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Anatomy Honors > Biology Chapter 8 Test > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 8 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What consists of an adenine, a 5 carbon sugar called ribose, and 3 phosphate groups.

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

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2
Q

When the bond between the second and third phosphate groups are broken, what is created?

A

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

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3
Q

What kind of energy powers movements by providing power to muscles and other structures?

A

biochemical energy

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: ATP is a great way of transferring energy, but not storing large amounts of energy over long periods of time.

A

True

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5
Q

What are organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things?

A

heterotrophs

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6
Q

What are organisms that are capable of making their own food?

A

autotrophs

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7
Q

Where does nearly all the energy in all food molecules come from?

A

The sun

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8
Q

What is the process in which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches) which can be used as food?

A

photosynthesis

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9
Q

What are light absorbing molecules called?

A

photosynthetic pigments

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10
Q

Where are chlorophyll pigments located?

A

in the thylakoid membranes

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11
Q

What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light energy?

A

it causes the electrons to be energized

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12
Q

How do electrons become energized?

A

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy.

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13
Q

What is a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule?

A

electron carrier (NADP+).

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14
Q

What is the job of NADP+?

A

It accepts and hold 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+).

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15
Q

What happens when NADP+ accepts and hold 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+)?

A

NADP+ becomes NADPH and some of the energy from sunlight is trapped into a chemical form.

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16
Q

What is the process in which an organism uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide (reactants) into high-energy 6 carbon sugars and oxygen (products)?

A

photosynthesis

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17
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

Six carbon dioxide molecules react with six water molecules using the sun’s energy in the presence of chlorophyll to produce one glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules.

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18
Q

What is the first set of reaction that takes place in the thylakoid membrane?

A

light dependent reactions

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19
Q

What are the products of light dependent reactions?

A

ATP, NADPH, and oxygen

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20
Q

What are the products of light independent reactions?

A

NADP+, ADP + P, sugars (starch, cellulose, glucose)

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21
Q

Which reaction uses energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert NADP+ into the energy carriers NADPH and ATP?

A

Light dependent reaction

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22
Q

What are clusters of chlorophyll and proteins in the thylakoid membrane called?

A

Photosystem II

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23
Q

What is the movement of the H+ ion across the membrane that causes ATP synthase to spin and bind a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP?

A

Chemiosmosis

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24
Q

What is the process in which ATP and NADPH from Light Dependent Reactions is used to create high energy sugars in the stroma of the chloroplast?

A

Light Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle

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25
Q

What diagram consists of adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups grouped together?

A

ATP

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26
Q

What part of the chloroplast is the single membrane that can be referred to as a pancake of sorts?

A

The thylakoid membrane

27
Q

What part of the chloroplast is the “outside” which surrounds the thylakoid stacks?

A

stroma

28
Q

What part of the chloroplast consists of several thylakoids stacked together?

A

the granum

29
Q

What part of the chloroplast is outside of the stroma layer?

A

chloroplast (membrane)

30
Q

What is the photosynthesis balanced chemical equation in diagram form?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O SUNLIGHT C6H12O6 +6O2

31
Q

Autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates -sugars and starches= that can be used as food.

A

Photosynthesis

32
Q

The primary difference in the structures of ATP and ADP is that ATP had ________ phosphate groups and ADP has ________ phosphate groups.

A

three, two

33
Q

One way cells use the energy provided by ATP is to

A

carry out active transport

34
Q

What are saclike photosynthetic membranes

A

thylakoids

35
Q

what are interconnected and stacked thylakoid

A

granum

36
Q

what is the fluid portion of the chloroplast around the thylakoids

A

the stroma

37
Q

What are the reactants in light dependent reactions?

A

H2O, NADP+, and ADP

38
Q

What is released as a byproduct in LDR?

A

oxygen

39
Q

Products of LDR?

A

ATP and NADPH

40
Q

Reactants of Light Independent Reactions?

A

ATP and NADPH

41
Q

LIR take place where?

A

In the stroma outside of the thylakoids.

42
Q

Products of LIR?

A

glucose, NADP+ and H2O

43
Q

the compound used by cells to store and release energy in order for the cell to do mechanical functions

A

ATP

44
Q

The diagram with all three phosphate groups together

A

ATP

45
Q

The diagram with two phosphate groups

A

ADP

46
Q

The diagram with three phosphate groups, however one is broken off from the others.

A

ATP/ADP Molecule Diagram

47
Q

It powers movement through providing power to muscles and other structures.

A

Biochemical Energy

48
Q

photosynthetic organelles - chlorophyll pigments are found where

A

chloroplasts, thylakoid membranes

49
Q

What process uses energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH?

A

Light Dependent Reactions

50
Q

Hydrogen Ion movement and ATP Formation

A

LDR

51
Q

What step of the Calvin Cycle is this process:
Carbon Fixation

A

Step 1

52
Q

What step of the Calvin Cycle is this process:
“Regeneration”, beginning the cycle once again

A

Step 4

53
Q

What step of the Calvin Cycle is this process:
…transported from chloroplast to make glucose, where starches will be made, rubisco, etc.

A

Step 3

54
Q

What step of the Calvin Cycle is this process: 12 C3, 12 ATP, 12 ADP, 12 NADPH, 12 NADP+

A

Step 2

55
Q

What helps make ATP?

A

ETC (electron transport chain)

56
Q

H2O, NADP+, and ADP, are all reactants of Photosystem II, in light-dependent reactions. What is the energy source?

A

(sun) light

57
Q

What connects Photosystems I and II?

A

the electron transport chain (ETC)

58
Q

What does Photosystem I in light-dependent reactions, produce?

A

NADPH and ATP

59
Q

ATP and NADPH, released from LDR, then go into what?

A

Light independent reactions, aka “The Calvin Cycle.”

60
Q

LIR release what, which then flows back into Photosystem II from LDR, starting the process all over again?

A

NADP+ and ADP

61
Q

What is the “byproduct” of light-independent reaction?

A

glucose (C6H12O6)

62
Q

THIS ENTIRE PROCESS TAKES PLACE WHERE?

A

The thylakoids, granum, and most importantly the STROMA IN THE CHLOROPLAST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

63
Q

YOU ARE DOING SO GREAT!!!!!!!!

A

YOU TOTALLY GOT THIS GIRL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Anatomy Honors (29 decks)

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