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ANAT 214 > The Skull > Flashcards

The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

describe roles of skull or cranium - 3

A

encloses and protects
houses
Structural support

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2
Q

what does skull enclose/protect

A

brain - cns

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3
Q

what does skull house

A

organs and spaces relating to special senses of olfaction, vision, hearing, balance and taste
(associated with individual cranial nerves)

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4
Q

what does skull serve as structural support for

A

scaffolding for soft tissues of head and neck = attachment sites for muscles of mastication and muscles of facial expression

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5
Q

how many bones in skull

A

22

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6
Q

what are 2 categories of skull bones

A

neurocranium
viscerocranium

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7
Q

describe neurocranium

A

braincase
protects brain
8 bones

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8
Q

describe viscerocranium

A

bones of face and jaw
14 bones

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9
Q

name all neurocranium bones and describe - brief

A

frontal = forehead, unpaired, ONE
Parietal = paired, left and right, TWO
temporal = paired, l/r, around midline of face, TWO
occipital = unpaired, back of head (associated with vertebral column, spinal cord runs through), ONE
sphenoid = unpaired, ONE
ethmoid = unpaired, related to sense of smell, ONLY ONE

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10
Q

what are sutures

A

ways bones fused together
squiggly lines
solidly fused in adulthood

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11
Q

name and describe all neurocranium sutures

A

sagittal = connects 2 parietals, parallel to sagittal plane
coronal = frontal to parietals, parallel to coronal plane
lambdoid = connects parietals to occipital, tripartite lamdba structure
squamosal = parietal to temporal
pterion = junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones

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12
Q

compare adult skull and neonates

A

adult = solid fibrous joints
Neonates = soft connective tissues = fontanelles, soft spots = grows as baby grows, brain grows, 7-9y/o = brain growth slows down

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13
Q

what is cranial fossa

A

regions
depressions in skull

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14
Q

name 3 cranial fossa

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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15
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid
frontal lobes or cerebrum = higher cognitive function

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16
Q

describe middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid, parietal, temporal
temporal lobes of cerebrum = memory

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17
Q

describe posterior cranial fossa

A

occipital, parietal, temporal
cerebellum (motor functions) and brainstem , hindbrain
some sphenoid too but mostly ignore

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18
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - gen

A

frontal bone contributes to roof of orbit (orbital plates)

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19
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - ethmoid

A

ethmoid contributes to medial wall of orbit and nasal cavities

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20
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - cristal galli

A

Processes that stick out
roosters crest
serves as attachment for meninges = sheet of ct that separates hemispheres

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21
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - perpendicular plate

A

part of nasal septum
Contributes to nasal septum
air cells and conchae = pockets with air cells that warms up air, increases surface area of where we can have olfactory receptors

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22
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - cribriform plate

A

has foramina for olfactory nerves
cranial –> nasal cavity
one on each side of crista galli

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23
Q

describe ant/mid cf - sphenoid general

A

keystone cranial bone - bridges ant and mid cf
articulates with ALL other bones of neurocranium and 5 in viscerocranium (zygomatics, palatines. vomer)
foramina for passage of several cranial nerves
blood supply to cranium and brain

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24
Q

describe ant/mid cf - sphenoid structures

A

lesser wing and greater wing
sella turcica with hypophyseal fossa (seat of saddle = pituitary gland, inferior surface of brain)

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25
Q

describe ant/mid cf - sphenoid orbit

A

Contributes to most posterior aspect of orbital plate

26
Q

describe ant/mid cf - sphenoid body of sphenoid

A

pterygoid process with medial and lateral plates
little legs = muscles attach here (mastication and neck)

27
Q

name parts of mid/post cf

A

temporal
parietal
Occipital

28
Q

describe parts of mid/post cf = parietal

A

contributes to wall on the side

29
Q

describe parts of mid/post cf = occipital

A

houses cerebellum and has brain stem

30
Q

name parts of mid/post cf = temporal

A

squamous portion
petrous portion

31
Q

describe mid/post cf = temporal squamous

A

very thin
wall of neurocranium
doesnt need to be thick

32
Q

describe mid/post cf = temporal petrous

A

petrous portion = one of densest non tooth bones - bc auditory vestibular apparatus needs to be isolated = dampener and cushions
rocky ridge = in petrous portion, transition from mid to post cf

