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ANAT 214 > Assigned Female at Birth Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Assigned Female at Birth Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe overall anatomy

A

Has components in pelvis and perineum
During pregnancy uterus expands into abd cvaity

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2
Q

Name gonad related components

A

Overies
Uterine tubes
Uterus

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3
Q

Name tracts

A

Vagina
Vulva

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4
Q

Name accessory glands

A

Greater vestibular glands - bartholin’s
Para urethral glands - skene’s
Mostly for lubrication

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5
Q

Describe ovary

A

Almond shaped 3cm
Suspended by mesenstey - mesovarium (part of broad ligament)

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6
Q

Describe ovary - embryology

A

Originally developed high on post abd wall
Descend before birth to pelvic cavity
Lie on lateral wall, inferior to pelvic inlet
During descent - bring down neurovasculature and drainage

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7
Q

Describe ovary Role

A

Site of oogenesis - egg ova production
Eggs are ovulated towards opening of fallopian tube
Not temp sensitive so no temp control

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8
Q

Describe suspensory ssytem of ovary

A

Ovaries are both intra = superior pole and retroperitoneal = inferior pole
It floats

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9
Q

Where/how is ovary suspended

A

Suspended in peritoneum by ligament of ovary and suspensory ligament of ovary

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10
Q

Describe ligament of ovary

A

Inferior pole attached to superolateral corner of uterus (where egg needs to go)
Dragged down peritoneum
Anchor, another to connect to tube

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11
Q

Describe suspensory ligament of ovary

A

Peritoneal fold covering ovarian vessels and nerves from abd wall to superior pole of ovary
Thickening = ligament.

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12
Q

Describe fallopian tube

A

Paired muscular tubes
Extending from superolateral corners of uterus

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13
Q

Describe role of fallopian tube

A

Site of egg fertilization
Transmits ova from ovary and sperm from uterine cavity

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14
Q

Name parts of fallopian tube

A

Infundibulum - fimbriae
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterine tube ostium

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15
Q

Describe fimbriae - of uterine tube

A

Fringe of tissue around ostium of tube - catch ovum during ovalulation, moves but more active during ovulation
Fingers, filaments, peristaltic contractions, allows movements

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16
Q

Describe infundibulum of uterine tube

A

At bottom of fimbriae - funnel
Trumpet shaped terminal part open to peritoneal cavity next to ovary

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17
Q

Describe ampulla of uterine tube

A

Widest part
Normal site of fertilization

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18
Q

Describe isthmus of uterine tube

A

Narrowest part

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19
Q

Describe uterine tube ostium

A

Opening of tube into uterine cavity

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20
Q

What is inside fallopian tube

A

Bunch of cilia = movements will bring to uterine ostium, to uterine cavity

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21
Q

Describe implantation sites of pregnancy

A

Usually occurs in uterine endometrium - superior part fo uterus

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22
Q

Name the 2 types of abnormal implantation

A

Extrauterine implantation = ectopic pregnancies
Abdominal pregnancy

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23
Q

Describe extrauterine implantations

A

Tubal pregnancy = in uterine tube, in ampulla or isthmus, abdominal pain and tenderness, distension of tube, with abnormal bleeding and peritonitis
More commmon
95-98% of ectopic pregnancies
Risk of bursting and hemorrhage = have to remove tube

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24
Q

Describe abdominal pregnancy

A

On fimbriae, I could be expelled into peritoneal cavity
Will implant in recto uterine pouch
May continue to full term and baby can be delivered by laparotomy (surgical c section through abd region)
Fimbriae = can expel eggg into peritoneum, recall - ovary = transition organ

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25
Q

Describe uterus

A

Pear shaped muscular organ
Located in Center of pelvis
Between bladder and rectum

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26
Q

What is role of uterus

A

Site of fertilized egg implantation
Site of embryo dev
Parturition of fetus

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27
Q

What does uterus consist of

A

Body (fundus, isthmus) and cervix + uterine cavity

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28
Q

Describe body of uterus

A

Fundus = round superior end where uterine tubes open into uterine cavity, implantation
Isthmus = narrow inferior segment, extends into cervix, constriction

