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Anatomy Honors > Chapter 11 Genes and Mutations > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Genes and Mutations Flashcards

1
Q

homologous chromosomes that are same or similar chromosomes in males and females.

A

autosomes

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2
Q

How many autosomes do humans have?

A

44

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3
Q

chromosomes that are different in males and females

A

sex chromosomes

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4
Q

How many sex chromosomes do humans have?

A

2

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5
Q

traits that are produces through the interaction of several genes

A

polygenic traits

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6
Q

only gets 1 sex chromosome, appear X in female but sex organs do not develop at puberty

A

Turner Syndrome

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7
Q

what are the possible karyotypes for Turner Syndrome

A

45X or 45XO

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8
Q

syndrome with two x’s and two y’s; appear male but are sterile

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

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9
Q

possible karyotype of someone with klinefelter syndrome

A

47XXY

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10
Q

many alleles to control traits, a gene with more than two alleles

A

multiple alleles

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11
Q

traits with many outcomes (pheno)

A

polygenic traits

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12
Q

a gene located on one of the sex chromosomes.

A

sex-linked genes

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13
Q

both alleles are active so both are expressed

A

codominance

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14
Q

the active allele does not completely dominate over the inactive allele so the outcome is in between

A

incomplete dominance

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15
Q

a trait that is caused by a gene whose expression is different in males and females

A

sex-influenced traits

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16
Q

Give all the genotypes and phenotypes for male-pattern baldness

A

BB = normal hair for both males and females
Bb = normal hair for females, bald for males
bb = very thin hair for females, bald for males

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17
Q

mistakes in gene information transfer

A

mutations

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18
Q

involve segments, whole or sets of chromosomes

A

chromosomal mutations

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19
Q

part of one homologous chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

A

translocation

20
Q

mistakes that affect reproductive cells

A

germ mutations

21
Q

mistakes that affect body cells

A

somatic mutations

22
Q

a segment is repeated

A

duplication

23
Q

the loss of part of a chromosome

A

deletion

24
Q

oriented in the reverse of its usual direction

A

inversion

25
Q

changes that affect one single protein

A

point mutations

26
Q

failure of chromosomes (in meiosis I) or chromatids (in meiosis II) to separate properly and the results are gametes with too few or too many chromosomes.

A

nondisjunction

27
Q

a protein is inserted or deleted so it changes the sequence completely

A

frameshift mutation

28
Q

What is essential in sex determination?

A

at least one x chromosome

29
Q

Insert a karyotype of a person with down syndrome (trisomy 21)

A

47XX + 21 OR 47XY + 21

30
Q

Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with A blood.

A

IAIA, IAi

31
Q

Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with B blood.

A

IBIB, IBi

32
Q

Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with AB blood.

A

IAIB

33
Q

Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with O blood.

A

ii

34
Q

What is the genotype of a universal donor (Include Rh factor)

A

ii-[O-no antigens, no Rh factor]
Rh+ of Rh+, Rh+ OR Rh+, Rh- and Rh- if Rh-, Rh-

35
Q

what is this an example of:
ABCD:EFGHI
ABCD:EHI

A

deletion

36
Q

what is this an example of:
ABCD:EFGHI
ABCD:EFEFGHI

A

duplication

37
Q

what is this an example of:
ABCD:EFGHI
ABEF:DCGHI

A

inversion

38
Q

HIJK::LMNOPQ
AB::CDEFG
using these letters, demonstrate an example of translocation

A

LMJK:HIEFPQAB:CDNOG

39
Q

Demonstrate a frameshift mutation using:
THE RAT SAT AND ATE THE FAT

A

TER ATS ATA NDA TET HEF AT

40
Q

If the sex of a human is female, the egg was fertilized by a __ sperm, if it is male, then it was fertilized by a __ sperm.

A

X, Y

41
Q

Turner Syndrome consists of how many autosomes and how many sex chromosomes? It is caused by __________ either in meiosis I or II

A

44, 1, nondisjunction

42
Q

Klinefelter’s Syndrome consists of how many autosomes and how many sex chromosomes? It is caused by __________ either in meiosis I or II

A

44, 3, nondisjunction, (3 sex XXY)

43
Q

a pink flower would be an example of______________ because no allele is totally dominant over the other

A

incomplete dominance

44
Q

the karyotype CRCRxCWCW-F1 = CRCW is an example of…

A

codominance, non-mendelian

45
Q

examples of sex-linked genes

A

colorblindness, muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia

46
Q

what is this an example of:
CTGAGT ———-> CTGCTG

A

point mutation

47
Q

You are doing so great!

A

You got this!

Anatomy Honors (35 decks)

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