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ANAT 214 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what is fascia

A

lateral band/bandage –> sleeve of ct, around anatomical structures
ensures smooth gliding of compartments with each other

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2
Q

name the 4 compartments and fasciae of neck

A

1- musculofascial compartment
2- vertebral compartment
3- carotid compartment
4- visceral compartment

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3
Q

describe musculofascial collar of neck

A

contains sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, infrahyoid muscles
encircled by deep cervical fascia around whole neck (sleeve of ct)
deep to skin, muscle collar surrounds neck

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4
Q

describe vertebral compartment of neck

A

contains neck muscles, vertebral column + spinal cord
encircled by prevertebral fascia

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5
Q

describe carotid compartment of neck

A

contains carotids (system), internal jugular vein (huge), vagus nerve
Encircled by the carotid sheath

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6
Q

describe visceral compartment of neck

A

Contains trachea, larynx, pharynx, esophagus, thyroid/parathyroid glands
encircled by pretracheal fascia

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7
Q

how many triangles - main ones - of neck - name

A

2 on each side
bounded by muscles and bones
posterior
anterior

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8
Q

describe posterior neck triangle - gen boundaries

A

trapezius = posterior (anterior border of trap)
sternocleiodmastoid = ant (back edge forms ant)
clavicle = inferior

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9
Q

describe anterior neck triangle - gen boundaries

A

sternocleidomastoid = posterior
midline of neck = anterior (at sagittal plane)
mandible = superior (inf of mandible)

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10
Q

name components of posterior triangle - skin

A

deep cervical fascia covers trap
prevertebral fascia (next layer, deeper)

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11
Q

name components of posterior triangle - nerves

A

sensory nerves - branches of spinal nerves (c2-c4)
to neck and bottom part of head and scalp
spinal accessory nerve (XI) = motor - innervates deep side of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
brachial plexus= trunks, between ant and mid scalene muscles, bunch of nerves that come out - runs from armpits to fingers, origin in neck

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12
Q

name components of posterior triangle - a/v

A

external jugular = when shout loudly, makes x with sternocleidomastoid

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13
Q

name components of posterior triangle - muscles

A

scalene muscles = posterior (ps), middle (ms), and anterior (as)

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14
Q

describe jugular veins - gen

A

3 pairs of veins and their connections

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15
Q

describe jugular veins drain- specifics/gen

A

internal jugular = drain contents of skull - including brain, orbits, cavities
external and anterior jugular veins = superficial structures of scalp and face and neck
everything from head and neck (cranial cavity, orbit, nasal and oral cavities)

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16
Q

describe internal jugular vein

A

deep/medial to sternocleidomastoid
internal, protected, bigger, parallel to external jugular, deep to sternocleidomastoid
drains cranial cavity

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17
Q

describe external jugular vein

A

Superficial, crosses sternocleidomastoid
drains into subclavian first

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18
Q

describe anterior jugular vein

A

first drains to external jug vein
runs down surface of face - infrahyoid muscles

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19
Q

what is subclavian

A

major veins of upper limbs

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20
Q

describe complete drainage pathway of jugular veins - posterior triangle of neck

A

1 - ant jug drains into ext jug (across, over to ext jug before hits subcalvian)
2 - ext jug drains into subclavian
3 - int jug joins subclavian –> vein becomes brachiocephalic (arm-head), vein –> one from arm and one from head
4 - 2 brachiocephalic veins then meet to form superior vena cava

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21
Q

describe anterior compartment of neck - gen

A

hyoid bone = more mobile bone so will move when swallow and phonation
2 categories of muscles = above hyoid - suprahyoid muscles and below hyoid = infrahyoid muscles

22
Q

describe anterior compartment of neck = suprahyoid muscles - gen functions

A

elevation of hyoid
secondary = depression of mandible - pull open-since mandible also mobile

23
Q

describe anterior compartment of neck = suprahyoid muscles - NAME MUSCLES - 4

A

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
digastric

24
Q

describe mylohyoid (suprahyoid muscles)

A

mylohyoid line –> superior hyoid
innervation = cnV3

25
Q

describe geniohyoid (suprahyoid muscles)

A

mandibular symphysis –> superior hyoid
innervation = c1

26
Q

describe stylohyoid (suprahyoid muscles)

A

styloid process –> superior hyoid
innervation= cnVII
has split allowing digastric to pass through

27
Q

describe digastric (suprahyoid muscles)

A

ad/pd - 2 bellies
mastoid process –> mandibular symphysis via fibrous loop on hyoid
Through split in stylohyoid - changes direction of pull of muscle
innervation = POST - cnVII and ANT - cnV3

