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ANAT 214 > Nasal Cavities > Flashcards

Nasal Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

define hard palate

A

separates oral and nasal cavities
roof of mouth

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2
Q

define pharynx

A

posterior to larynx
continuous with eso
begins at nasal cavity
posterior to oral cavities

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3
Q

define soft palate

A

makes separation between naso and oro pharynx
more squishy
uvula

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4
Q

define nasopharynx

A

posterior to pharynx

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5
Q

define oropharynx

A

inferior to nasopharynx

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6
Q

define laryngoharynx

A

posterior to larynx

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7
Q

define epiglottis

A

moves
space between oro and laryngo pharnx
shifts when swallow

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8
Q

describe nasal cavities - gen

A

pyramidal shaped space
divided into 2 equal halves by nasal septum
open at anterior (to outside) and posterior end (to nasopharynx)
bilaterally symmetrical around septum

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9
Q

describe choanae

A

internal openings
left and right

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10
Q

describe nasal septum

A

medial wall
bone and cartilage separation

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11
Q

describe nares

A

nostrils
External openings = holes open

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12
Q

describe floor of nasal cavity

A

hard palate

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13
Q

define conchae of nose

A

bones that come off 2 lateral walls (one at each end of nasal cavity)
turbinates
3x curved bony projections from lateral walls of each cavity
creates channels between them = meatuses

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14
Q

describe conchae of nose and spaces

A

superior concha
superior meatus
middle concha
middle meatus
inferior concha
inferior meatus

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15
Q

describe bony boundaries of nasal cavities - gen

A

neuro and viscerocranium

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16
Q

which bones make up superior/anterior part of lateral walls of nasal cavities

A

to nares –
lacrimal and nasal

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17
Q

which bones make up floor (hard palate) and lateral wall of nasal cavities

A

maxilla - primarily responsible for floor of nasal cavity and lateral wall
palatine - posterior region of floor, 2/3 hard palate and lateral wall

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18
Q

which bones make up roof and medial walls of nasal cavities

A

vomer = inf to ethmoid, creates medial wall (sticks out superiorly), attaches to maxilla and palatine
ethmoid = both sup and middle conchae come off, also contributes to LATERAL wall, sup to vomer

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19
Q

which bones make up roof and posterior lateral wall of nasal cavities

A

sphenoid- medial pterygoid plate, very end of nasal cavity

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20
Q

which bones make up roof - ant of nasal cavities

A

frontal - roof, top, anterior

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21
Q

describe inf nasal concha - bone

A

own bone even tho a projection from maxilla (grows out of it)

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22
Q

describe maxilla - more detailed, situate in nasal cavity

A

maxilla sends process between nasal and lacrimal bone
all 3 contribute to anterior aspect lateral wall

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23
Q

describe ethmoid - contributes to nasal cavity

A

crista galli
Perpendicular plate = medial wall
hard palate - maxilla - floor
sup and mid conchae = lateral wall - contributes to paranasal sinuses, air cells - pockets, inflates conchae

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24
Q

Describe conchae and meatuses - gen

A

conchae = grow out of lateral walls
meatuses = channels air, slows it down (acts as baffles)

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25
Q

Describe conchae and meatuses - sup vs inf

A

sup = tucked away in upper corner of nasal cavity - roof
inferior = own bone

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26
Q

what do the 3 conchae create

A

3 meatuses
channel air through nasal cavity from nares to choanae

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27
Q

what do conchae act as

A

baffles
restrains air flow to warm and humidify
increases surface area of mucosa

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28
Q

describe mucosa of nasal cavity - gen

A

richly vascularized
lining of soft tissue
helps warm and moisturize air
all inisde surfaces of nasal cavity are lined with mucosa

29
Q

describe mucosa of nasal cavity - function

A

warm humidify and filter air

30
Q

Describe pharyngotympanic tube - gen

A

connects nasopharynx and middle ear
allows pressure to be equalized on both sides of tympanic membrane
so will not get pain due to pressure difference (could push into middle ear)

31
Q

Describe ostium of pharyngotympanic tube - open/closed?

A

squished normally
not covered
connects tympanum to naso pharynx

32
Q

Describe paranasal sinuses - gen

A

holes within bones
4 paired air pilled spaces lined with mucosa

33
Q

Describe paranasal sinuses - functions

A

immune - mucosa, mucous
warming/humidify air
maybe = altering/amplifying voice (modulate freq)
scaling skull size - appropriately as grow (want to keep skull light, not grown solid bone, except for temporal - ear)
also need surface area to attach muscles of mastication without making skull heavy

33
Q

Describe paranasal sinuses - connections

A

connected medially to nasal cavities that grown within = frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid bones (air cells)
freely connected with nasal cavities

34
Q

describe paranasal sinuses - anatomically

A

maxillary sinus - pretty big, sits above teeth, opening behind middle concha
Frontal sinus = size varies
sphenoid sinus = anterior and inf, next to sella turcica

