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Anatomy Honors > Anatomy & Physiology Vocabulary List > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Vocabulary List Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the structure and functions of the human body

A

human anatomy & physiology

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2
Q

the position the body is to be in for scientific study; standing erect or lying flat, arms to the side with palms facing forward

A

anatomical position

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3
Q

having a stable/normal internal environment

A

homeostasis

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4
Q

an organ or structure that causes responses that alter conditions in the internal environment

A

effector

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5
Q

the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body at a given time

A

metabolism

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6
Q

having blood vessels within the tissue

A

vascular

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7
Q

not having blood vessels within the tissue

A

avascular

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8
Q

reactions that take place using oxygen

A

aerobic reactions

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9
Q

reactions that take place without using oxygen

A

anaerobic reactions

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10
Q

suffix that refers to an enzyme

A

ase

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11
Q

suffix that refers to a sugar

A

ose

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12
Q

suffix that refers to inflammation

A

itis

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13
Q

suffix that refers to cell

A

cyte

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14
Q

cartilage cell

A

chondrocyte

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15
Q

bone cell

A

osteocyte

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16
Q

fat cell

A

adipocyte

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17
Q

red blood cell

A

erythrocyte

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18
Q

white blood cell

A

leukocyte

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19
Q

platelet

A

thrombocyte

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20
Q

a type of nerve cells that can receive and relay nerve impulses

A

neuron

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21
Q

scientific name for sweat gland

A

sudoriferous gland

22
Q

scientific name for oil gland

A

sebaceous gland

23
Q

anywhere 2 or more bones come together usually allowing for movement

A

articulation (joint) examples include elbow or knee

24
Q

a type of connective tissue that connects one bone with other bonds forming an articulation

A

ligament

25
Q

a type of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

A

tendon

26
Q

the production of blood cells from dividing stem cells in red bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

27
Q

small structures inside a cell that carry out specific functions to keep the cell in homeostasis

A

organelles

28
Q

the most basic unit of structure and function in all organisms

A

cell

29
Q

a group of cells similar in structure and function

A

tissue

30
Q

structures within the body consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function

A

organ

31
Q

a type of gland that secretes its substances through a duct to the surface of a structure or body

A

exocrine gland

32
Q

a type of gland that secretes its substance directly into the blood stream

A

endocrine gland

33
Q

molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen and examples include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

A

organic molecules

34
Q

energy molecule composed of many individual glucose molecules bonded together (Polysaccharide) stored in your muscles and the liver in you body

A

glycogen

35
Q

when a cell becomes specialized in its structure and function

A

differentiation

36
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

37
Q

the series of changes that a cell undergoes, from the time it forms until it divides. The life cycle or stages in the life of a cell

A

cell cycle

38
Q

the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell to create 2 new identical diploid nuclei

A

mitosis

39
Q

the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus of a germ cell to create 4 new non-identical haploid nuclei

A

meiosis

40
Q

a cell that contains 2 sets of genes (somatic cells)

A

diploid (2n) cell

41
Q

a cell that contains 1 set of genes (gametes)

A

haploid (n) cell

42
Q

scientific term for sex cell

A

gamete

43
Q

scientific term for body cell

A

somatic cell

44
Q

protein molecules in the body that change the rate of a chemical reaction

A

enzyme

45
Q

removal of tissue for examination

A

biopsy

46
Q

the overstretching or tearing of a ligament

A

sprain

47
Q

the overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

A

strain

48
Q

the decrease in the size of muscle fibers due to non-use or disease

A

muscle atrophy

49
Q

the increase in the size of muscle fibers due to strenuous exercise or possible disorder

A

muscle hypertrophy

50
Q

transport systems that do not use the cell’s energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell

A

passive transport system

51
Q

transport systems that do use the cell’s energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell

A

active transport system

Anatomy Honors (34 decks)

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