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Anatomy Honors > Chemistry Semester 1 Final Exam > Flashcards

Chemistry Semester 1 Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

the negative subatomic particle in the electron cloud of an atom

A

electron

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2
Q

a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

A

electromagnetic radiation

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3
Q

a unit of distance for measuring waves

A

wavelength

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4
Q

the number of waves that pass a given point in a certain time

A

frequency

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5
Q

the spectrum of light released from excited atoms of an element

A

emission spectrum

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6
Q

it is impossible to determine the position and velocity of an electron or other particle simultaneously

A

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

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7
Q

electrons in the outermost energy level of the electron cloud

A

valence electrons

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8
Q

the tendency of atoms to prefer to have 8 valence electrons

A

Octet rule

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9
Q

atoms or molecules that have a charge due to having lost or gained electrons

A

ions

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10
Q

atoms that lose electrons in order to become stable; results in a positive charge; usually metals

A

cations

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11
Q

atoms that gain electrons in order to become stable; results in a negative charge; usually nonmetals

A

anions

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12
Q

a convenient and simple way to represent an element and its valence electrons

A

Lewis structures

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13
Q

a mathematical description for the wave properties of electrons and other tiny particles

A

Quantum theory

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14
Q

a 3D region around the nucleus that shows where an electron probably is

A

orbital

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15
Q

the most stable arrangement of electrons in an atom’s electron cloud

A

Electron configuration

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16
Q

electrons fill the lowest energy orbital first

A

Aufbau principle

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17
Q

orbitals of equal energy each get 1 electrons before any orbital gets a second pair

A

Hund’s rule

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18
Q

no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers

A

Pauli exclusion principle

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19
Q

objective; based on senses

A

observation

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20
Q

subjective; based on perceptions

A

inference

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21
Q

data based on qualities

A

qualitative data

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22
Q

data based on quantities (numbers and measurements)

A

quantitative data

23
Q

ratios of equivalent values (meaning they equal 1)

A

conversion factors

24
Q

the number of digits in a measurement that reflect how accurate the measurement is

A

significant figures

25
Q

a technique for converting numbers into different units, without changing their value

A

dimensional analysis

26
Q

anything that has mass and value

A

matter

27
Q

a measure of the amount of matter

A

mass

28
Q

a measure of how much space something takes up

A

volume

29
Q

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of the element

A

atom

30
Q

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler or more stable

A

element

31
Q

a pure substance that can be chemically broken down into simple and more stable substances; when atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined

A

compound

32
Q

pure matter with a fixed composition throughout

A

substance

33
Q

combination of matter with a variable composition throughout

A

mixture

34
Q

a mixture with an even distribution of components

A

homogeneous mixture

35
Q

when one substance (solute) is dissolved into another (solvent)

A

solution

36
Q

the measure of how well a solute dissolves in a solvent

A

solubility

37
Q

when the solute is dissolved in water

A

aqueous solution

38
Q

a solution of metals

A

alloy

39
Q

a mixture with an uneven distribution of components

A

heterogeneous mixture

40
Q

matter is never created or destroyed, it only changes form

A

Law of conservation of matter

41
Q

the smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element

A

atom

42
Q

the positive subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

A

proton

43
Q

the negative subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

A

electron

44
Q

the neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

A

neutron

45
Q

electrons in the outermost energy level of the electron cloud

A

valence electron

46
Q

make up protons and neutrons and their attraction holds the nucleus together

A

quarks

47
Q

number of protons in an atom of the element; used to identify an element

A

atomic number

48
Q

number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

A

mass number

49
Q

aka families; the vertical columns on the periodic table

A

groups

50
Q

the horizontal rows on the periodic table

A

periods

51
Q

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

A

isotopes

52
Q

weighted average of all of the different versions of an element; measured in amu

A

average atomic mass

53
Q

a charged atom

A

ion

54
Q
A

Anatomy Honors (29 decks)

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