Biology Chapter 8 Test Flashcards
What consists of an adenine, a 5 carbon sugar called ribose, and 3 phosphate groups.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
When the bond between the second and third phosphate groups are broken, what is created?
ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
What kind of energy powers movements by providing power to muscles and other structures?
biochemical energy
TRUE OR FALSE: ATP is a great way of transferring energy, but not storing large amounts of energy over long periods of time.
True
What are organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things?
heterotrophs
What are organisms that are capable of making their own food?
autotrophs
Where does nearly all the energy in all food molecules come from?
The sun
What is the process in which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches) which can be used as food?
photosynthesis
What are light absorbing molecules called?
photosynthetic pigments
Where are chlorophyll pigments located?
in the thylakoid membranes
What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light energy?
it causes the electrons to be energized
How do electrons become energized?
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy.
What is a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule?
electron carrier (NADP+).
What is the job of NADP+?
It accepts and hold 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+).
What happens when NADP+ accepts and hold 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+)?
NADP+ becomes NADPH and some of the energy from sunlight is trapped into a chemical form.
What is the process in which an organism uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide (reactants) into high-energy 6 carbon sugars and oxygen (products)?
photosynthesis
What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Six carbon dioxide molecules react with six water molecules using the sun’s energy in the presence of chlorophyll to produce one glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules.
What is the first set of reaction that takes place in the thylakoid membrane?
light dependent reactions
What are the products of light dependent reactions?
ATP, NADPH, and oxygen
What are the products of light independent reactions?
NADP+, ADP + P, sugars (starch, cellulose, glucose)
Which reaction uses energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert NADP+ into the energy carriers NADPH and ATP?
Light dependent reaction
What are clusters of chlorophyll and proteins in the thylakoid membrane called?
Photosystem II
What is the movement of the H+ ion across the membrane that causes ATP synthase to spin and bind a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP?
Chemiosmosis
What is the process in which ATP and NADPH from Light Dependent Reactions is used to create high energy sugars in the stroma of the chloroplast?
Light Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle
What diagram consists of adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups grouped together?
ATP
What part of the chloroplast is the single membrane that can be referred to as a pancake of sorts?
The thylakoid membrane
What part of the chloroplast is the “outside” which surrounds the thylakoid stacks?
stroma
What part of the chloroplast consists of several thylakoids stacked together?
the granum
What part of the chloroplast is outside of the stroma layer?
chloroplast (membrane)
What is the photosynthesis balanced chemical equation in diagram form?
6CO2 + 6H2O SUNLIGHT C6H12O6 +6O2
Autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates -sugars and starches= that can be used as food.
Photosynthesis
The primary difference in the structures of ATP and ADP is that ATP had ________ phosphate groups and ADP has ________ phosphate groups.
three, two
One way cells use the energy provided by ATP is to
carry out active transport
What are saclike photosynthetic membranes
thylakoids
what are interconnected and stacked thylakoid
granum
what is the fluid portion of the chloroplast around the thylakoids
the stroma
What are the reactants in light dependent reactions?
H2O, NADP+, and ADP
What is released as a byproduct in LDR?
oxygen
Products of LDR?
ATP and NADPH
Reactants of Light Independent Reactions?
ATP and NADPH
LIR take place where?
In the stroma outside of the thylakoids.
Products of LIR?
glucose, NADP+ and H2O
the compound used by cells to store and release energy in order for the cell to do mechanical functions
ATP
The diagram with all three phosphate groups together
ATP
The diagram with two phosphate groups
ADP
The diagram with three phosphate groups, however one is broken off from the others.
ATP/ADP Molecule Diagram
It powers movement through providing power to muscles and other structures.
Biochemical Energy
photosynthetic organelles - chlorophyll pigments are found where
chloroplasts, thylakoid membranes
What process uses energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH?
Light Dependent Reactions
Hydrogen Ion movement and ATP Formation
LDR
What step of the Calvin Cycle is this process:
Carbon Fixation
Step 1
What step of the Calvin Cycle is this process:
“Regeneration”, beginning the cycle once again
Step 4
What step of the Calvin Cycle is this process:
…transported from chloroplast to make glucose, where starches will be made, rubisco, etc.
Step 3
What step of the Calvin Cycle is this process: 12 C3, 12 ATP, 12 ADP, 12 NADPH, 12 NADP+
Step 2
What helps make ATP?
ETC (electron transport chain)
H2O, NADP+, and ADP, are all reactants of Photosystem II, in light-dependent reactions. What is the energy source?
(sun) light
What connects Photosystems I and II?
the electron transport chain (ETC)
What does Photosystem I in light-dependent reactions, produce?
NADPH and ATP
ATP and NADPH, released from LDR, then go into what?
Light independent reactions, aka “The Calvin Cycle.”
LIR release what, which then flows back into Photosystem II from LDR, starting the process all over again?
NADP+ and ADP
What is the “byproduct” of light-independent reaction?
glucose (C6H12O6)
THIS ENTIRE PROCESS TAKES PLACE WHERE?
The thylakoids, granum, and most importantly the STROMA IN THE CHLOROPLAST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YOU ARE DOING SO GREAT!!!!!!!!
YOU TOTALLY GOT THIS GIRL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
