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Anatomy Honors > Chapter 11 Genes and Mutations > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Genes and Mutations Flashcards

1
Q

homologous chromosomes that are same or similar chromosomes in males and females.

A

autosomes

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2
Q

How many autosomes do humans have?

A

44

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3
Q

chromosomes that are different in males and females

A

sex chromosomes

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4
Q

How many sex chromosomes do humans have?

A

2

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5
Q

traits that are produces through the interaction of several genes

A

polygenic traits

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6
Q

only gets 1 sex chromosome, appear X in female but sex organs do not develop at puberty

A

Turner Syndrome

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7
Q

what are the possible karyotypes for Turner Syndrome

A

45X or 45XO

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8
Q

syndrome with two x’s and two y’s; appear male but are sterile

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

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9
Q

possible karyotype of someone with klinefelter syndrome

A

47XXY

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10
Q

many alleles to control traits, a gene with more than two alleles

A

multiple alleles

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11
Q

traits with many outcomes (pheno)

A

polygenic traits

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12
Q

a gene located on one of the sex chromosomes.

A

sex-linked genes

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13
Q

both alleles are active so both are expressed

A

codominance

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14
Q

the active allele does not completely dominate over the inactive allele so the outcome is in between

A

incomplete dominance

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15
Q

a trait that is caused by a gene whose expression is different in males and females

A

sex-influenced traits

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16
Q

Give all the genotypes and phenotypes for male-pattern baldness

A

BB = normal hair for both males and females
Bb = normal hair for females, bald for males
bb = very thin hair for females, bald for males

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17
Q

mistakes in gene information transfer

A

mutations

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18
Q

involve segments, whole or sets of chromosomes

A

chromosomal mutations

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19
Q

part of one homologous chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

A

translocation

20
Q

mistakes that affect reproductive cells

A

germ mutations

21
Q

mistakes that affect body cells

A

somatic mutations

22
Q

a segment is repeated

A

duplication

23
Q

the loss of part of a chromosome

24
Q

oriented in the reverse of its usual direction

25
changes that affect one single protein
point mutations
26
failure of chromosomes (in meiosis I) or chromatids (in meiosis II) to separate properly and the results are gametes with too few or too many chromosomes.
nondisjunction
27
a protein is inserted or deleted so it changes the sequence completely
frameshift mutation
28
What is essential in sex determination?
at least one x chromosome
29
Insert a karyotype of a person with down syndrome (trisomy 21)
47XX + 21 OR 47XY + 21
30
Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with A blood.
IAIA, IAi
31
Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with B blood.
IBIB, IBi
32
Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with AB blood.
IAIB
33
Give all the possible genotypic combinations for a person with O blood.
ii
34
What is the genotype of a universal donor (Include Rh factor)
ii-[O-no antigens, no Rh factor] Rh+ of Rh+, Rh+ OR Rh+, Rh- and Rh- if Rh-, Rh-
35
what is this an example of: ABCD:EFGHI ABCD:EHI
deletion
36
what is this an example of: ABCD:EFGHI ABCD:EFEFGHI
duplication
37
what is this an example of: ABCD:EFGHI ABEF:DCGHI
inversion
38
HIJK::LMNOPQ AB::CDEFG using these letters, demonstrate an example of translocation
LMJK:HIEFPQAB:CDNOG
39
Demonstrate a frameshift mutation using: THE RAT SAT AND ATE THE FAT
TER ATS ATA NDA TET HEF AT
40
If the sex of a human is female, the egg was fertilized by a __ sperm, if it is male, then it was fertilized by a __ sperm.
X, Y
41
Turner Syndrome consists of how many autosomes and how many sex chromosomes? It is caused by __________ either in meiosis I or II
44, 1, nondisjunction
42
Klinefelter's Syndrome consists of how many autosomes and how many sex chromosomes? It is caused by __________ either in meiosis I or II
44, 3, nondisjunction, (3 sex XXY)
43
a pink flower would be an example of______________ because no allele is totally dominant over the other
incomplete dominance
44
the karyotype CRCRxCWCW-F1 = CRCW is an example of...
codominance, non-mendelian
45
examples of sex-linked genes
colorblindness, muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia
46
what is this an example of: CTGAGT ----------> CTGCTG
point mutation
47
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Anatomy Honors (41 decks)

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