
Type IIB
82
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: splits ATP slowly therefore slow contraction velocity
Type I
83
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: splits ATP rapidly so fast contraction velocity
Type IIA
84
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: splits ATP fast! Very fast and strong contractions
Type IIB
85
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: fatigue resistant
Type I
86
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: moderately fatigue resistant
Type IIA
87
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: highly fatigable
Type IIB
88
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: use when jogging and used when sprinting
Type IIA
89
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: muscle used in aerobic activities (posture muscles)
Type I
90
Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB: rapid intense movements (heavy weightlifting, sprinting)
Type IIB