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29
Q

Describe cervix of uterus

A

Short cylinder = 2-3cm
Cervical Canal between external and internal os = strong sphincter, closed to allow dev of fetus, will dilate during preg

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30
Q

Describe uterine cavity

A

Narrow space within uterine body
Communicates with lumen of uterine tubes, vagina via internal os (uterine side) and external os (vaginal side)

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31
Q

Describe shape of external os of cervix and pregnancy - relationship

A

Reflects childbirth history =
Nulliparous: has not given birth, donut shaped
Multi parous = gave birth- went through full dilation and came back, even if not vaginal birth, still dilates

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32
Q

Describe ligaments of female pelvic cavity

A

Uterus/vagina complex is supported by pelvic floor
Uterus position minatained by ligaments = accommodate for increased weight during pregnancy, cervix needs to be tight

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33
Q

Describe round ligament of uterus

A

Superolateral corners of uterus, inguinal canal to labia majora- blends into soft tissues (amab scrotum)
Role = maintain anteversion of uterus- keeps it in normal position = anteverted and anteflexed

34
Q

Describe uterine ligaments

A

From cervix to pelvic wall

35
Q

Name uterine ligaments

A

Transverse cervcial ligament
Pubocervical ligament
Uterosacral ligament

36
Q

Describe transverse cervcial ligament

A

Cardinal ligament - 2ligaments, anchor cervix laterally
Cervix to lateral pelvic wall
Role = maintain central position and protect uterine vessels

37
Q

Describe pubocervical ligament

A

Pubic bone (symphysis) to cervix (ant aspect)

38
Q

Describe uterosacral ligament

A

Sacrum to cervix
Role with pubocervical = maintain central position and prevent prolapse - fights cavity, pelvis tilted forwards

39
Q

whAt is uterosacral fold

A

Ligament covered by peritoneum

40
Q

What happens when uterus prolapse

A

Ligament loose = uterosacral ligament
Can happen after forceps intervention during difficult birth,
Uterus can descend - needs surgical intervention maybe

41
Q

Describe uterus normal position

A

Anteverted and anteflexed - facing forwards

42
Q

What is flexion

A

Angle betwene uterine body and isthmus
Body of uterus is normally anteflexed on cervix - over the bladder

43
Q

What is version

A

Angle between cervical Canal and vagina

44
Q

Describe cervix normal angles

A

Angled forwards on vagina
Vaginal cervix projects into upper anterior aspect of vagina vault

45
Q

Describe vagina normal angles

A

Vagina oriented in superior and posterior position = 60 degrees to horizontal and 45 degrees with uterus

46
Q

What happens when uterus retroflexed or retroverted

A

Hard for sperm to get in, can lead to bowel issues, caecum not free
Symptoms may vary = asymptomatic to painful bowel movements and difficulty conceiving

47
Q

Describe vagina

A

Distensible fibromuscular tube from vulva to cervix
Contains vaginal rugae
Length varies, enlarges during sexual arousal
Anteriorly = bladder and uretha
Posteriorly = rectum

48
Q

What is role of vagina

A

Copualtory organ in women

49
Q

What does vagina consist of

A

Vaginal canal and vaginal vault

50
Q

Describe vaginal canal

A

Lumen of vagina
Normally collapse
Internal end of Canal enlarged = vaginal vault

51
Q

Describe vaginal vault

A

Receive semen during intercourse
Cervix protrudes into it forming margin around it = fornices
Sperm accumulates here where cervix dips

52
Q

Describe spermatozoa journey

A

External os —> cervical canal —> internal os —> uterine cavity —> uterine tube —> ampulla

53
Q

Describe clinical correlate - vaginal canal

A

Speculum needed to open vaginal canal to examine vaginal cervix

54
Q

Describe vulva

A

External female genitalia structures are collectively known as vulva = erectile tissue, associated muscles, accessory glands and other features

55
Q

Describe superficial features of external female genitalia

A

Formed by skin and tissue folds = labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vulval vestibule

