Lab 10: Posterior Abdominal Wall, Pelvis, Pelvic Floor, and Viscera Flashcards
Name bones that border post abd wall
5 lumbar vertebrae - lordosis
Sacrum = fused vertebrae
Bone = ilium
Name general muscles of post abd wall
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus
Describe psoas major
Inserts on ether side, n/v, t12-l5, through pelvis and inserts on femur
Describe quadratus lumborum
Rib 12 to top of iliac crest, rectangular
Iliacus
In iliac fossa, psoas and iliacus join and insert on femur
Describe lateral accurate ligament
Quadratus lumborum passes underneath it
Describe medial accurate ligament
Psoas comes out udner
More lateral than median
Describe median accurate ligament
Middle, aorta comes out, t12
Describe right and left crura
Right = Lower bc liver l1-l3
Left = l1-l2
Describe thoracic duct
With aorta
Name other structure passing through diaphragm
Vagus
Thoracic splanchnic nerves - general
Ascending lumbar/ hemi azygous veins
Sympathetic trunk = under medial accurate ligament
Esophagus
IVC
Describe ureter
Tube, behind retro organs, over iliac vessels
3 points of constriction = ueteropelvic junction, cross over common iliac vessels,enter bladder
Describe kidney position
Retro
Anterior to quadratus
Lateral to psoas
Inferior to diaphragm
Laterally = convex shape, medially = hilum
Describe innervation of kidney
Renal plexus, from celiac plexus
Sympathetic =reduce blood flow
Describe right kidney
Anterior to rib 12
L1-l3
Posterior to liver and descending duodenum and right colic flexure
Describe left kidney
Anterior to rib 11 and 12
Posterior to spleen
Left colic flexure,tail pancreas
Describe cortex of kidney
Extends into medially region = renal columns
Describe medulla of kidney
Blood filtered here
Describe renal pyramid and papilla
Pyramid =apex inwards
Through papilla
Describe hilum of kidney
Renal vein, renal artery, ureter
Renal sinus = continuation of hilum
Describe pathway of urine
Through papilla —> minor Calyx —> major calyx —> renal pelvis —> ureters
Describe organization of renal Hilum
Anterior = renal vein, big and flat
Artery then ureter - at back posterior, right kidney
Describe left renal vein syndrome
Left renal vein udner sma = entrapment syndrome and varicoceles possibles
Describe variations in length of renal arteries and veins
Right renal arteyr longer
Left renal vein longer = also receives blood from other veins, left gonadal and left suprarenal
Describe pelvis
Cont with abd wall
Describe sacrum
5 fused vertebrae
Describe hip bones
Ilium, ischium and pubic bones - 2 rami, fuse at acetabulum as age- puberty
Describe ischial spine
Separates 2 sciatic notches
Describe iliac crest
Where 2 meet = Asis and psis
Describe inferior and superior rami
Forms obturator foramen
Desribe true and false pelvis
True =lesser
False = above pelvic inlet, has abd vsicera
What forms lateral walls of pelvis
Ligaments
Describe sacrotuberous ligament
Posterior sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosity
Describe sacrospinous ligament
Ischial spine to sacrum
Describe greater and lesser sciatic foramina
Created by sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament - 2 ligaments make notches into foramina
Describe ischial spine - what does it make
Above = greater sciatic notch
Below = lesser sciatic notch
Describe pelvic girdle, Amab and afab
Amab = pelvic inlet heart shaped, narrows, smaller, deeper
Afab = 90-100degrees, shallower, wider, circular
Describe Sciatic nerve
Passes udner prifiormis
Describe obturator internus
Muscle covers foramen
Also obturator membrane
And tendinitis arch of obturator internus
Leaves pelvic cavity through lesser sciatic foramen
What makes up wall of pelvis
Obturator internus and piriformis
Describe piriformis
Anterior aspect sacrum and exits via greater sciatic foramen
Describe coccygeus
Overlays sacrospinous ligament - on INSIDE
What makes up pelvic floor
Levator ani = reinforces floor, closes rectum
3 parts = iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and puborectalis
Describe iliococcygeus
Ishcial spine and tensions arch obturator internus, inserts here on obturator and when inserts = forms tendinous arch
Describe pubococcygeus
Pubic —> anterior coccyx
Describe puborectalis
Around rectum
Pubic bones —> around rectum
Keeps it closed
Relaxes when poop
Describe plevic diaphragm
Pelvic diaphragm,pelvic membrane and perineal pouch
Describe perineal membrane
Sheet of fascia = forms pouch between pelvic diaphragm and perineal membrane
Has thin muscles
Describe perineal body
Converge central tendon
Describe position of pelvic vsicera generally
Rectum = posterior
Bladder = anterior
Describe parts of bladder
Apex and base
Median umbilical ligament suspends, at apex of baldder
Detrusor muscle of bladder
Urethra
Ureters
Describe urinary trigone
2 ureteric orifices - ureters enter, between = interuteric bridge
And internal urethral orifice - urethra exit
No detrusor here
describe a saying to remember passages through diaphragm
I 8 10 EGGS AT 12
= ivc t8, eso t10 and aorta t12
