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Anatomy Honors > Second Semester Biology Exam > Flashcards

Second Semester Biology Exam Flashcards

1
Q

One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they

A

can apply to more than one animal

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2
Q

One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system known as

A

binomial nomenclature

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3
Q

According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized?

A

the genus name only

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4
Q

Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same

A

species

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5
Q

The second part of a scientific name is unique to each

A

species in its genus

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6
Q

Often, the second part of a scientific name is

A

a description of a trait or habitat

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7
Q

Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean System?

A

Phylum and Kingdom

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8
Q

The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called

A

evolutionary classification

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9
Q

In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a

A

derived character

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10
Q

All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, ans Animalia are

A

eukaryotes

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11
Q

Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin

A

Fungi

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12
Q

The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environment is

A

Archaea

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13
Q

vary greatly in size and structure

A

viruses

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14
Q

Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT

A

lyse the host cell right away

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15
Q

The instructions for making new copies of a virus are

A

coded in either RNA or DNA

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16
Q

How do viruses cause disease?

A

by destroying cells or affecting cellular processes

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17
Q

During a lytic infection, the host cell

A

is destroyed when it bursts

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18
Q

What is the basic structure of a virus?

A

A DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

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19
Q

Viral diseases can be:

A

prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics

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20
Q

The outer protein coat of a virus is called a

A

capsid

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21
Q

What three materials make up many viruses?

A

proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

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22
Q

Viral infections can be prevented by vaccines, which are:

A

preparations of weakened or killed viruses

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23
Q

A lytic infection concludes with the:

A

bursting of the host cell

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24
Q

A prophage is made of

A

viral DNA

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25
Q

Bacteria and archaea differ in

A

the makeup of their cell walls

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26
Q

Know that a coccus is the figure with _______ shaped organisms attached together

A

ball

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27
Q

Which of the following can survive either with oxygen or without it?

A

facultative anaerobes

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28
Q

During what process do prokaryotes exchange genetic information?

A

conjugation

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29
Q

Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called

A

decomposers

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30
Q

How do bacteria cause disease?

A

by destroying cells and releasing toxins

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31
Q

Bacteria that cause disease are called

A

Pathogens

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32
Q

An unknown disease or a well-known disease that suddenly becomes harder to control is called an

A

emerging disease

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33
Q

What might people to do prevent the development of more superbugs?

A

They should use stronger disinfectants.

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34
Q

What kind of pathogen causes dumps of misfolded proteins to form in the brain?

A

prion

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35
Q

Prions differ from viruses because

A

prions contain no DNA or RNA

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36
Q

single-celled eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, fungi, or animal kingdoms

A

prokaryotes

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37
Q

move by changing shape

A

amoeboid movement

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38
Q

temporary projection of cytoplasm that causes the cytoplasm to flow forward propelling the organism forward. Used by the ameba

A

Pseudopods

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39
Q

long structures supported by microtubules that spin like propellors or whip back and forth to produce movement

A

flagella

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40
Q

example of conjugatoin

A

Paramecium

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41
Q

exchange of genetic information and then the cell goes into mitosis

A

conjugation

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42
Q

Two different life styles and structures. Alternate between haploid and diploid stages

A

Alternation of Generations

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43
Q

Sexual example of alternation of generations

A

oomycota

44
Q

__________ produce asexually by producing sporangium that contain spores

A

Water molds

45
Q

Have the ability to use the energy of light to make a carbohydrate food source

A

Autotrophic Protists

46
Q

Ecological Roles. _________ that are small free floating organisms are found at the surface of oceans and lakes carry out half of the photosynthesis on earth and are the primary food source for water life like whales.

A

Phytoplankton

47
Q

Have to obtain food from other living organisms

A

Heterotrophic Protists

48
Q

Examples of Heterotrophic Protists. ________ capture and digest food through the use of pseudopods that form food vacuoles to temporarily store food until it’s broken by lysosomes.

A

Amoebas

49
Q

Individual amoebo forms that form large structures that have many nuclei called plasmodium that absorb molecules for nutrients through their cell walls and membranes

A

Slime Molds

50
Q

two species live close together

A

symbiotic protists

51
Q

protist benefits at the expense of the host

A

parasitic

52
Q

flagellated protist that causes African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma

53
Q

heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls that contain chitin

A

Fungus

54
Q

Reproductive structure of a fungus made of hyphae that grows from the mycelium (common mushroom figure)

A

fruiting body

55
Q

tangled mass of branching hyphae below the soil
remains below and is not visible

A

Mycelium

56
Q

Decomposition

A

By breaking down plants and dead material, fungi return nutrients and trace elements that plants remove from the soil.

