Anatomy & Physiology Vocabulary List Flashcards
the study of the structure and functions of the human body
human anatomy & physiology
the position the body is to be in for scientific study; standing erect or lying flat, arms to the side with palms facing forward
anatomical position
having a stable/normal internal environment
homeostasis
an organ or structure that causes responses that alter conditions in the internal environment
effector
the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body at a given time
metabolism
having blood vessels within the tissue
vascular
not having blood vessels within the tissue
avascular
reactions that take place using oxygen
aerobic reactions
reactions that take place without using oxygen
anaerobic reactions
suffix that refers to an enzyme
ase
suffix that refers to a sugar
ose
suffix that refers to inflammation
itis
suffix that refers to cell
cyte
cartilage cell
chondrocyte
bone cell
osteocyte
fat cell
adipocyte
red blood cell
erythrocyte
white blood cell
leukocyte
platelet
thrombocyte
a type of nerve cells that can receive and relay nerve impulses
neuron
scientific name for sweat gland
sudoriferous gland
scientific name for oil gland
sebaceous gland
anywhere 2 or more bones come together usually allowing for movement
articulation (joint) examples include elbow or knee
a type of connective tissue that connects one bone with other bonds forming an articulation
ligament
a type of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone
tendon
the production of blood cells from dividing stem cells in red bone marrow
hematopoiesis
small structures inside a cell that carry out specific functions to keep the cell in homeostasis
organelles
the most basic unit of structure and function in all organisms
cell
a group of cells similar in structure and function
tissue
structures within the body consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function
organ
a type of gland that secretes its substances through a duct to the surface of a structure or body
exocrine gland
a type of gland that secretes its substance directly into the blood stream
endocrine gland
molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen and examples include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
organic molecules
energy molecule composed of many individual glucose molecules bonded together (Polysaccharide) stored in your muscles and the liver in you body
glycogen
when a cell becomes specialized in its structure and function
differentiation
programmed cell death
apoptosis
the series of changes that a cell undergoes, from the time it forms until it divides. The life cycle or stages in the life of a cell
cell cycle
the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell to create 2 new identical diploid nuclei
mitosis
the separation of chromosomes in the nucleus of a germ cell to create 4 new non-identical haploid nuclei
meiosis
a cell that contains 2 sets of genes (somatic cells)
diploid (2n) cell
a cell that contains 1 set of genes (gametes)
haploid (n) cell
scientific term for sex cell
gamete
scientific term for body cell
somatic cell
protein molecules in the body that change the rate of a chemical reaction
enzyme
removal of tissue for examination
biopsy
the overstretching or tearing of a ligament
sprain
the overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon
strain
the decrease in the size of muscle fibers due to non-use or disease
muscle atrophy
the increase in the size of muscle fibers due to strenuous exercise or possible disorder
muscle hypertrophy
transport systems that do not use the cell’s energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell
passive transport system
transport systems that do use the cell’s energy to move substances through the plasma membrane of a cell
active transport system