56
Q

Describe Labia majora

A

Most external
2 broad skin and fatty folds, hairy
Unite anteriolry to form mon of pubis - Venus
Fatty tissue over pubic symphysis

57
Q

Describe labia minora

A

2 delicate hairless skin folds
Found inside labia majora
Delineates vestibule

58
Q

Describe clitoris

A

Located at anterior jucntion of 3 labia minora
Covered by hood

59
Q

Describe vulval vestibule

A

Region between 2 labia minora
Contains = urethral and vaginal orifices, and accessory glands, leads to opening on posterior side

60
Q

Describe erectile tissue

A

Composed of 2 corpora cavernosa and 2 bulbs of vestibule

61
Q

Describe bulbs of vestibule

A

One each side of vaginal opening
Firmly anchored to perineal membrane
Join anteriorly on midline = glans of clitoris, labia Majorca, junction of 2 corpus cav
Homologous in males = corpus spongiosum

62
Q

Describe corpora cavernosa

A

Crura = 2 proximal part of copora cavernosa attached to inferior pubic rami
Formed by free part of corpora cavernosa - when hanging

63
Q

Describe ischiocavernosus muscle

A

Cover crura
Anchored to ischial tuberosity and pubic arch
Role = force blood from crura into body of clitoris for erection

64
Q

Describe bulbospongiosus muscle

A

Cover bulb of vestibule
Achnored to perineal membrane and body
Role = forces blood into distal region fo Clitoris

65
Q

Describe innervation of erectile tissue

A

Somatic
Pudendal nerve s2-s4

66
Q

Describe greater vestibular glands

A

Large, secrete in vestibule
Small pea shaped mucous glands
Posterior to the bulbs of the vestibule in labia majora Located superficial to the perineal membrane
Duct opens into the vestibule, posterolateral aspect of vagina
Homologous to bulbourethral glands in males

67
Q

Describe greater vestibular glands ROLE

A

Lubricate vestibule during sexual arousal

68
Q

Describe greater vestibular glands LOCATION SPECIFICALLY

A

Covered by muscles that contract on tip of gland = bulbospongiosus
4 and 8 o clock

69
Q

Describe greater vestibular glands - CLINICAL

A

Bartholins cysts
Glands accumulate bc canal blocked = cyst
Can treat with hot water/manual treatment

70
Q

DESCRIBE para urethral glands

A

Small glands on each side of urethra
Duct drains into urethra
Homologous to prostate

71
Q

DESCRIBE para urethral glands ROLE

A

Lubricate vestibule - anterior portion and labia during sexual arousal
Suggested role in female ejaculation - up to 50ml fluid
Not Urine

72
Q

DESCRIBE peritoneum in female

A

Drapes over bladder, body fo uterus, rectum and posterior superior part of cervix
Double fold over on each side of uterus = creates broad ligament

73
Q

Name pouches created by peritoneum

A

Vesico uterine pouch
Recto uterine pouch - Douglas

74
Q

Describe vesico uterine pouch

A

Anterior - between bladder and uterus

75
Q

Describe recto uterine pouch

A

Posterior - between uterus and rectum
Lowest part of peritoneal cavity
Equivalent to male recto vesicular pouch

76
Q

Describe clinical correlate of pouches

A

Inflammation or infection of peritoneal cavity causes fluid to accumulate in recto uterine pouch in afab

77
Q

What forms recto uterine folds

A

Folds over uterosacral ligament on each side forms recto uterine folds

78
Q

What is broad ligament

A

Double folds peritoneum extending on each side of uterus to lateral wall of pelvis
Covers all of folds = covers vary, uterine tubes and body of uterus

79
Q

Describe divisions of broad ligament

A

Mesosalpinx = ensheath uterine tube
Mesovarium = ensheath and suspend ovary
Mesometrium = from uterine body to lateral side wall of pelvis

80
Q

Describe relationship of divisions of broad ligament to each other

A

Mesosalpinx and mesometrium in same plane/place, but separated by round ligament
Mesovarium= perpendicular

81
Q

What is general function of skeletal muscles of erectile tissues

A

Function same - push blood towards erectile portion of body and glans of clitoris

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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