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ANAT 214 > Cranial Nerves Pt 1 > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

describe cranial neves

A

cranial extension of spinal nerves
12 numbered pairs, rostral to caudal (most cranial to foramen magnum)
roots located in base of brain and brainstem
pass through cranial foramina to their destination

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2
Q

are all cranial nerves the same

A

NOOO
mixed
do not all carry same info
can be sensor - visceral/somatic and motor - visceral/somatic

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3
Q

name types of cranial nerves

A

General somatic - aff/eff
general visceral aff/eff (ans)
special somatic - aff outside body
special visceral - aff inside body

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4
Q

give ex of general somatic cn

A

aff/eff
skeletal muscles in head, neck and skin

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5
Q

give ex of general vsiceral cn

A

aff/eff - ans
blood vessels
Salivary glands
intraocular muscles (control pupil dilation)

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6
Q

give ex of special somatic cn

A

aff - outside body
vision and hearing/balance

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7
Q

give ex of special visceral cn

A

aff- inside body
taste and smell

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8
Q

name special senses

A

vision
hearing/balance
taste
smell

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9
Q

Mnemonic for cn names

A

Oh = olfactory
Oh = optic
Oh = oculomotor
To = trochlear
Touch = trigeminal
And = abducens
Feel = facial
A = vestibulocochlear
Girl’s = glossopharyngeal
Very = vagus
Soft = spinal accessory
Hands = hypoglossal

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10
Q

Mnemonic for cn info (it carries)

A

Some = sensory (special)
Say = sensory (special)
Marry = motor
Money = motor
But = both
My = motor
Brother = both
Says = sensory (special)
Big = both
Brains = both
Matter = motor
More = motor

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11
Q

what is cn1

A

olfactory nerve
visceral
afferent
special sensory
odorant stimuli to brain

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12
Q

describe cn 1

A

receptor nerve endings line nasal mucosa of ethmoid (lateral and medial aspect)
fibers pass through cribriform foramina in olfactory bulb in cribriform plate =
synapse here and then onto brain via olfactory tract
fibers pass through only one direction
soft tissue - mucosa covers usually

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13
Q

describe cn v

A

trigeminal
3 roots, tripartite, big roots in pons
mixed = carries mainly sensory info from anterior head, face and jaws & motor innervation to muscles of mastication

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14
Q

where do all branches of cn v pass through

A

foramina in sphenoid

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15
Q

name the 3 branches of cn v

A

v1 = ophthalmic
v2 = maxillary
v3 = mandibular

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16
Q

describe cn v1 - gen

A

passes through orbit
Innervates forehead - sensory

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17
Q

describe cn v1 - sensory innervation to where

A

to orbit and anterior nasal = nasocilliary
anterior scalp = frontal
lacrimal gland/upper eye lid = lacrimal

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18
Q

describe cn v1 - exit

A

via superior orbital fissure
along with cn iii, iv, vi

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19
Q

name 3 branches of cn v1

A

nasociliary
frontal
lacrimal

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20
Q

describe nasociliary nerve - cn v1

A

orbit, eye (cornea), nose and nasal cavity
innervates = disappears into nasal cavity & medial wall of orbit
small nerve

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21
Q

describe frontal nerve - cn v1

A

to scalp/upper face
exits via supraorbital foramen

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22
Q

describe lacrimal nerve - cn v1

A

related to lacrimal gland (tear)= sits laterally and superiorly in own orbit
sensory for lacrimal gland
innervates surface of eye and eyelid
NOT MOTOR - wont stimulate tears

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23
Q

describe cn v2 - gen

A

passes through orbit floor and exits onto face
sensory - mouth

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24
Q

describe cn v2 - sensory innervation to where

A

cheeks, lateral nose, lower eyelids and upper lip = infraorbital
Inferior/posterior nasal cavity = nasopalatine
palate = nasopalatine, greater and lesser palatine
maxillary teeth = superior alveolar, via maxillary sinus