35
Q

Describe paranasal sinuses - drainage pathways generally

A

connected with nasal cavities (all drains into nasal cavity, not isolated)
mucous drains into nasal cavity - immune factors and other things to maintain proper function of nasal cavities

36
Q

Describe paranasal sinuses - drainage pathways specific pathways SPECFIFIFIICIIICICI

A

frontal, maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses drain into middle meatus (inf to middle concha)
Sphenoid sinus drains into sphenoethmoidal recess

37
Q

describe mucus accumulation - drainage pathways

A

mucous accumulation from sinuses can enter nasal cavity, then into nasopharynx via choanae
usually end up swallowing it

38
Q

what is sinusitis - clinical correlate

A

Inhaled air and pathogens can enter sinuses and lead to infections
poold in maxillary sinus, can also cause referred pain to upper teeth (via maxillary nerve v2 branches)
Mucous irritates nerves lining space = SUPERIOR alveolar nerves
if pathogen or virus
infection causes more mucous
inflammation

39
Q

what is pharyngotympanic tube aka

A

auditory tube
eustachian tube

40
Q

where is lacrimal gland

A

Superior lateral part of orbit

41
Q

describe lacrimal path - across eye

A

across eye towards medial aspect

42
Q

describe lacrimal gland innervation

A

tears - parasym, cnVII

43
Q

describe lacrimal puncta

A

openings
supposed to drain fluid from eyes
Crying = overwhelm puncta

44
Q

describe lacrimal sac

A

sits in fossa between lacrimal and maxilla bones

45
Q

describe lacrimal fossa

A

between lacrimal and maxilla bones
lacrimal sac drains into fossa (groove in medial wall of orbit)

46
Q

describe nasolacrimal duct

A

leads to nasal cavity
in inf meatus

47
Q

Describe lacrimal apparatus drainage

A

passes on from fossa –> nasolacrimal duct and drains into nasal cavity
arrives in nasal cavity = inf to inf nasal concha (inf meatus)
why we sniffle when cry = excess tears end up in nasal cavity

48
Q

describe carotid system - gen

A

blood supply to all organs and regions of the head
(also w/ contributions from vertebral arteries to the brain)

49
Q

what does common carotid artery do

A

detects pulse
Early branch at systemic blood system

50
Q

describe carotid system - bifurc

A

rises superiorly in neck and bifurcates at ~c4-5 level into internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA)

50
Q

describe carotid system - beginning

A

begins as common carotid artery - early branch of aorta

51
Q

describe carotid system - path

A

aorta –> common carotid a –> bifurcation –> ECA & ICA

52
Q

what does ICA supply

A

inside brain

52
Q

describe things at bifurcation of carotid

A

carotid sinus
body = regulated blood physiology (chemistry, glossopharyngeal)

53
Q

what does ECA supply

A

scalp
face
oral and nasal cavities

54
Q

where does ICA enter cranial cavity

A

via carotid canal and foramen lacerum

55
Q

describe ICA - branches

A

gives off large branch to orbit and eye = ophthalmic artery –> gives blood to orbit, eyes, lacrimal gland, goes through SOF to get to orbit
most branches supply blood to brain

56
Q

describe ECA - gen

A

main blood supply to structures of neck, face, scalp and oral and nasal cavities

57
Q

describe ECA - branch

A

maxillary artery = terminal branch eca (other = superficial temporal artery)
passes medial to mandible gives rise to branches to oral cavity

58
Q

describe a terminal branch of maxillary

A

sphenopalatine a
enters nasal cavity at sphenopalatine foramen (enters lateral posterior nasal cavity)
major blood supply for nasal cavity
ECA–> maxillary a –>sphenopalatine

59
Q

describe blood supply to nasal cavity - gen

A

arterial supply mainly from sphenopalatine a (nasal and septal branches)
from ethmoidal arteries, branches of ophthalmic (ICA)
forms connections - anastomoses - many parts - so arterial blood supply hard to find

60
Q

describe blood supply to nasal cavity - anatomically

A

ethmodial aa = next to cribirform plates
sphenopalatine foramen = entrance

61
Q

describe blood supply to nasal cavity - divisions

A

ant = from ICA (ethmoidal)
post = from ECA (maxillary, sphenopalatine)

62
Q

describe innervation of nasal cavity - gen sensory split

A

Innervation to nasal cavities = split between branches of trigeminal
= ophthalmic (v1) and maxillary nerve (v2)

63
Q

describe innervation of nasal cavity - ophthalmic branches

A

lines superior orbit
NFL, enters ant nose
anterior ethmoid nerve = branch of nasocilary, to ant and lateral walls including septal cartilage

64
Q

describe innervation of nasal cavity - maxillary branches

A

post territory
nasal nerves= branches of maxillary - to post, lateral, medial walls, include septal cartilage
nasopalatine = enters via sphenopalatine foramen, along vomer (border) and septum = medial wall
also enters oral cavity via incisive foramen (little canal) to palate (anterior palate)

65
Q

describe innervation of nasal cavity - special sensory

A

olfactory CN I
through cribriform plate –> olfaction only
lines superior and middle conchae and perpendicular plate

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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