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ANAT 214 > Intro to Pelvis and Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Intro to Pelvis and Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the pelvis

A

Bowl shaped region made by pelvic bones, ligaments and muscles

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2
Q

What is pelvis divided into

A

2 regions = false and true pelvis

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3
Q

Describe false pelvis

A

Greater
Superior to pelvic inlet
Part of abd cavity
Contains abdominal viscera, larger, rectum and sigmoid colon
Funnels into true pelvis
Bladder and ureters can extend into false pelvis - protrude into abd region

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4
Q

Describe true pelvis

A

Inferior to pelvic inlet
Continuous with abd cavity
Contains pelvic viscera
Has inlet and outlet - bony framework

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5
Q

Describe inlet of true pelvis

A

Comepletly surrounded by bones and joints
Defines upper border of true pelvis

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6
Q

Describe outlet of true pelvis

A

Closed by fibromuscular pelvic floor - pelvic floor seals outlet, maintains pressure of abdominal cavity, muscular pressure
Separates pelvic cavity to perineum below

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7
Q

Describe tilt of pelvis

A

Titled forwards, asis and psi’s in same plane as pubic tubercle

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8
Q

What is the hip bone

A

Pelvic bone, composed of 3 parts, 2 bones initially

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9
Q

Describe ilium

A

Articulates with sacrum - sacroiliac joint
Hand on waist, iliac crest

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10
Q

Describe pubis

A

Pubic tubercle -
Formed by 2 rami - superior and inferior form pubic symphysis and obturator foramen

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11
Q

Describe ischium

A

Forms the sit bone

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12
Q

Describe pubic tubercle

A

In front of pubic symphysis

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13
Q

When do all 3 parts of pelvis bone get fused

A

Fuse at 18 yo
Fused around acetabulum - hip joint, at 16-18 yo
Neonates and teens = not fused fully, takes time to make full bone

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14
Q

Name the easily palpable pelvic bone features

A

Iliac wing and crest

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15
Q

Describe iliac wing

A

Concave anterioly
Forms iliac fossa, where caecum and iliacus muscle are

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16
Q

Describe iliac crest

A

Superior edge of iliac wing, connects =
ASIS (ant sup iliac spine, ant end iliac crest) and PSIS (post sup iliac spine, post end iliac crest)

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17
Q

Describe pelvic inlet - brim

A

Bisects ilium and pubic regions respectively
Medial aspect pelvic, Seprates true and false pelvis

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18
Q

Describe ischial spine

A

Posterior bony projection
Separates above and below
= greater and lesser sciatic notches
Important insertion fo ligaments, very delicate, divides posterior pelvis into 2 notche

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19
Q

Describe ischial tuberosity

A

Sit bone
Large swelling postero inferiorly

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20
Q

Describe obturator foramen

A

Between pubic rami - closed by obturator membrane
At jucntion of ischial tuberosity and pubic bone, have big opening, O shaped
Faces medial thigh, n/v to medial thigh

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21
Q

Describe sacrum

A

Appearance of inverted triangle
Formed by fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae
Between each fused vertebrae = sacral foramina

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22
Q

What is function of sacrum

A

Keystone = push into sacrum and distribute weight - mechanical force on 2 sides of pelvis, pushes and distributes wight on the 2 pelvic bones, help maintain shape too

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23
Q

Describe joints of sacrum

A

Base articulates with l5
Apex articulates with Coccyx
Lateral surfaces articulate with pelvic bone via sacroiliac joints - 2 joints, wedges in here, synovial = forms pelvic girdle