33
Q

describe mid/post cf = temporal acoustic

A

tympanic portion associated with external acoustic meatus (allows sound in)
temporal –> tympanic portion and hits eardrum
components of inner ear within petrous temporal bone

34
Q

what are cranial foramina

A

holes

35
Q

describe cranial foramina - anterior cf

A

cribriform foramina in ethmoid - fibers from olfactory nerve
passing back into cranial cavity

36
Q

name cranial foramina - posterior cf

A

internal acoustic meatus
jugular foramen
hypoglossal canal
foramen magnum

37
Q

describe internal acoustic meatus - posterior cf foramina

A

fibers from auditory nerve - enters into cranial cavity
facial nerve also passes through this

38
Q

describe jugular foramen- posterior cf foramina

A

venous drainage of cranial cavity
3 cranial nerves pass here

39
Q

describe hypoglossal canal - posterior cf foramina

A

hypoglossal nerve - fibers to tongue
motor muscles in tongue

40
Q

describe foramen magnum- posterior cf foramina

A

large
spinal cord
meninges
Vertebral column - end of brainstem, superior aspect of spinal cord enters skull here
blood vessels

41
Q

name all foramina - middle cf

A

superior orbital fissure
optical canal
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
foramen lacerum

42
Q

describe superior orbital fissure - mid cf foramina

A

motor nerves of eye movement, ophthalmic nerve
bunch of nerves and neurovascular structures - movement of eye

43
Q

describe optic canal - mid cf foramina

A

optic nerve - detects light
behind small portion of lesser wing of spenoid

44
Q

describe foramen rotundum - mid cf foramina

A

round
Maxillary nerve

45
Q

describe foramen ovale - mid cf foramina

A

oval
mandibular nerve

46
Q

describe foramen spinosum- mid cf foramina

A

thorny
middle meningeal artery/vein
blood to brain and spinal cord
middle meningeal artery passes = blood to coverings of brain

47
Q

describe foramen lacerum - mid cf foramina

A

torn
floor of carotid canal for internal carotid artery
sealed off with soft tissue - but not in model since ct degraded, forms floor of carotid canal = internal carotid passes into cranial cavity to supply brain with blood

48
Q

describe mastoid process

A

Attachment of sternocleidomastoid

49
Q

describe styloid process

A

site of attachment of muscles

50
Q

describe stylomastoid foramen

A

between mastoid and styloid process
facial nerve exits to reach muscles

51
Q

name all 14 bones of viscerocranium

A

1 maxilla
2 maxilla
3 nasal
4 nasal
5 lacrimal
6 lacrimal
7 zygomatic
8 zygomatic
9 palatine
10 palatine
11 inferior nasal concha
12 inferior nasal concha
13 vomer
14 Mandible

52
Q

describe maxilla - viscerocranium

A

TWO
superior teeth
upper jaw
bony palate
nose

53
Q

describe nasal - viscerocranium

A

TWO
nose bridge

54
Q

describe lacrimal - viscerocranium

A

TWO
medial orbital plate - tear ducts
has hole = drains tears into nasal cavity

55
Q

describe zygomatic - viscerocranium

A

TWO
cheek bones
lateral wall of orbit
associated with neuro and viscero cranium

56
Q

describe palatine - viscerocranium

A

TWO
bony palate
Posterior to maxilla

57
Q

describe inferior nasal concha - viscerocranium

A

TWO
nasal cavity

58
Q

describe vomer - viscerocranium

A

nasal septum
along with ethmoid and cartilaginous part

59
Q

describe mandible - viscerocranium

A

lower jaw

60
Q

describe zygomatic arch - viscerocranium

A

Temporal process of zygomatic bone (sends 2 processes back) to zygomatic process of temporal bone (send 2 processes forwards)
to each other
processes form zygomatic arch

ANAT 214 (5 decks)

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