57
Q

Mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism

A

lichens

58
Q

Mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a green plant especially at the root

A

Mycorrhizae

59
Q

The ______ collect water and minerals and bring them to the roots increasing surface area and speed the growth of the plant.

A

hyphae

60
Q

They’re able to survive in harsh environments and usually are the first organisms to invade a barren environment.

A

Lichens

61
Q

Plants need specific things since they are

A

stationary

62
Q

Use the energy from sunlight that’s captured by the leaves to carry on photosynthesis

A

sunlight

63
Q

Ancestors were _______ dwelling organisms similar to single celled green algae

A

water

64
Q

Alternation of Generations - __ alternating phases

A

2 alternating phases

65
Q

Diploid Phase - 2N - Sporophyte

A

Spore producing plant phase

66
Q

What was the first plant?

A

Green Algae

67
Q

Single celled or branched filaments. Green algae was the first plant because of

A

cellulose in the cell wall

68
Q

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

A

Bryophytes

69
Q

What anchors them to the soil?

A

Rhizoids

70
Q

Vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates made from photosynthesis

A

Phloem

71
Q

Plant embryo and a food supply encased in a protective covering

A

Seed

72
Q

Exposed seeds on scales within cones

A

Gymnosperm

73
Q

Gametophytes (N) develop in reproductive structures called

A

cones

74
Q

The male gametophyte is contained in the _____________ made in the male cone

A

pollen grain

75
Q

Plants that bear their seeds in a layer of tissue that protects the seed. Flowering Plants.

A

Angiosperms

76
Q

Tissues that develop into fruit that protects the seed after fertilization

A

Ovaries

77
Q

Life span of one year

A

annuals

78
Q

obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms

A

heterotrophs

79
Q

cell membranes (lack cell walls)

A

multicellular

80
Q

contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

A

eukaryotic

81
Q

all animals that lack a backbone or vertebral column

A

invertebrates

82
Q

Invertebrates make up what percent of animals

A

95%

83
Q

Vertebrates or Invertebrates include seas stars, worms, jellyfish, and insects

A

Invertebrates

84
Q

Fewer than 5% of animals

A

Chordates

85
Q

Chordates belong to which phylum?

A

Phylum Chordata

86
Q

Chordates all exhibit 4 characteristics in one stage in life including a tail that extends beyond the

A

anus

87
Q

paired structures in the throat region

A

Pharyngeal pouches

88
Q

In fish, pharyngeal pouches may develop into gills used for

A

gas exchange

89
Q

Four functions needed to maintain homeostasis or a stable internal environment. What gathers information and responds?

A

Nervous system or nerve cells.

90
Q

Helps produce movement by shortening when stimulated by the nervous system

A

Muscle tissue

91
Q

Muscles work with the __________ system to coordinate movement. Vertebrates skeletons internal and made if bones, invertebrates can be outside

A

skeleton

92
Q

What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

A

They reproduce faster

93
Q

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

A

There is no genetic diversity.

94
Q

Most animals have similar tissues. Four of them include

A

Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, and Nervous

95
Q

Body parts that extend outward from the center with many lines of symmetry

A

Radial Symmetry

96
Q

Body can be divided into right and left sides that are mirror images.

A

Bilateral Symmetry

97
Q

Example of bilateral symmetry

A

Upper dorsal

98
Q

Differentiation of Germ Layers

A

3 layers in embryo

99
Q

innermost, develop into digestive tract and respiratory systems

A

Endoderm

100
Q

Body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

A

Coelom

101
Q

Example of a coelom

A

earthworm

102
Q

fertilized egg

A

zygote

103
Q

the fertilized egg develops into a hollow ball of cells

A

blastula

104
Q

internal or external body parts repeat on each side of the body like legs or arms

A

segmentation

105
Q

appendages can vary in _______.

A

species

106
Q

Forelimps:

A

Human arms, Dolphin flippers, Wings of birds

Anatomy Honors (34 decks)

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