Lab 6: Thoracic Wall and Lungs Flashcards
name and describe the borders of the thoracic cage
anterior = sternum
posterior = thoracic vertebrae
lateral = ribs
name and describe apertures of thorax - brief
superior thoracic aperture (inlet) - head and neck to thorax
inferior thoracic aperture (outlet)- thorax to abdomen (closed off by diaphragm)
name parts of sternum
manubrium
manubriosternal junction
body of sternum
xiphisternal junction
xiphoid process
describe manubrium of sternum
suprasternal/jugular notch
at level of t2 posteriorly
describe manubriosternal junction of sternum
sternal angle
at level of t4/t5 posteriorly (corresponds to rib 2)
describe body of sternum
long part
describe xiphisternal junction of sternum
at level of t9 posteriorly
where is costal facet
on transverse process
describe costal facet on transverse process
articulates with tubercle of rib
where are vertebral demi facets
- on vertebral bodies
describe vertebral demi facets on vertebral bodies
2
Articulates with head of rib
name and describe levels of types of ribs
true ribs = 1-7
false ribs = 8-10
floating ribs = 11-12
describe true ribs
attaches to sternum via costal cartilage
describe false ribs
attaches to sternum via costal margin
describe floating ribs
does not attach to sternum
no tubercle or costotransverse joint
describe features of typical ribs = head
bumpy, flat part of head
describe features of typical ribs = neck
between head and tubercle
describe features of typical ribs = tubercle
bump
articular and non articular surfaces
describe features of typical ribs = angle
Curve
describe features of typical ribs = costal groove
always inferior - at bottom
neurovasculature here
nerve for each rib inside costal groove
describe features of typical ribs = costal cartilage
attach rib to sternum
describe vertebrae
body
transverse processes
spinous process
superior articular processes
inferior articular processes
describe joints - ribs to sternum
costochondral joint = ribs to costal cartilage, ribs 8-10
sternocostal joint = costal cartilage to sternum
describe atypical ribs - features
ribs 1 and 10-12 = lack costovertebral articulations with superior vertebrae (only articulates with superior demi facet of same # rib)
describe sternocostal joints
1st rib = synchondrosis (no movement)
2-7 = synovial plane/gliding (some movement)
describe costochondral joints
between sternal end of rib and costal cartilage
no movement
costal margin
describe costovertebral joints
2
between head of rib and vertebral demi facets of thoracic vertebrae
articulates with superior demi facet of same numbered rib and inferior demi facet of above
describe costotransverse joints
between tubercle of rib and costal facet of transverse process of thoracic vertebrae with same number
describe interchondral joints
between costal cartilages
makes up costal margin
some movement
unique type of synovial joint
ribs 7-10
which muscles used during resting respiration
diaphragm
name layers of intercostal muscles
3 layers = external, internal and innermost
describe external intercostal muscles
outside
elevate ribs and sternum during forced inspiration
ant to inf, posterior tubercle to costal cartilage
describe internal intercostal muscles
sternum (ant) –> backwards to costal angle, depress ribs and sternum during forceful expiration
describe innermost intercostal muscles
inside = same fiber orientation ad internal and same function
describe transversus thoracis muscles
xiphoid process and body to costalc artilage 2-6
depress ribs and sternum during forceful expiration
describe vasculature of thoracic wall
aorta to subclavian –> internal thoracic arteries and veins
musculophrenic a/v= blood to anterior diaphragm
internal thoracic arteries –> anterior or
posterior (from thoracic aorta)
front and back (ant and post) meet at each level = anastomoses
describe innervation of thoracic wall
spinal nerves = t1-12
split, sensory, motor
somatic only anterior rami
t1-11 = intercostal
t1= subcostal
cutaneous branches = sensory to skin
VAN
vein
artery
nerve
between internal and innermost intercostal muscles
ant and post intercostal nerve in costal groove = split
describe pleurae of lungs
double membrane
serous fluid
fluid, neg pressure - inflate, so vol increases and pressure decreases so air goes inside
describe parietal pleura
line thoracic cavity
sensory innervation from intercostal nerves and phrenic nerve
describe visceral pleura
lines lung
innervated by ans, sympathetic chain (t2-6), parasympathetic - vagus nerve
together forms anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses
name important features of lungs - gen
apex and base of lungs
hilum
name important features of lungs - right lung
superior, middle and inferior lobes
horizontal and oblique fissures
impressions = sup vena cava, azygous vein, esophagus
name important features of lungs - left lung
superior, inferior lobes
Oblique fissure
impressions = cardiac (notch), aortic arch, descending aorta, esophagus
lingula
describe features of right lung
diaphragm - liver impression
apex, base
describe features of left lung
apex, base
Diaphragm - stomach impression
cardiac impression and lingula = not on right side
what do pulmonary artery and vein carry
pulmonary artery = deoxy blood
pulmonary vein = oxygenated blood
what is primary bronchus
airway entering into lungs
describe lymph nodes - lung hilum
hilar (bronchopulmonary) lymph nodes = located in hilum of lungs
often visible as black pea shaped nodules
responsible for draining pulmonary nodes found within the deep tissues of the lung
what keeps diaphragm alive
c3,4,5
name features of trachea - descending
trachea with c shaped cartilage
primary bronchi
carina (trachea bifurc)
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
