Lab 2: Skull and Cranial Foramina Flashcards
what is purpose of mandibular fossa
jaw connects
located between styloid process and zygomatic arch
loss of sensation on left side of face, superior to eyebrow
blinking and squinting unaffected
brow can be furrowed
which cranial nerve has tumour?
trigeminal
V1 = ophthalmic branch
loss of sensation on left side of face, superior to eyebrow AND CHIN–>FOREHEAD
CANNOT FEEL HOT/COLD LIQUIDS ON ANTERIOR LEFT OF TONGUE
DIFFICULTY CHEWING ON LEFT SIDE
brow can be furrowed
blinking and squinting unaffected
which cranial nerve has tumour further grown onto?
V3 = mandibular
V2 = maxillary
probably on trigeminal root
difficulty speaking
can make sounds - muscles of vocalization unaffected
difficulty making specific sounds that involve movement of tongue against palate or teeth
imaging reveals stenosis of bony canal in occipital bone
which canal? and which nerve impinged?
hypoglossal canal
hypoglossal nerve
pinched so affects motor - muscles of tongue
mouth dry
ability to taste diff foods reduced
can smile and squint w/o trouble
which nerve damaged?
glossopharyngeal damaged
can still do facial expressions so facial nerve not affected= why asked to smile and squint (motor affects facial muscles)
but no, also salivary gland affected = glossopharyngeal
ORIGIN - cnI olfactory
FORAMEN
FUNCTION
origin = brain
foramen = cribriform foramen - ethmoid
function = special sense - smell
ORIGIN - cnII optic
FORAMEN
FUNCTION
origin = brain
foramen = optic canal - sphenoid
function = special sense - vision
ORIGIN - cnIII oculomotor
FORAMEN
origin = midbrain
foramen = superior orbital fissure - sphenoid
FUNCTION - cnIII oculomotor
motor = extraocular muscles of eye (superior, inferior and medial rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris)
parasympathetic = iris, pupillary constriction
ORIGIN - cnIV trochlear
FORAMEN
FUNCTION
origin = midbrain
foramen = superior orbital fissure - sphenoid
function = motor - extraocular muscle, superior oblique
ORIGIN - cnV trigeminal
FORAMEN
origin = PONS for all branches
V1 oph foramen = superior orbital fissure
V2 max foramen = rotundum
V3 mand foramen = ovale
FUNCTION - V1
sensory - skin of upper face
FUNCTION - V2
sensory - skin of middle face, upper teeth and lip
FUNCTION - V3
sensory - skin of lower face, lower teeth, ant 2/3 of tongue (NOT TASTE)
motor - muscles of mastication
what provides general sensory to tongue
lingual nerve of mandibular nerve (V3)
ORIGIN - cnVI abducens
FORAMEN
FUNCTION
origin = pontomedullary junction
foramen = superior orbital fissure
function = motor - extraocular muscle, lateral rectus
ORIGIN - cnVII facial
FORAMEN
origin = pontomedullary junction
foramen = through internal acoustic meatus –> out via stylomastoid foramen
FUNCTION - cnVII facial
motor - muscles of facial expression
special sensory - taste to ant 2/3 of tongue (chorda tympani)
parasympathetic - lacrimal gland, salivary glands (sublingual and submandibular), nose and palate
ORIGIN - cnVIII vestibulocochlear
FORAMEN
FUNCTION
origin = pontomedullary junction
foramen = internal acousic meatus
function = sensory - hearing, cochlear branch, balance = vestibular branch
ORIGIN - cnIX glossopharyngeal
FORAMEN
origin = medulla
foramen = jugular foramen
FUNCTION - cnIX glossopharyngeal
sensory - post 1/3 tongue (general and special - TASTE), GVA (carotid body), somatic sensory to pharynx above epiglottis
motor - small muscle of pharynx - stylopharyngeus
parasympathetic - salivary gland (parotid)
ORIGIN - cnX vagus
FORAMEN
origin = medulla
foramen = jugular foramen
FUNCTION - cnX vagus
sensory - larynx ONLY
motor - larynx and pharynx
parasympathetic - cardiac, pulmonary and esophageal plexuses, foregut and midgut
ORIGIN - cnXI spinal accessory
FORAMEN
FUNCTION
origin = medulla and spinal cord
foramen = jugular foramen (up through foramen magnum then back via jugular foramen)
function = motor - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
ORIGIN - cnXII hypoglossal
FORAMEN
FUNCTION
origin = medulla
foramen = hypoglossal canal
function = motor - muscles of tongue