28
Q

describe function of suprahyoid muscles when mandible fixed

A

mandible fixed by muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter and pterygoids) - pull on mandible - keep shut, fix tmj
elevation of hyoid and larynx (swallowing and phonation)- when contract suprahyoid muscles
temporalis fixes mandible enough to let suprahyoid muscles pull hyoid out of way - flap epiglottis shut

29
Q

describe function of suprahyoid muscles when hyoid fixed

A

hyoid fixed by infrahyoid muscles - contracts and acts like anchor
digastric depresses mandible, assisted by stylohyoid, geniohyoid and mylohyoid
pulls on fibrous loop and pulls geniohyoid towards mandible
initiates mouth opening

30
Q

describe function of suprahyoid muscles- additional functions

A

many = modulates vocal tract length, elevating floor of oral Cavity (mylohyoid), etc

31
Q

describe anterior compartment of neck = infrahyoid muscles - innervation

A

infrahyoid muscles aka strap muscles
c1-c3 via ansa cervicalis loop

32
Q

describe anterior compartment of neck = infrahyoid muscles - NAME

A

thyrohyoid
sternothyroid
sternohyoid
omohyoid

33
Q

describe thyrohyoid (infrahyoid muscles)

A

thyroid –> hypoid (lateral)
stops at thyroid

34
Q

describe sternothyroid (infrahyoid muscles)

A

upper posterior sternum/clavicle –> thyroid
stops at thyroid

35
Q

describe sternohyoid (infrahyoid muscles)

A

-upper posterior sternum/calvicle –>anterior hyoid
longer, covers sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

36
Q

describe omohyoid (infrahyoid muscles)

A

subscapular fossa –> curvature of hyoid (to shoulder blades)
superior belly
inferior belly - sits between sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

37
Q

describe actions of infrahyoid muscles - specifics

A

depression or resistance of hyoid against elevation (pull down on hyoid)
return larynx and hyoid to position after swallow
or after making sounds that cause elevation of larynx (raising pitch) – shortens vocal cords

38
Q

describe actions of infrahyoid muscles - gen/secondary as well

A

depression of hyoid
Secondary = resisting elevation of hyoid, holds on to it, will not get pulled up by suprahyoid muscles

39
Q

describe how we can further divide ant triangle of neck

A

by omohyoid, digasstric and hyoid
into 4 subtriangles

40
Q

name the 4 subtriangles of anterior neck

A

submental
Muscular
Carotid
submandibular

41
Q

describe submental triangle - subtriangle of ant triangle of neck

A

suprahyoid muscles
tributaries to anterior jugular vein
many lymph nodes
mylohyoid nerve

42
Q

describe muscular triangle - subtriangle of ant triangle of neck

A

most infrahyoid muscles
anterior jugular vein
deep = if remove infrahyoid muscles can see thyroid a/v, thyroid gland, larynx/trachea and esophagus

43
Q

describe carotid triangle - subtriangle of ant triangle of neck - BORDERS

A

superior = posterior digastric
posterior = sternocleidomastoid
anterior = omohyoid

44
Q

describe arteries/veins of carotid triangle

A

carotid arteries = eca, ica
carotid body –> cnIX (connected to glossopharyngeal)
branches of external carotid (up to facial) = facial + vein, lingual, superior thyroid a/v = first branch eca, provides to larynx and pharynx
internal jugular vein and tributaries

45
Q

describe nerves of carotid triangle

A

cnX = vagus, runs with int carotid and jugular
cnXII = hypoglossal, exits via jugular foramen, lopps and goes to extrinsic tongue muscles
Sympathetic chain
superior cervical ganglion (bulge of sns), retropharyngeal view - can see it

46
Q

describe submandibular triangle - subtriangle of ant triangle of neck - BORDERS

A

superior = inferior margin of mandible
posterior/inf = posterior digastric
anterior =anterior digastric
*fibrous loop - digastrics

47
Q

describe glands of submandibular triangle

A

submandibular gland
recall - tube that leads from gland to caruncle, drains into oral cavity

48
Q

describe lymphatics of submandibular triangle

A

lymph nodes
swells with infections
immune functions

49
Q

describe neurovasculature of submandibular triangle

A

lingual and facial a/v
for facial = artery off eca - side of mandible, vein = drains face- into internal jugular
cnXII = hypoglossal - innervates big muscle of root of tongue

50
Q

describe muscles of submandibular triangle

A

geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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