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ANAT 214 > Cranial Nerves Pt 1 > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

describe cranial neves

A

cranial extension of spinal nerves
12 numbered pairs, rostral to caudal (most cranial to foramen magnum)
roots located in base of brain and brainstem
pass through cranial foramina to their destination

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2
Q

are all cranial nerves the same

A

NOOO
mixed
do not all carry same info
can be sensor - visceral/somatic and motor - visceral/somatic

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3
Q

name types of cranial nerves

A

General somatic - aff/eff
general visceral aff/eff (ans)
special somatic - aff outside body
special visceral - aff inside body

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4
Q

give ex of general somatic cn

A

aff/eff
skeletal muscles in head, neck and skin

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5
Q

give ex of general vsiceral cn

A

aff/eff - ans
blood vessels
Salivary glands
intraocular muscles (control pupil dilation)

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6
Q

give ex of special somatic cn

A

aff - outside body
vision and hearing/balance

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7
Q

give ex of special visceral cn

A

aff- inside body
taste and smell

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8
Q

name special senses

A

vision
hearing/balance
taste
smell

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9
Q

Mnemonic for cn names

A

Oh = olfactory
Oh = optic
Oh = oculomotor
To = trochlear
Touch = trigeminal
And = abducens
Feel = facial
A = vestibulocochlear
Girl’s = glossopharyngeal
Very = vagus
Soft = spinal accessory
Hands = hypoglossal

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10
Q

Mnemonic for cn info (it carries)

A

Some = sensory (special)
Say = sensory (special)
Marry = motor
Money = motor
But = both
My = motor
Brother = both
Says = sensory (special)
Big = both
Brains = both
Matter = motor
More = motor

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11
Q

what is cn1

A

olfactory nerve
visceral
afferent
special sensory
odorant stimuli to brain

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12
Q

describe cn 1

A

receptor nerve endings line nasal mucosa of ethmoid (lateral and medial aspect)
fibers pass through cribriform foramina in olfactory bulb in cribriform plate =
synapse here and then onto brain via olfactory tract
fibers pass through only one direction
soft tissue - mucosa covers usually

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13
Q

describe cn v

A

trigeminal
3 roots, tripartite, big roots in pons
mixed = carries mainly sensory info from anterior head, face and jaws & motor innervation to muscles of mastication

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14
Q

where do all branches of cn v pass through

A

foramina in sphenoid

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15
Q

name the 3 branches of cn v

A

v1 = ophthalmic
v2 = maxillary
v3 = mandibular

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16
Q

describe cn v1 - gen

A

passes through orbit
Innervates forehead - sensory

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17
Q

describe cn v1 - sensory innervation to where

A

to orbit and anterior nasal = nasocilliary
anterior scalp = frontal
lacrimal gland/upper eye lid = lacrimal

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18
Q

describe cn v1 - exit

A

via superior orbital fissure
along with cn iii, iv, vi

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19
Q

name 3 branches of cn v1

A

nasociliary
frontal
lacrimal

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20
Q

describe nasociliary nerve - cn v1

A

orbit, eye (cornea), nose and nasal cavity
innervates = disappears into nasal cavity & medial wall of orbit
small nerve

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21
Q

describe frontal nerve - cn v1

A

to scalp/upper face
exits via supraorbital foramen

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22
Q

describe lacrimal nerve - cn v1

A

related to lacrimal gland (tear)= sits laterally and superiorly in own orbit
sensory for lacrimal gland
innervates surface of eye and eyelid
NOT MOTOR - wont stimulate tears

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23
Q

describe cn v2 - gen

A

passes through orbit floor and exits onto face
sensory - mouth

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24
Q

describe cn v2 - sensory innervation to where

A

cheeks, lateral nose, lower eyelids and upper lip = infraorbital
Inferior/posterior nasal cavity = nasopalatine
palate = nasopalatine, greater and lesser palatine
maxillary teeth = superior alveolar, via maxillary sinus

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25
Q

describe cn v2 - exit

A

foramen rotundum

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26
Q

name cn v2 branches

A

infraorbital
superior alveolar
nasopalatine
greater/lesser palatine nerves

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27
Q

describe infraorbital nerve - cn v2

A

in floor of orbit - maxilla
exits via infraorbital foramen
sensory innervation to side of face and nose and upper lip (skin)

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28
Q

describe superior alveolar nerve - cn v2

A

branching pattern of maxillary
sends branches to upper teeth

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29
Q

describe nasopalatine nerve - cn v2

A

lower half of nasal cavity and gums (inferior)

30
Q

describe greater/lesser palatines nerve - cn v2

A

enter hard palate
roof of mouth and back portion of soft palate

31
Q

describe cn v3 - gen

A

towards mandible
sensor and motor (motor to muscles of mastication)

32
Q

describe cn v3 - sensory innervation to where

A

temple, lower face (ears, lower jaw and lip), inner cheek, anterior 2/3 of tongue = lingual, general sensation
mandibular teeth = inferior alveolar
chin = mental

33
Q

describe cn v3 - exit

A

foramen ovale

34
Q

name cn v3 branches

A

motor
lingual
inferior alveolar
mental

35
Q

describe motor nerve - cn v3

A

muscles of mastication - outside
lateral pterygoid - inside and outside tempralis and masseter

36
Q

describe lingual nerve - cn v3

A

tongue
general sensory - hot/cold, textures to anterior 2/3 of tongue

37
Q

describe inferior alveolar nerve - cn v3

A

within mandible with branches to lower teeth
conveyed back to brain
sensory input lower teeth
exits onto face = sensory for chin/lower lip = mental foramen

