Chemistry Unit 1 Test Flashcards by Anna Katherine Wathen

measures how correct or close to the truth a measurement is

accuracy

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measures how specific or consistent a measurement is

precision

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standard unit for length

Meter (m)

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standard unit for mass

Kilogram (kg)

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standard unit for time

Seconds (s)

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standard unit for temperature

Kelvin (K)

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standard unit for amount of substance

Mole (mol)

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example of scientific investigation design with appropriate constants and variables (IV and DV)
a. Drinking coffee leads to being more productive.
IV=
DV=
Control Group=
Experimental Group=
Constants=

whether or not you drink coffee
how much work I can get done in a certain amount of time
not drinking coffee
drinking coffee
same type of work/task, same food, same amount of sleep beforehand, same environment to work in

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a substance that exists in a solid state has:
a. definite shape
b. definite volume
c. particles that only vibrate

all of the above

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the variable that is changed during an experiment is called what type of variable?

manipulated

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what is the formula for % error?

%error= |experimental value - accepted value/accepted value| x100

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Is mass an intensive or extensive property?

extensive

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The simplest form of matter with unique properties is/are…

element

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when the temperature of a substance increases, what happens to its density?

the density decreases

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a cylindrical container with a flat bottom

beaker

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conical flasks with wide flat bottoms and tapered necks

erlenmeyer flask

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which is NOT an example of applied chemistry?

studying compounds containing nitrogen

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a clear glass or plastic container that is much longer than it is wide, commonly has a U-shaped bottom, and has an open top

test tube

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a slender tube attached to or incorporating a bulb, for transferring or measuring out small quantities of liquid, especially in a laboratory

pipette

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a tall narrow container with a volume scale used especially for measuring liquids

graduated cylinder

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a kind of ambient air gas burner used as laboratory equipment; it produces a single open gas flame

bunsen burner

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What are the 4 rules for sig figs?

a. All non-zero numbers are significant
b. All zeros that are between non-zero numbers are significant.
c. Leading zeros are non-significant.
d. Trailing zeros for a whole number when a decimal is present are significant.

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How many significant figures are in:
3.01
850
7
102.0
0.00990

3
2
1
4
3

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objective; based on senses

observation

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subjective; based on perceptions

inference`

data based on qualities

qualitative data

data based on quantities (numbers and measurements)

quantitative data

ratios of equivalent values (meaning they equal 1)

conversion factors

the number of digits in a measurement that reflect how accurate the measurement is

significant figures

give an example of a conversion factor explain what it means, how it can be used, and at least two different ways it can be written

A conversion factor is a number used to change one set of units to another, by multiplying or dividing. When a conversion is necessary, the appropriate conversion factor to an equal value must be used. For example, to convert inches to feet, the appropriate conversion value is 12 inches equals 1 foot.

Explain the significance of scientific notation and why it is important to be able to use it.

Scientific notation is a technique used to rewrite large or very small numbers into a format that is easier to use.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS: 1. Convert the following values - a. 21 days into seconds = b. 9,602 grams into pounds = c. 5,500 millimeters into yards =

a. 1,800,000 s b. 21.16 lbs. c. 6.1 yds

PRACTICE QUESTIONS: 2. Write the following values in scientific notation - a. 801,000 - 3 sig figs = b. 2,950,000 - 3 sig figs = c. 0.0518 - 3 sig figs = d. 0.00000006 =- 2 sig figs =

a. 8.01 x 10^5 b. 2.95 x 10^6 c. 5.18 x 10^-2 d. 1.6 x 10^8

a technique for converting numbers into different units, without changing their value

dimensional analysis

To be an element or compound, it must be a ...

pure substance

Iron Metal or Fe is an example of ...

an element

Table Salt or NaCI is an example of...

a compound

To be homogeneous or heterogeneous it must be a...

mixture

Is apple juice an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture?

homogeneous mixture

Is salad dressing an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture?

heterogeneous mixture

Does melting involve a change in chemical properties?

the gas state of a substance that normally exists as a solid or liquid at room temperature is

vapor

Is boiling water an irreversible physical change?

if every person in your group gets the same answer but it is not close to the accepted value, what can you say about your group?

"we are precise"

if i was given the temperature 400 Kelvins and I wanted to change it to Celsius, what would I end up with?

127 degrees Celsius

a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations

theory

when an iron nail is grounded into does its mass change?

Is this formula correct? m=d/v

what are the 5 traditional areas of study of chemistry?

Organic chemistry, biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Compounds are substances which can be formed by chemically combining two or more elements. Mixtures are substances that are formed by physically mixing two or more substances.

anything that has mass and volume

matter

a measure of the amount of matter

mass

a measure of how much space something takes up

volume

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of the element

atom

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler or more stable

element

a pure substance that can be broken down into simple and more stable substances (elements)

compound

a type of matter that has a definite composition and can be identified by its unique set of properties

substance

a physical blend of two or more components

mixture

a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout

homogeneous mixture

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

heterogeneous mixture

another name for a homogeneous mixture

solution

a solution in which the solvent is water

aqueous solution

solution of metals

alloy

states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as the system's mass cannot change, so the quantity can neither be added nor be removed

law of conservation of matter

PRACTICE QUESTION: A piece of plastic with a mass of 15g is placed in a graduated cylinder. The water rises from 32mL to 52mL when the plastic is added. Find the density of the plastic.

P = m / vF - vI P = 15g / 52mL - 32mL P = 750 kg/m^3

a ________ ______ is a process in which substances are changed into different substances.

chemical change

a method for separating a solid from in a heterogeneous mixture is called

filtration

elements combine chemically to form

compounds

an experiment is means for testing a

hypothesis

pepperoni pizza is a _______ and it is a(n) _____________ _______.

mixture, heterogeneous mixture

carbon is a _________ and it is a(n) _______.

substance, element

tap water is a _______ and it is a(n) ___________ _____

mixture, homogeneous mixture

carbon dioxide is a _________ and it is a(n) ________.

substance, compound

what are 2 possible indicators (out of 4 that we discussed) that would show a chemical change, a change in composition, had occurred

color change, bubble fizzes

2 different samples of copper have the same intensive properties. how could they have different extensive properties?

they could have different volumes

list some signs that may demonstrate that a chemical reaction has occurred

Various signs of a chemical reaction include: Change in Color. Formation of a Gas. Formation of a Precipitate. Change in Odor. Change in Temperature. Something is Burning. Light is Being Produced.

What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?

Physical changes are those in which the shape, size, or state of the matter changes, but the substance is still essentially the same. For example, chopping up a carrot or ice melting into water are both physical changes. Chemical changes are those where one or more substances are combined to produce a new substance.

What results in a chemical reaction occurring?

A chemical change occurs when the composition of a substance is changed, which requires the breaking and forming of chemical bonds during a chemical reaction.