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ANAT 214 > Abdominal Neurovasculature > Flashcards

Abdominal Neurovasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Where does abdominal aorta enter abdomen

A

Enters abd at t12 through thoracic aperture
Descends along vertebral column, left to midline

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2
Q

Where does abdominal aorta terminate

A

Terminates at l4
Bifurcates into 2 common iliac arteries
2-2.5 cm below umbilicus

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3
Q

Describe branches of abdominal aorta

A

Paired parietal posterior
Paired visceral lateral
Unpaired anterior

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4
Q

Describe paired parietal posterior branches abd aorta

A

Related to post abd wall
Branches = Inferior phrenic, Lumbar arteries

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5
Q

Describe inferior phrenic (paired parietal posterior)

A

1st branches from aorta, under thoracic aperture
Follows inf surface diaphragm (recall musclophrenic and phrenic = ant and lat surface)

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6
Q

What does inferior phrenic give (paired parietal posterior)

A

Superior suprarenal arteries- to suprarenal gland

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7
Q

Describe lumbar arteries (paired parietal posterior)

A

4 pairs, l1-l4
From post aspect abd aorta to along vertebral body
Also vascularizes spinal chord - segments, cns - and post abd wall

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8
Q

Describe paired visceral later branches abd aorta

A

Retro visceral
Branches = middle suprarenal, renal, gonadal

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9
Q

Describe middle suprarenal (paired visceral lateral)

A

Arise on each side aorta, superior to renal arteries
Vascularize suprarenal renal glands (superior pole kidneys)

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10
Q

Describe renal (paired visceral lateral)

A

Large vessels arise on each side aorta, almost lateral to SMA,
Left and right renal artery
Vascularize kidneys = 1.2l/min

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11
Q

Describe left renal artery vs right renal artery (paired visceral lateral)

A

Left renal = 1/2 shorter than right
Right renal = passes behind ivc
OPPOSITE FOR RENAL VEINs

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12
Q

What does renal give (paired visceral lateral)

A

Inferior suprarenal arteries

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13
Q

Describe gonadal (paired visceral lateral)

A

Testicular or ovarian
Urinary and reproductive blood supply comes from abd region bc embryology
Arise inferior to renal arteries on anterolateral surface aorta
Directed inferiorly, crosses over ureter and travels down psoas

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14
Q

Describe where gonadal goes for males and females (paired visceral lateral)

A

Male = in spermatic cord in inguinal canal
Female = to ovary in pelvic cavity

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15
Q

Describe unpaired visceral anterior branches abd aorta

A

Branches = celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric

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16
Q

What does celiac trunk supply

A

Foregut
Arises on ant surface aorta, right below aortic aperture - t12

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17
Q

Name the 3 branches of celiac trunk

A

Left gastric
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery

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18
Q

Describe left gastric (celiac trunk)

A

Uppermost branch celiac trunk
Follows lesser curvature stomach
Vascularize lesser curvature stomach, inferior portion eso (abdominal) and lesser omentum

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19
Q

What does left gastric give (celiac trunk)

A

Gives oesophageal branches

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20
Q

Describe common hepatic artery

A

Large vessels
Directed to right - to liver

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21
Q

Name the 2 branches common hepatic gives (celiac trunk)

A

Proper hepatic artery
Gastroduodenal artery

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22
Q

Describe proper hepatic artery (celiac trunk)

A

Goes towards liver (also cystic)

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23
Q

What does proper hepatic artery give (celiac trunk)

A

Right gastric (for lesser curvature stomach) - anastomose with left gastric
Right and left hepatic arteries

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24
Q

Describe gastroduodenal artery (celiac trunk)

A

Goes down towards pancreas and duodenum

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25
Q

What does gastroduodenal artery give (celiac trunk)

A

Right gastro omental artery
Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

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26
Q

Describe splenic artery (celiac trunk)

A

Large curled vessel, directed to left, passing posterior to stomach

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27
Q

What does splenic artery give (celiac trunk)

A

Pancreatic arteries
Left gastro omental= anastomose with right gastro omental artery
Short gastric artery = Vascularize fundus of stomach

28
Q

What does superior mesenteric supply (celiac trunk)

A

Anterior surface aorta
Behind neck of pancreas
Anterior to left renal vein
Vascularize midgut, transition d2 recall

29
Q

What does superior mesenteric give (celiac trunk)

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries - 1st branch, anastomose with superior pancreaticoduodenal
All other branches si = jejunal, ileal, iliocolic, right colic middle colic

30
Q

What does inferior mesenteric supply (celiac trunk)

A

Anterior surface aorta, l3, inferior to duo
Vascularize hind gut

31
Q

What does inferior mesenteric give (celiac trunk)

A

Left colic - anastomose with middle colic via marginal colic branch
Sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery

32
Q

Describe inferior vena cava

A

Originates where 2 common iliac veins merge
Drains post abd wall and retro organs
Ascends on right side vertebral column, passes posterior to liver and enters thoracic cavity through canal aperture - t8

33
Q

What can we use ivc for - clinical

A

To help repair rupture of abd aorta, can live w/o ivc

34
Q

Describe what drains posterior abd wall

A

Inferior phrenic veins and lumbar veins (4)= drain post abd wall and diaphragm
Ascending lumbar veins

