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Chemistry Honors > Chemistry Balancing, Predicting, Formulas > Flashcards

Chemistry Balancing, Predicting, Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

starting substances

A

reactant

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2
Q

Process by which substances collide with enough energy
that new bonds are formed between atoms, thus creating
new substances

A

chemical reaction

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3
Q

ending substances

A

product

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4
Q

dissolved in water

A

aqueous

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5
Q

Differentiate between physical and chemical change.

A

Physical changes do not impact a substance’s identity (state of matter change)
Chemical changes result in a new substance from a chemical reaction occurring (burning)

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6
Q

Explain the collision theory

A

Reacting particles must collide with enough energy for a chemical reaction to occur

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7
Q

List several signs that can provide evidence that a
chemical reaction has occurred.

A

Release of light or heat, sudden color change, odor
change, gas released, formation of a precipitate

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8
Q

Explain the Law of Conservation of Mass and how
it relates to chemical reactions.

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a system – it can
only change forms.

So even in a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants
should equal the mass of the products.

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9
Q

Differentiate between coefficients and subscripts in
a chemical reaction.

A

Coefficients: are placed in front of a substance and
represent ratios of reactants to products. They are used
for balancing reactions and can be changed.

Subscripts: are the small numbers within each chemical
formula that show the ratio of atoms in a compound. They
cannot be changed because changing them changes the
identity of the substance.

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10
Q

List the number of atoms of each element in the compound:
Mg3 (PO4)2

A

Magnesium - 3
Phosphorous - 2
Oxygen - 8

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11
Q

Be able to balance equations:
NF3 —> N2 + F2

A

2NF3 —> N2 + 3F2

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12
Q

Write the balanced chemical equation for the
following reaction: Solid aluminum reacts
with oxygen gas to create solid aluminum
oxide.

A

4Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) —> 2Al203 (s)

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13
Q

Chemical reactions can be classified into 5 categories:

A

Synthesis
Decomposition
Combustion
Single Replacement
Double Replacement

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14
Q

Which process is this?
2 or more reactants combine to form a new compound.
A + B = AB
When an element combines with oxygen, it produces an oxide (a binary compound with at least 1 atom of oxygen)

A

Synthesis

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15
Q

Which process is this?
1 reactant produces 2 or more simpler compounds.
AB = A + B
Most only take place when energy (in the form of heat or electricity) is added.

A

Decomposition

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16
Q

the decomposition of a substance
by an electric current

A

electrolysis

17
Q

Which process is this?
When a substance reacts with oxygen.
Often produces a lot of energy in the form of heat and light
Most occur with a hydrocarbon and produce carbon dioxide and water.

A

Combustion

18
Q

a compound made of carbon and
hydrogen

A

hydrocarbon

19
Q

Which process is this?
When one element replaces an element like it
in a compound.
A + BC = B + AC
Many take place in an aqueous solution
The most reactive metals can react with water to produce metal hydroxides and hydrogen.

A

Single Replacement

20
Q

Which process is this?
When the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form 2 new compounds.
AB + CD = AD + CB
One of the resulting products is usually a:

Precipitate: an insoluble solid that forms from the ions
of two aqueous compounds

Ex. NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) 🡪 AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Insoluble gas (seen as bubbles given off)

Ex. FeS(s) + 2HCl(aq) 🡪 H2S(g) + FeCl2(aq)

Molecular compound like water

Ex. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) 🡪 NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

A

Double Replacement Reaction

21
Q

Aka acid-base reaction
When an acid and a base react to form water and a salt

A

Neutralization reaction

22
Q

a substance that makes H+ ions when dissolved in water

A

acid

23
Q

a substance that makes OH- ions when dissolved in water

A

base

24
Q

an ionic compound made from the cation of a base and an anion from an acid

A

salt

25
Q

a list of elements in the order in which they will easily undergo certain chemical reactions

A

activity series

26
Q

Metals that have a greater activity means they ______ e- more easily.

A

lose

27
Q

Nonmetals that have a greater activity means they _____ e- more easily.

A

gain

28
Q

Can elements replace any element above them or below them?

A

below

Chemistry Honors (18 decks)

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