Lab 10: Posterior Abdominal Wall, Pelvis, Pelvic Floor, and Viscera

Question 1

Name bones that border post abd wall

Answer 1

5 lumbar vertebrae - lordosis
Sacrum = fused vertebrae
Bone = ilium

Question 2

Name general muscles of post abd wall

Answer 2

Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus

Question 3

Describe psoas major

Answer 3

Inserts on ether side, n/v, t12-l5, through pelvis and inserts on femur

Question 4

Describe quadratus lumborum

Answer 4

Rib 12 to top of iliac crest, rectangular

Question 5

Iliacus

Answer 5

In iliac fossa, psoas and iliacus join and insert on femur

Question 6

Describe lateral accurate ligament

Answer 6

Quadratus lumborum passes underneath it

Question 7

Describe medial accurate ligament

Answer 7

Psoas comes out udner
More lateral than median

Question 8

Describe median accurate ligament

Answer 8

Middle, aorta comes out, t12

Question 9

Describe right and left crura

Answer 9

Right = Lower bc liver l1-l3
Left = l1-l2

Question 10

Describe thoracic duct

Answer 10

With aorta

Question 11

Name other structure passing through diaphragm

Answer 11

Vagus
Thoracic splanchnic nerves - general
Ascending lumbar/ hemi azygous veins
Sympathetic trunk = under medial accurate ligament
Esophagus
IVC

Question 12

Describe ureter

Answer 12

Tube, behind retro organs, over iliac vessels
3 points of constriction = ueteropelvic junction, cross over common iliac vessels,enter bladder

Question 13

Describe kidney position

Answer 13

Retro
Anterior to quadratus
Lateral to psoas
Inferior to diaphragm
Laterally = convex shape, medially = hilum

Question 14

Describe innervation of kidney

Answer 14

Renal plexus, from celiac plexus
Sympathetic =reduce blood flow

Question 15

Describe right kidney

Answer 15

Anterior to rib 12
L1-l3
Posterior to liver and descending duodenum and right colic flexure

Question 16

Describe left kidney

Answer 16

Anterior to rib 11 and 12
Posterior to spleen
Left colic flexure,tail pancreas

Question 17

Describe cortex of kidney

Answer 17

Extends into medially region = renal columns

Question 18

Describe medulla of kidney

Answer 18

Blood filtered here

Question 19

Describe renal pyramid and papilla

Answer 19

Pyramid =apex inwards
Through papilla

Question 20

Describe hilum of kidney

Answer 20

Renal vein, renal artery, ureter
Renal sinus = continuation of hilum

Question 21

Describe pathway of urine

Answer 21

Through papilla —> minor Calyx —> major calyx —> renal pelvis —> ureters

Question 22

Describe organization of renal Hilum

Answer 22

Anterior = renal vein, big and flat
Artery then ureter - at back posterior, right kidney

Question 23

Describe left renal vein syndrome

Answer 23

Left renal vein udner sma = entrapment syndrome and varicoceles possibles

Question 24

Describe variations in length of renal arteries and veins

Answer 24

Right renal arteyr longer
Left renal vein longer = also receives blood from other veins, left gonadal and left suprarenal

Question 25

Describe pelvis

Answer 25

Cont with abd wall

Question 26

Describe sacrum

Answer 26

5 fused vertebrae

Question 27

Describe hip bones

Answer 27

Ilium, ischium and pubic bones - 2 rami, fuse at acetabulum as age- puberty

Question 28

Describe ischial spine

Answer 28

Separates 2 sciatic notches

Question 29

Describe iliac crest

Answer 29

Where 2 meet = Asis and psis

Question 30

Describe inferior and superior rami

Answer 30

Forms obturator foramen

Question 31

Desribe true and false pelvis

Answer 31

True =lesser False = above pelvic inlet, has abd vsicera

Question 32

What forms lateral walls of pelvis

Answer 32

Ligaments

Question 33

Describe sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 33

Posterior sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosity

Question 34

Describe sacrospinous ligament

Answer 34

Ischial spine to sacrum

Question 35

Describe greater and lesser sciatic foramina

Answer 35

Created by sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament - 2 ligaments make notches into foramina

Question 36

Describe ischial spine - what does it make

Answer 36

Above = greater sciatic notch Below = lesser sciatic notch

Question 37

Describe pelvic girdle, Amab and afab

Answer 37

Amab = pelvic inlet heart shaped, narrows, smaller, deeper Afab = 90-100degrees, shallower, wider, circular

Question 38

Describe Sciatic nerve

Answer 38

Passes udner prifiormis

Question 39

Describe obturator internus

Answer 39

Muscle covers foramen Also obturator membrane And tendinitis arch of obturator internus Leaves pelvic cavity through lesser sciatic foramen

Question 40

What makes up wall of pelvis

Answer 40

Obturator internus and piriformis

Question 41

Describe piriformis

Answer 41

Anterior aspect sacrum and exits via greater sciatic foramen

Question 42

Describe coccygeus

Answer 42

Overlays sacrospinous ligament - on INSIDE

Question 43

What makes up pelvic floor

Answer 43

Levator ani = reinforces floor, closes rectum 3 parts = iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and puborectalis

Question 44

Describe iliococcygeus

Answer 44

Ishcial spine and tensions arch obturator internus, inserts here on obturator and when inserts = forms tendinous arch

Question 45

Describe pubococcygeus

Answer 45

Pubic —> anterior coccyx

Question 46

Describe puborectalis

Answer 46

Around rectum Pubic bones —> around rectum Keeps it closed Relaxes when poop

Question 47

Describe plevic diaphragm

Answer 47

Pelvic diaphragm,pelvic membrane and perineal pouch

Question 48

Describe perineal membrane

Answer 48

Sheet of fascia = forms pouch between pelvic diaphragm and perineal membrane Has thin muscles

Question 49

Describe perineal body

Answer 49

Converge central tendon

Question 50

Describe position of pelvic vsicera generally

Answer 50

Rectum = posterior Bladder = anterior

Question 51

Describe parts of bladder

Answer 51

Apex and base Median umbilical ligament suspends, at apex of baldder Detrusor muscle of bladder Urethra Ureters

Question 52

Describe urinary trigone

Answer 52

2 ureteric orifices - ureters enter, between = interuteric bridge And internal urethral orifice - urethra exit No detrusor here

Question 53

describe a saying to remember passages through diaphragm

Answer 53

I 8 10 EGGS AT 12 = ivc t8, eso t10 and aorta t12