Biology Chapter 9 Test Flashcards
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius
calorie
how do cells use energy
cells burn food (break bonds) and release energy as heat
how do cells prefer to use energy
cells prefer to break bonds gradually and use the stored energy to produce other compounds like ATP
in what type of cells does cellular respiration take place
eukaryotic cells
What is the cellular respiration formula?
C6H12O6+6O2»»>6CO2+6H2O+energy(ATP)
What are the stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
Pathways that require oxygen (in air)
aerobic
Where does glycolysis take place?
in the cytoplasm of the cell
Where do organisms get the energy they need?
From food
Where do Krebs and ETC take place?
Inside the mitchondria
ENERGY: Photosynthesis; Cellular Respiration
Photo - Deposits
CR - WIthdraws
CARBON DIOXIDE: Photosynthesis; Cellular Respiration
Photo - removes it from the atmosphere
CR - puts it back into the atmosphere
OXYGEN: Photosynthesis; Cellular Respiration
Photo - releases it into the atmosphere
CR - takes it in from the atmosphere to release energy from food
Glucose is transformed into pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis
Gives a net gain of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose
ATP Production
Four high energy electrons are passed to the electron carriers NAD+.
NADH Production
What forms when 1 molecule of glucose, C6H12O6, bonds are broken?
pyruvic acid
Products 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid.
Advantages of Glycolysis
Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting steps. Oxygen must be present.
Krebs Cycle
Uses of the products of the Krebs Cycle
CO2 is exhaled. The electrons in NADH, when in the presence of oxygen, generate huge amounts of ATP.
Uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP into ATP.
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
ELECTRON TRANSPORT: The electrons are passed down the chain transporting H+ ions across the membrane and creates a
negative (chemiosmosis) region
Every time the electrons move, H+ ions move, thus ATP is created by
ATP synthase
As each pair of electrons from NADH moves down the length of the ETC, ___ molecules of ATP are produced and ____ for FADH2.
3, 2
Total ATP created per 1 glucose molecule in cellular respiration. ATP = ____% total energy in glyucose.
38
Otherwise known as anaerobic respiration
fermentation
________ is regenerated so glycolysis can continue.
NAD+
What are the two forms of fermentation?
Alcoholic and Lactic Acid Fermentation
What two things does alcoholic fermentation produce?
Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
What is lactic acid fermentation used for?
to create a sour taste in food ex.) cheese, yogurt, sour cream
Quick energy uses what form of fermentation?
Lactic Acid
Long term energy uses what?
Cellular Respiration