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25
describe cn v2 - exit
foramen rotundum
26
name cn v2 branches
infraorbital superior alveolar nasopalatine greater/lesser palatine nerves
27
describe infraorbital nerve - cn v2
in floor of orbit - maxilla exits via infraorbital foramen sensory innervation to side of face and nose and upper lip (skin)
28
describe superior alveolar nerve - cn v2
branching pattern of maxillary sends branches to upper teeth
29
describe nasopalatine nerve - cn v2
lower half of nasal cavity and gums (inferior)
30
describe greater/lesser palatines nerve - cn v2
enter hard palate roof of mouth and back portion of soft palate
31
describe cn v3 - gen
towards mandible sensor and motor (motor to muscles of mastication)
32
describe cn v3 - sensory innervation to where
temple, lower face (ears, lower jaw and lip), inner cheek, anterior 2/3 of tongue = lingual, general sensation mandibular teeth = inferior alveolar chin = mental
33
describe cn v3 - exit
foramen ovale
34
name cn v3 branches
motor lingual inferior alveolar mental
35
describe motor nerve - cn v3
muscles of mastication - outside lateral pterygoid - inside and outside tempralis and masseter
36
describe lingual nerve - cn v3
tongue general sensory - hot/cold, textures to anterior 2/3 of tongue
37
describe inferior alveolar nerve - cn v3
within mandible with branches to lower teeth conveyed back to brain sensory input lower teeth exits onto face = sensory for chin/lower lip = mental foramen
38
describe mental nerve - cn v3
from inferior alveolar nerve exits through mental foramen in mandible
39
describe cn vii - gen
facial nerve special sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue taste, chorda tympani joining lingual nerve (hitchhikes)
40
describe cn vii - functions
motor innervation to muscles of facial expression --> somatic motor efferent Parasympathetic to lacrimal, nasal, palatal glands and salivary glands = stimulates tear glands, mucous (hitchhikes on lacrimal) SUBLINGUAL and SUBMANDIBULAR
41
where does cn vii originate
between pons and medulla = pontomedullary junction
42
how does cn vii exit
facial nerve comes out internal acoustic meatus (just below petrous ridge) along with cn viii --> branches to nasal, lacrimal and palatal glands, passes in wall of middle ear leaves skull via stylomastoid foramen (free portion of cn vii to muscles of facial expression)
43
describe chorda tympani - cn vii
comes back into middle ear then goes out and joins lingual = special sensory (visceral), taste to ant 2/3 of tongue
44
describe cn ix - gen
glossopharyngeal tongue pharynx
45
describe cn ix - functions
special visceral (taste) & somatic sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue (area not covered by facial nerve) Parasympathetic to parotid gland (sits in front of ear)- salivation sensory/motor innervation to areas/muscles of pharynx = sends food down tube, cough if go down wrong way, gag reflex GVA innervation to carotid body = gva from carotid body located in carotid sinus (swelling at bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries)
46
describe cn ix - origin
just next to cn vii and cn viii ponto medullary junction
47
describe cn ix - exit
via jugular foramen (with cn x, xi and internal jugular vein)
48
what is carotid body
collection of chemoreceptors (specialized cells) at bifurcation of carotid arteries in neck (in carotid sinus) monitors blood chemistry = ph, oxygen, carbon dioxide levels and temp
49
describe cn x - gen
very long wanderer vagus
50
describe cn x - functions
somatic motor to pharynx and larynx --> speech via superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves somatic sensory to larynx Parasympathetic to lungs, tb tree, esophagus and most guts = almost all the way to end of gut (small and 2/3rd large intestines), efferent ans
51
describe cn x - exit
Jugular foramen
52
describe cn x - root
root big posterior to pontomedullary junction
53
describe cn x - secondary functions
somatic motor innervation = muscle at back of throat, continue movement of food to eso Recurrent laryngeal = control over muscles to speak - superior and recurrent controls laryngeal muscles
54
describe parasympathetic innervations - gen
ans = effernt rest and digest craniosacral outflow
55
describe parasympathetic innervations - cn iii
oculomotor nerve to pupil pupillary constriction
56
describe parasympathetic innervations - cn vii
facial nerve to lacrimal gland, nasal cavity, sublingual and submandibular salivary glands, palate = production of tears, saliva
57
describe parasympathetic innervations - cn ix
glossopharyngeal to parotid gland = increased salivation
58
describe parasympathetic innervations - cn x
vagus to lungs, tb tree, heart, esophagus, guts (foregut and midgut)
59
describe cn xi - gen
spinal accessory motor cranial nerve only primarily spinal organ ~C1-C6
60
describe cn xi - enter
foramen magnum
61
describe cn xi - exit
jugular foramen - onto sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
62
describe cn xi - specifics about origin
large portion comes from spinal nerves but still considered a cranial nerve spinal origin has to go back into cranial cavity via foramen magnum joins cranial part and comes back out via jugular foramen and goes into muscles (sternocleidomastoid and traps)
63
describe cn xii - gen
hypoglossal motor only
64
describe cn xii - originates
originates in medulla oblongata passes through hypoglossal canal into neck then innervates all but one intrinsic/extrinsic tongue muscle
65
describe cn xii - exit
hypoglossal canal in occipital just above foramen magnum (ventral, inferior to vagus nerve)
66
describe cn xii - secondary fucntions
speech = muscles of mastication to open and close mouth vagus modulates voice box position move tongue around so will not touch teeth/roof of mouth
67
describe overlapping territories of some cranial nerves
some functions, organs or regions supplied by multiple cranial nerves clinically useful for diagnosing lesions
68
describe overlapping territories of face
general somatic sensory = cn v, 3 branches trigeminal general somatic motor = cn vii facial
69
describe overlapping territories of tongue
cn v3 (mandibular) = gen somatic sensory ant 2/3 of tongue (pain, texture, etc) cn vii (facial, chorda tympani hitchhike) = special visceral sensory ant 2/3 tongue (taste) cn ix (glossopharyngeal) = special visceral and somatic sensory to post 1/3 tongue (hot/cold from back of tongue) cn xii (hypoglossal) = somatic motor = tongue muscles
70
describe overlapping territories of salivation
cn vii = glossopharyngeal (parotid) cn ix = facial (sublingual and submandibular)

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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