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24
Q

Describe coccyx

A

Small terminal part of vertebral column
Formed by fusion 4 vertebrae

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25
Describe joints of coccyx
Base articulates with sacrum
26
Describe pelvic girdle
Ring like bony frame formed by pelvic bones and sacrum Sex speciic features different
27
Describe Afab pelvic girdle
Gynaecoid Subpubic angle = angle between index and thumb = 90-100 degrees Pelvic inlet more circular - larger pelvic outlet - wider, between inferior pubic rami Overall is wide and shallow = allow for birth
28
Describe amab pelvic girdle
Subpubic angle = between index and middle finger = 70 degrees Pelvic inlet more heart shaped - can tilt more Overall is narrow and deep
29
Describe ligaments of pelvis - gen
Major compeonts of lateral wall Need to keep pelvis upwards = ligaments to support, need solid framework, reinforced by anchors = keep upwards so prevent falling into false pelvis
30
Name ligaments of pelvis
Sacrospinous ligament Sacrotuberous ligament
31
What is role of pelvic ligaments
Stabilize sacrum on pelvic bone - resisting tilting off sacrum Close sciatic notches into sciatic foramina - closes notches Openings for pelvic viscera
32
Where is greater sciatic foramen in relation to ligaments
Superior to sacrospinous ligamnent
33
Where is lesser sciatic foramen in relation to ligaments
Inferior to sacrospinous ligament and anterior to sacrotuberous ligament
34
Describe pelvic wall muscles generally
2 muscles contribute to pelvic wall Muscles are originating in pelvic cavity but attach to femur
35
Describe obturator internus
From deep surface obturator foramen and membrane Contributes to anterolateral pelvic wall Leaves pelvic cavity throug lesser sciatic foramen - inserts on bony edge of opening Covers obturator foramen Reaches femur proximally
36
Describe piriformis
Post lat wall pelvic, pigeon pose, From anterior surface of sacrum Contributes to posterior pelvic wall Leaves pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen Divides greater sciatic foramen into 2 = above and below muscle Also reaches hip joint, external rotation, int and ext rotation, depends on hip joint flexion, close to big sciatic nerve too
37
Describe pelvis gateways
Pelvic wall muscles sealing off almost the whole pelvis - forms like a bowl Except for a few openings through pelvic wall
38
Describe obturator canal
Opening in obturator membrane covering obturator foramen
39
Describe greater sciatic foramen
Greater sciatic notch closed by sacrotuberous ligament and is divided into 2 by piriformis muscles = sup - superior gluteal region and inf = inferior gluteal region
40
Describe lesser sciatic foramen
Lesser sciatic notch closed by sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
41
Describe pelvic outlet - gateways
Inferior opening of true pelvis, closed by pelvic floor Anterior = inferior bony border or pubis to ischial tuberosity Posterior = sacrotuberous ligament, strong
42
What is pelvic floor formed by
Pelvic diaphragm muscles Perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch
43
Describe pelvic diaphragm
Muscular part of pelvic floor consists of 2 muscles = levator ani and coccygeus Seals outlet
44
Describe Levator ani
One on each side Support viscera and maintain closure of rectum and vagina Originate from pelvic wall, forming 3 units
45
Describe puborectalis - levator ani
Pubic bone and slinging behin rectum Connects to contralateral side, slings behin rectum, prevents pubic incontinence
46
Describe pubococcygeus - levator ani
Pubic bone to coccyx
47
Describe iliococcygeus - levator ani
Tending us arch over obturator internus and ischial spine to coccyx Muscle inserting on top of other muscle Reinforces fascia of obturator internus - induce mechanical force, now thicker
48
Describe how levator ani connects - on sides
Each side of joint posterior to vagina and around anal aperture Anterior u shaped opening = urogenital hiatus,urethra and vagina
49
Describe coccygeus
One on each side, overlies sacrospinous ligament Originates from coccyx bone and distal end sacrum —> ischial spine Inserts on base coccyx = wing tail, muscle Outside = ligament, inside = muscle
50
Describe perineal memebrane
Seals the 2 bones = pubic and ischial tuberosity, outside levator ani, tough, fibrotic membrane, tight perineal region Thick triangular fascial structure attached to pubic bones Overarching urogenital hiatus Posterior edge is free, inserts on midline to perineal body Provides attachement for ext genitalia - so not weighing on muscles
51
Describe deep perineal pouch
Space between perineal membrane and pelvic diaphragm (levator ani) contains thin muscular sheet = sphincters for urethra
52
Perineal body
Central tendon of perineum Ct structure into which muscles of pelvic floor and perinuem attach Junction between levator ani and perineal membrane, anchors the 2
53
Describe pelvic organs - overview
Contained within true pelvis, between opening s Space contained between pelvic inlet and outlet
54
Describe pelvic organs - cavity
Inlet = pelvic brain Outlet = bony border of pubis to ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous lig Contains = urinary, gi and repro systems most ant = bladder, most post = rectum
55
Describe pelvic organs - afab
Uterus and vagina betwene bladder and anus
56
Describe pelvic organs - amab
Glands associated with repro system between bladder and rectum
57
Describe rectum
Most posterior element of pelvic viscera Follows concave contour of sacrum
58
Describe anorectal junction
Pulled forward by levator ani - puborectalis sling, slinging of muscle induces kink Forms 90 degree angle closing anal canal Moves Anal canal into posterior direction as it passes through pelvic flor Allows to hold feces in rectal ampulla
59
Describe defecation
Intra abd pressure increases Puborectalis relaxes = anorectal jucntion straightens - 140 degrees Relaxation of internal - involuntary - and external - voluntary - anal spinchters Much weight of feces, int and ext sphincters cannot hold on own
60
When is anorectal angle straighter
When squatting during delectation
61
Describe bladder
On top of pubic bone, 1st organ Most anterior element of pelvic viscera
62
Describe bladder when full vs empty
Full = expands into abd cavity, over pelvic brim inlet Empty = entirely contained in pelvic cavity
63
What is bladder shaped like
3 sides pyramid tipped over one side
64
Describe apex of bladder
Directed towards pubic symphysis Median umbilical lig suspends it to ant abd wall
65
Describe median umbilical ligament
To avoid unneeded weight and presssure on urinary sphincters, = suspend badder, so only weight of urine pushing on sphincter
66
Describe base of bladder
Inverted triangle 2 ureters enter bladder to each posterosuperior corners Urethra drains from Lowe corner at neck of bladder
67
Describe trigone of bladder
Betwene openings = mucosa smooth, forms trigone, smooth structure No detrusor since cannot pull on urethra or ureters = fixed in space, trigone connects them and urine flows easy, smooth funnel
68
What is muscle inside bladder
Except for trigone = detrusor muscle
69
Describe how ureters enter pelvis
Crossing the bifurcation of common iliac artery
70
Describe where pelvic portion uterers located
Located posterior - behind gonadal vessels, - water under the bridge, most posterior structure
71
Where do ureters enter bladder
To each posterosuperior corners
72
Describe inside the bladder - ureters
Inter uteri’s ridge connects the 2 urethral orifices = forms superior border of trigone
73
Name the orifices of bladder
Ureteral orifices - opening, kidney stones can be lodged For urethra
74
Describe Sacrospinous ligament
From ischial spine to sacrum and Coccyx
75
Describe Sacrotuberous ligament
More superficial Post post iliac spine, post surface sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosity

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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