38
Q

describe mental nerve - cn v3

A

from inferior alveolar nerve
exits through mental foramen in mandible

39
Q

describe cn vii - gen

A

facial nerve
special sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue
taste, chorda tympani joining lingual nerve (hitchhikes)

40
Q

describe cn vii - functions

A

motor innervation to muscles of facial expression –> somatic motor efferent
Parasympathetic to lacrimal, nasal, palatal glands and salivary glands = stimulates tear glands, mucous (hitchhikes on lacrimal)
SUBLINGUAL and SUBMANDIBULAR

41
Q

where does cn vii originate

A

between pons and medulla = pontomedullary junction

42
Q

how does cn vii exit

A

facial nerve comes out internal acoustic meatus (just below petrous ridge) along with cn viii –> branches to nasal, lacrimal and palatal glands, passes in wall of middle ear
leaves skull via stylomastoid foramen (free portion of cn vii to muscles of facial expression)

43
Q

describe chorda tympani - cn vii

A

comes back into middle ear then goes out and joins lingual = special sensory (visceral), taste to ant 2/3 of tongue

44
Q

describe cn ix - gen

A

glossopharyngeal
tongue pharynx

45
Q

describe cn ix - functions

A

special visceral (taste) & somatic sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue (area not covered by facial nerve)
Parasympathetic to parotid gland (sits in front of ear)- salivation
sensory/motor innervation to areas/muscles of pharynx = sends food down tube, cough if go down wrong way, gag reflex
GVA innervation to carotid body = gva from carotid body located in carotid sinus (swelling at bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries)

46
Q

describe cn ix - origin

A

just next to cn vii and cn viii
ponto medullary junction

47
Q

describe cn ix - exit

A

via jugular foramen
(with cn x, xi and internal jugular vein)

48
Q

what is carotid body

A

collection of chemoreceptors (specialized cells) at bifurcation of carotid arteries in neck (in carotid sinus)
monitors blood chemistry = ph, oxygen, carbon dioxide levels and temp

49
Q

describe cn x - gen

A

very long
wanderer
vagus

50
Q

describe cn x - functions

A

somatic motor to pharynx and larynx –> speech via superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves
somatic sensory to larynx
Parasympathetic to lungs, tb tree, esophagus and most guts = almost all the way to end of gut (small and 2/3rd large intestines), efferent ans

51
Q

describe cn x - exit

A

Jugular foramen

52
Q

describe cn x - root

A

root big
posterior to pontomedullary junction

53
Q

describe cn x - secondary functions

A

somatic motor innervation = muscle at back of throat, continue movement of food to eso
Recurrent laryngeal = control over muscles to speak - superior and recurrent controls laryngeal muscles

54
Q

describe parasympathetic innervations - gen

A

ans = effernt
rest and digest
craniosacral outflow

55
Q

describe parasympathetic innervations - cn iii

A

oculomotor nerve to pupil
pupillary constriction

56
Q

describe parasympathetic innervations - cn vii

A

facial nerve to lacrimal gland, nasal cavity, sublingual and submandibular salivary glands, palate = production of tears, saliva

57
Q

describe parasympathetic innervations - cn ix

A

glossopharyngeal to parotid gland = increased salivation

58
Q

describe parasympathetic innervations - cn x

A

vagus to lungs, tb tree, heart, esophagus, guts (foregut and midgut)

59
Q

describe cn xi - gen

A

spinal accessory
motor cranial nerve only
primarily spinal organ ~C1-C6

60
Q

describe cn xi - enter

A

foramen magnum

61
Q

describe cn xi - exit

A

jugular foramen - onto sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

62
Q

describe cn xi - specifics about origin

A

large portion comes from spinal nerves but still considered a cranial nerve
spinal origin has to go back into cranial cavity via foramen magnum
joins cranial part and comes back out via jugular foramen and goes into muscles (sternocleidomastoid and traps)

63
Q

describe cn xii - gen

A

hypoglossal
motor only

64
Q

describe cn xii - originates

A

originates in medulla oblongata
passes through hypoglossal canal into neck then innervates all but one intrinsic/extrinsic tongue muscle

65
Q

describe cn xii - exit

A

hypoglossal canal in occipital
just above foramen magnum
(ventral, inferior to vagus nerve)

66
Q

describe cn xii - secondary fucntions

A

speech = muscles of mastication to open and close mouth
vagus modulates voice box position
move tongue around so will not touch teeth/roof of mouth

67
Q

describe overlapping territories of some cranial nerves

A

some functions, organs or regions supplied by multiple cranial nerves
clinically useful for diagnosing lesions

68
Q

describe overlapping territories of face

A

general somatic sensory = cn v, 3 branches trigeminal
general somatic motor = cn vii facial

69
Q

describe overlapping territories of tongue

A

cn v3 (mandibular) = gen somatic sensory ant 2/3 of tongue (pain, texture, etc)
cn vii (facial, chorda tympani hitchhike) = special visceral sensory ant 2/3 tongue (taste)
cn ix (glossopharyngeal) = special visceral and somatic sensory to post 1/3 tongue (hot/cold from back of tongue)
cn xii (hypoglossal) = somatic motor = tongue muscles

70
Q

describe overlapping territories of salivation

A

cn vii = glossopharyngeal (parotid)
cn ix = facial (sublingual and submandibular)

ANAT 214 (5 decks)

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