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ANAT 214 > Lab 7: Heart and Mediastinum > Flashcards

Lab 7: Heart and Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Describe boundaries of mid mediastinum

A

Sup = sternal angle
Inf = diaphragm
Ant and post = fibrous pericardium

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2
Q

Name roots of great vessels visible in mid mediastinum

A

Aorta
Pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries =x2 and pulmonary veins = x4
Ivc and svc

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3
Q

What is ligamentum arteriosum

A

Ductus arteriosus closes = remnant
Shunt between pulmonary trunk and aorta - bypasses lungs

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4
Q

Name neurovasculature outside pericardium

A

Phrenic
Pericardiophrenic vessels

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5
Q

Describe phrenic

A

In front of hilum and vagus - posterior to hilum
Cardiac plexus

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6
Q

Describe pericardiophrenic vessels

A

Arteries and veins
Run with phrenic nerves

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7
Q

What else can we see in mid mediastinum

A

Coronary circulation
Heart and pericardial coverings
Primary bronchi = left and right

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8
Q

Name the layers of the pericardium and their function generally

A

Serous membrane, pericardial cavity = potential space
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal serous pericardium
Visceral pericardium

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9
Q

Describe fibrous pericardium

A

Attaches to diaphragm and sternum
Encompasses all, anchored to root of gre vessels and at diaphragm
Pericardial fat

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10
Q

Describe parietal serous pericardium

A

Against fibrous

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11
Q

Describe visceral serous pericardium

A

Against heart
Epicardial fat

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12
Q

Describe coronary arteries

A

First branch aorta
Blood to heart

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13
Q

Describe coronary sinus

A

Means you are posterior in av sulcus
Drains into right atrium along with svc and ivc
Opening close to ivc

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14
Q

Name and describe branches of right coronary artery

A

Sinoatrial nodal branch = runs between svc and aorta towards posterior aspect, under - around auricle of right atrium
Right marginal artery = apex, towards side
Posterior interventricular artery = middle back, in some people = comes from left coronary

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15
Q

Name and describe branches of left coronary artery

A

Anterior interventricular artery = big, down middle
Circumflex branch = around back and gives =
Left marginal artery = comes down sides

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16
Q

Describe venous drainage of heart - mainly

A

Great cardiac vein = travels with anterior interventricular artery then with circumflex a
Middle cardiac vein = travels with posterior interventricular artery
Small cardiac veins = travels with right marginal artery

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17
Q

Where do great, middle and small cardiac veins drain

A

Into coronary sinus

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18
Q

Where do anterior cardiac veins drain

A

Right = drains into right atrium

19
Q

Describe psns and sns for heart

A

Sns = increase hr, sympathetic chain
Psns = decrease hr, vagus branches

20
Q

Describe filling of coronary arteries

A

Filled during diastole = ventricular relaxation
Aortic valve must be closed (semilunar)
Excess blood filled up valve

21
Q

Describe right atrium and ventricle

A

Pulmonary circulation
Atrium = collect deoxygenated from body = svc, ivc, and coronary sinus (all but svc has valves)
Ventricle = deoxygenated from atrium and pump to pulmonary trunk and arteries (left and right)

22
Q

Describe characteristics of right atrium

A

Svc and ivc openings into here
Opening for coronary sinus = near ivc
Fossa ovalis = circular indent, shunts = right to left atrium
Auricle
Pectinate muscle
Crista terminalis

23
Q

Describe walls of right atrium

A

Smooth posterior wall
Ant and lateral = pectinate muscle, expand without stress on wall

24
Q

What is crista terminalis of right atrium

A

Line, junction between pecitinate and smooth muscles

25
Q

Describe right ventricle

A

Right av valve = tricuspid
Connects cusps to chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
Trabeculae carnae= wall texture
Pulmonary valve = lead to pulmonary trunk
Septomarginal = aka moderator band

26
Q

Describe cups of right av valve - tricuspid

A

3 lobes like lung
Ant, post and septal cusps

27
Q

What is fiction of papillary muscles

A

When shut during systole = Prevent backflow = holds cusps, prevent PROLAPSE

28
Q

Describe aortic and pulmonary valve

A

Both have 3 cusps
Semi lunar for both

29
Q

Describe left atrium and ventricle

A

Systemic circulation

30
Q

Describe left atrium

A

Auricle
Openings for pulmonary veins x4
Reverse imprint of fossa ovalis
less pectinate muscle

31
Q

Describe left ventricle

A

Left av valve = bicuspid/mitral valve = only 2 cusps
Chordae tendinae and papillary muscles = 2 sets
Trabeculae carnae
Aortic valve leading to ascending aorta
Ventricle = way thicker = to whole body

32
Q

Describe borders of anterior mediastinum

A

Ant = sternum
Post = anterior surface pericardial sac
Sup= sternal angle
Inf= diaphragm
Lat= mediastinal surface of lungs

33
Q

Describe contents of anterior mediastinum

A

Thymus Gland = lymphoid, T cells, degeneration in adults
Fat
Ct

34
Q

Describe border of superior mediastinum

A

Ant = manubrium - sup vs inf = manubriosternal joint
Post = vertebrae and thoracic wall
Superior = rib 1/superior thoracic aperture
Inferior = thoracic plane - plane between sternal angle and vertebrae t4/5
Lat= mediastinal surface of lungs

35
Q

Describe contents of superior mediastinum= arterial

A

Arterial = branches of arch of aorta: 1 brachiocephalic trunk (right subclavian and common carotid), 2 left common carotid, 3 left subclavian

36
Q

Describe difference between right and left vagus nerves

A

Right = under right subclavian artery, outside mediastinum
Left =in superior mediastinum, under aortic arch

37
Q

Describe posterior mediastinum borders

A

Ant= post surface of pericardial sac
Post = posterior thoracic wall
Superior = thoracic plane, plane between sternal angle and vertebrae t4/5
Inferior = diaphragm
Lat = mediastinal surface lungs

38
Q

Describe contents of posterior mediastinum = arterial

A

Arterial = thoracic -descending aorta (posterior intercostal arteries)

39
Q

Describe contents of superior mediastinum = venous

A

Venous = right and left brachiocephalic veins margining into svc, arch of azygous

40
Q

Describe contents of superior mediastinum = nerves

A

Nerves = right and left vagus and their recurrent laryngeal branches, right and left phrenic nerves, sympathetic chain, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus

41
Q

Describe contents of superior mediastinum = lymphatics and organs

A

Lymphatics = right lymphatic and thoracic ducts = drains into internal jugular + subclavian
Organs = trachea - ant to - eso

42
Q

Describe contents of posterior mediastinum = venous

A

Venous = azygous (drains in sup, but located in post mediastinum) and hemi azygous system (post intercostal veins) = bypass svc and ivc, drains into base svc —> atrium, abdominal and thoracic wall

43
Q

Describe contents of posterior mediastinum = nervous

A

Nervous = left and right vagus transitioning to anterior and posterior a gal trunks After hilum of lungs, respectively, with associated plexuses, sympathetic Chain, splanchnic nerves = 3

44
Q

Describe contents of posterior mediastinum = lymphatics and organs

A

Lymphatics = thoracic duct - posterior
Organs = esophagus

ANAT 214 (25 decks)

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