35
Q

Describe ascending lumbar - drains post abd wall

A

Between lumbar veins, continuous with azygous system
Functions as collateral pathway between ivc and svc
Drains into ivc

36
Q

Describe veins of Retroperitoneal organs

A

Renal, suprarenal and Gondal veins

37
Q

Describe drainage of gonadal and suprarenal veins

A

Left gonadal and suprarenal veins drain into left renal vein
NOT ivc directly
NOT THE SAME AS RIGHt= drains directly into ivc

38
Q

Describe veins of Intraperitoneal organs

A

Hepatic veins = drains liver to return blood to systemic circulation, immediately inferior to canal aperture

39
Q

Does ivc has anterior unpaired vein branches from gi

A

Nahhhahahhah

40
Q

What is hepatic portal vein

A

Drains All segments gi
Downstream vessel, before liver
Passes posterior to duo, enters hepatoduodenal ligament, most pos structure
Major anatomical variation, usually connection of splenic and superior mesenteric

41
Q

Name the 3 main branches of portal vein

A

Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric vein

42
Q

Describe splenic vein - branch of portal vein

A

Drains spleen and part of foregut - receives short gastrics, esophageal, left gastro omental and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins

43
Q

Describe superior mesenteric vein - branch of portal vein

A

Midgut, drains si and most of li, same as sma tributaries
Receives right gastro omental and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins

44
Q

Describe inferior mesenteric vein - branch of portal vein

A

Drawings hindgut, same as ima tributaries
Left colic, sigmoidal, superior renal (NOT middle and inf rectal)
Smaller than sma

45
Q

Where does inferior mesenteric vein DRAIN - branch of portal vein

A

Drains into splenic vein but sometimes directly into hepatic portal vein

46
Q

What is portosystemic anastomosis

A

Drains by 2 systems
Hepatic portal system drains abd viscera, organs to liver
If high portal vein pressure - like in cirrhosis = less blood flows to liver but wil reflux into systemic circulation through portosystemic anastomosis

47
Q

Describe gastroesophageal junction - portosystemic anastomosis

A

Esophageal veins from left gastric vein to azygous system
Reflux into esophageal veins = esophageal varices

48
Q

Describe anorectal junction - portosystemic anastomosis

A

Superior rectal veins to middle and inferior rectal veins
Reflux into veins from internal iliac arteries = hemorrhoids

49
Q

Describe umbilicus - portosystemic anastomosis

A

Paraumbilical veins to anterior abd wall
Causes Caput medusae - distend stomach, engorged superficial epigastric veins

50
Q

Describe portosystemic anastomosis - clinical Gen

A

Portal hypertension = varicoceles and hemorrhoids

51
Q

Describe sympathetic innervation

A

T1-l2
Thoracic splanchnic = pass from sympathetic trunk in thorax to prevertebral plexus and ganglia, pass through diaphragm Cura

52
Q

When want to reach organs-viscera…

A

Does not synapse, moves on and meets group

53
Q

Compare para vs pre vertebral

A

Para = on each side
Pre = in front

54
Q

Describe lumbar splanchnic nerves

A

2-4 splanchnic nerve
From lumbar portion of sympathetic trunk to aortic and superior hypogastric plexuses (prevertebral ganglia or plexus)

55
Q

Describe prevertebral ganglia and plexus - Gen

A

Presynaptic neurons of thoracic splanchnic nerves synapse in prevertebral ganglia
Prevertebral plexus and ganglia associated to aortic branches

56
Q

What are major ganglia (prevertebral ganglia and plexus)

A

Organization of cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons

57
Q

Name and describe the 4 types of major ganglia (prevertebral ganglia and plexus)

A

Celiac= 2, associated with celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric = 1, associated with sma
Inferior mesenteric =1, associated with ima
Aorticorenal = 2, associated with renal arteries

58
Q

Describe psns innervation - which types

A

Vagus - Cnx
Pelvic splanchnic

59
Q

Describe vagus psns innervation

A

Through esophageal hiatus
Reach celiac and superior mesenteric regions
Will synapse in organs wall
Psns innervation to foregut and midgut

60
Q

Describe pelvic splanchnics - psns

A

S2-s4
Enters inferior hypogastric plexus in pelvis
Ascend through hypogastric nerve
Reach inferior mesenteric region (superior hypogastric plexus and aortic plexus)

61
Q

Describe what plexus means

A

Abdominal prevertebral plexus = v complex
Many ganglia around
Do not know if psns or sns
Collection of nerve fibers surrounding aorta and branches

62
Q

Where do fibers of sns and psns synapse for plexuses

A

Sns = synapses in prevertebral ganglia
Psns = synapse in wall of target organ

63
Q

Name the 3 kinds of plexuses

A

Celiac
Aortic
Superior hypogastric

64
Q

Describe celiac plexus

A

Nerve fibers related to sma and celiac trunk
Psns =vagal trunk
Sns = greater and lesser splanchnics

65
Q

Describe aortic plexus

A

Nerve fibers of anterior surface of abd aorta from sma to aortic bifurcation
Psns = pelvic splanchnic
Sns = lumbar splanchnic
Once bifurcation = now called superior hypogastric plexus

66
Q

Describe superior hypogastric plexus

A

Same as aortic plexus but below aortic bifurcation
Connected to inferior hypogastric plexus via hypogastric nerve

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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