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Anatomy Honors > Anatomy Ch 4 Quiz: Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Anatomy Ch 4 Quiz: Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

within a cell many thousands of chemical reactions take place to keep the cell in _____________

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

a constant supply of _______ is needed for cellular reactions to occur

A

energy

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3
Q

_________ control the rate at which the reactions in cells take place

A

enzymes

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4
Q

Examples of chemical reactions:

A

cellular respiration, protein synthesis, cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, DNA replication

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5
Q

____________ is the set of chemical reactions that acquire, store, and release energy in cells

A

Cellular metabolism

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6
Q

The energy for cellular metabolism comes from the _________ of nutrient molecules from the diet

A

chemical bonds

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7
Q

build large molecules from small ones

A

anabolic reaction

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8
Q

example of anabolic reaction

A

dehydration synthesis

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9
Q

breakdown of larger molecules to smaller ones

A

catabolic reaction

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10
Q

example of a catabolic reaction

A

hydrolosis

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11
Q

Examples of anabolic reactions by dehydration synthesis

A

1) the production of glycogen (polysaccharide)
2) the production of triglycerides
3) the production of proteins
4) the production of nucleic acids

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12
Q

Examples of catabolic reactions by hydrolosis

A

1) breakdown of carbohydrates into monosaccharides (digestion)
2) breakdown of fats into glycerol and fatty acids
3) breakdown of proteins into amino acids
4) breakdown of nucleic acids into sugar, phosphoric acid, and purine/pyrimidine

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13
Q

cells perform ___________ that take hundreds of chemical changes that happen in a fast and orderly manner thanks to enzymes

A

metabolic reactions

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14
Q

cells perform metabolic reactions that take hundreds of chemical changes that happen in a fast and orderly manner thanks to _______

A

enzymes

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15
Q

Without enzymes, reactions in cells would not ________ to keep a cell in homeostasis (because body temp. not high enough)

A

happen fast enough

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16
Q

Metabolic reactions need _________ to happen

A

energy (ATP)

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17
Q

Enzymes are ______________.

A

catalysts

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18
Q

Enzymes are proteins that work by ______________ and speed the rates of ___________.

A

lowering the activation energy, chemical reaxtions

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19
Q

Enzymes are not consumed in their function to ______________

A

speed the rate of the reaction

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20
Q

Each enzyme acts only on one specific _____________

A

substrate

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21
Q

an enzymes ___________allows it to recognize it substrate

A

conformation

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22
Q

an enzymes conformation allows it to recognize it ________-

A

substrate

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23
Q

When the substrate changes because enzyme acted, the reaction has taken place and a _________ is formed.

A

new product

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24
Q

Every cell contains hundreds of enzymes to _____________.

A

help complete reactions

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25
Q

Many __________ are reversible.

A

enzymatic reactions

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26
Q

The rate/speed of enzyme-controlled reactions depends on:

A

a. Number of enzymes and substrate molecules in the cell
b. How many substrates an individual enzyme can process per second

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27
Q

Some enzymes can only process a few substrates, but other enzymes can process ____________ per second.

A

thousands

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28
Q

Most enzymes are proteins and they can be denature by __________________________________.

A

exposure to heat
radiation
electricity
fluids with extreme pH values
certain chemicals

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29
Q

Many _________ become inactive at 45 C and nearly all denature at 55 C.

A

enzymes

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30
Q

Some enzymes are inactive until they combine with a ___________ or __________.

A

cofactor, coenzyme

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31
Q

A sequence of enzyme-controlled reaction

A

metabolic pathway

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32
Q

A single enzyme (regulatory enzyme) controls the entire rate of the

A

metabolism pathway

33
Q

Most metabolic reactions use

A

chemical energy

34
Q

Chemical energy is held in the _____________ and is release when these bonds break

A

bonds between atoms of molecules

35
Q

Cells burn _________ in a process/reaction called oxidation

36
Q

Cells burn glucose in a process/reaction called

37
Q

Cells can only capture ____% of the energy released from breaking chemical bonds in cellular respiration to make ATP

38
Q

An ATP molecule includes a chain of 3 phosphates, when the terminal phosphate is broken off the ATP molecule energy is released and the molecule is not called _______

39
Q

ATP molecule includes a chain of ____________

A

3 phosphates

40
Q

ADP can be converted back into ATP during the _________ process.

A

cellular respiration

41
Q

What is the cellular respiration formula?

A

C6H12O6 + O2 —-> 36 ATP + CO2 + H2O + Heat

42
Q

what are the factors on the left side of the equation called

43
Q

what are the factors on the right side of the equation called

44
Q

CO2, H2O, and Heat in cellular respiration

A

byproducts

45
Q

which is waste product in cellular respiration

46
Q

_______________ is how the body makes ATP from food and oxygen

A

cellular respiration

47
Q

ATP stands for

A

adenosine triphophate

48
Q

3 stages of cellular respiation

A

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

49
Q

______________ only have 28 ATP

A

skeletal muscle cells, brain cells

50
Q

other names for Krebs

A

citric acid cycle, TCA

51
Q

where does glycolysis take place

52
Q

is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic - does not require oxygen

53
Q

what does glycolysis produce

A

2 pyruvate, 2 net gain ATP - 4 total, 2 NADH, electrons

54
Q

what is the purpose of NADH

A

to carry electrons

55
Q

“lysis” meaning

56
Q

where does Krebs take place

A

mitochondrial matrix

57
Q

is Krebs aerobic or anaerobic

58
Q

what does Krebs produce

A

2 ATP, 6 NADH, FADH2, carbon dioxide, citric acid, electrons

59
Q

where does the ETC occur

A

mitochondria inner membrane

60
Q

is ETC aerobic or anaerobic

61
Q

what does ETC produce

A

H2O, Heat, 26-34 ATP

62
Q

WHY cellular respiration?

A

because cell’s need energy!!!

63
Q

when you run out of oxygen ________ occurs

A

fermentation

64
Q

what step is CO2 made in

A

second step, KREBS

65
Q

In science, what does fatigue mean?

A

does NOT work

66
Q

what are the 2 pyruvate converted to?

A

acetyl coenzyme a (coa)

67
Q

what process do cells lose electrons

68
Q

what process do cells gain electrons

69
Q

ATP synthase is an _______, similar to a __________

A

enzyme, channel protein

70
Q

Every cell, prokaryote eukaryote, has to make

71
Q

___________ can still produce ATP, it’s just not as efficient as cellular respiration

A

Fermentation

72
Q

How much ATP can fermentation produce?

73
Q

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: WHAT

A

chemical process that produces energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose

74
Q

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: WHERE

A

takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells

75
Q

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: WHEN

A

happens continuously in cells, especially in the presence of oxygen

76
Q

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: WHY

A

provides ENERGY

77
Q

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HOW

A

through glycolysis, Krebs, and ETC

78
Q

YOU ARE FINISHED!

Anatomy Honors (41 decks)

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