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ANAT 214 > Assigned Female at Birth Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Assigned Female at Birth Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe overall anatomy

A

Has components in pelvis and perineum
During pregnancy uterus expands into abd cvaity

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2
Q

Name gonad related components

A

Overies
Uterine tubes
Uterus

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3
Q

Name tracts

A

Vagina
Vulva

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4
Q

Name accessory glands

A

Greater vestibular glands - bartholin’s
Para urethral glands - skene’s
Mostly for lubrication

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5
Q

Describe ovary

A

Almond shaped 3cm
Suspended by mesenstey - mesovarium (part of broad ligament)

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6
Q

Describe ovary - embryology

A

Originally developed high on post abd wall
Descend before birth to pelvic cavity
Lie on lateral wall, inferior to pelvic inlet
During descent - bring down neurovasculature and drainage

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7
Q

Describe ovary Role

A

Site of oogenesis - egg ova production
Eggs are ovulated towards opening of fallopian tube
Not temp sensitive so no temp control

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8
Q

Describe suspensory ssytem of ovary

A

Ovaries are both intra = superior pole and retroperitoneal = inferior pole
It floats

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9
Q

Where/how is ovary suspended

A

Suspended in peritoneum by ligament of ovary and suspensory ligament of ovary

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10
Q

Describe ligament of ovary

A

Inferior pole attached to superolateral corner of uterus (where egg needs to go)
Dragged down peritoneum
Anchor, another to connect to tube

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11
Q

Describe suspensory ligament of ovary

A

Peritoneal fold covering ovarian vessels and nerves from abd wall to superior pole of ovary
Thickening = ligament.

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12
Q

Describe fallopian tube

A

Paired muscular tubes
Extending from superolateral corners of uterus

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13
Q

Describe role of fallopian tube

A

Site of egg fertilization
Transmits ova from ovary and sperm from uterine cavity

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14
Q

Name parts of fallopian tube

A

Infundibulum - fimbriae
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterine tube ostium

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15
Q

Describe fimbriae - of uterine tube

A

Fringe of tissue around ostium of tube - catch ovum during ovalulation, moves but more active during ovulation
Fingers, filaments, peristaltic contractions, allows movements

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16
Q

Describe infundibulum of uterine tube

A

At bottom of fimbriae - funnel
Trumpet shaped terminal part open to peritoneal cavity next to ovary

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17
Q

Describe ampulla of uterine tube

A

Widest part
Normal site of fertilization

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18
Q

Describe isthmus of uterine tube

A

Narrowest part

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19
Q

Describe uterine tube ostium

A

Opening of tube into uterine cavity

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20
Q

What is inside fallopian tube

A

Bunch of cilia = movements will bring to uterine ostium, to uterine cavity

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21
Q

Describe implantation sites of pregnancy

A

Usually occurs in uterine endometrium - superior part fo uterus

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22
Q

Name the 2 types of abnormal implantation

A

Extrauterine implantation = ectopic pregnancies
Abdominal pregnancy

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23
Q

Describe extrauterine implantations

A

Tubal pregnancy = in uterine tube, in ampulla or isthmus, abdominal pain and tenderness, distension of tube, with abnormal bleeding and peritonitis
More commmon
95-98% of ectopic pregnancies
Risk of bursting and hemorrhage = have to remove tube

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24
Q

Describe abdominal pregnancy

A

On fimbriae, I could be expelled into peritoneal cavity
Will implant in recto uterine pouch
May continue to full term and baby can be delivered by laparotomy (surgical c section through abd region)
Fimbriae = can expel eggg into peritoneum, recall - ovary = transition organ

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25
Describe uterus
Pear shaped muscular organ Located in Center of pelvis Between bladder and rectum
26
What is role of uterus
Site of fertilized egg implantation Site of embryo dev Parturition of fetus
27
What does uterus consist of
Body (fundus, isthmus) and cervix + uterine cavity
28
Describe body of uterus
Fundus = round superior end where uterine tubes open into uterine cavity, implantation Isthmus = narrow inferior segment, extends into cervix, constriction
29
Describe cervix of uterus
Short cylinder = 2-3cm Cervical Canal between external and internal os = strong sphincter, closed to allow dev of fetus, will dilate during preg
30
Describe uterine cavity
Narrow space within uterine body Communicates with lumen of uterine tubes, vagina via internal os (uterine side) and external os (vaginal side)
31
Describe shape of external os of cervix and pregnancy - relationship
Reflects childbirth history = Nulliparous: has not given birth, donut shaped Multi parous = gave birth- went through full dilation and came back, even if not vaginal birth, still dilates
32
Describe ligaments of female pelvic cavity
Uterus/vagina complex is supported by pelvic floor Uterus position minatained by ligaments = accommodate for increased weight during pregnancy, cervix needs to be tight
33
Describe round ligament of uterus
Superolateral corners of uterus, inguinal canal to labia majora- blends into soft tissues (amab scrotum) Role = maintain anteversion of uterus- keeps it in normal position = anteverted and anteflexed
34
Describe uterine ligaments
From cervix to pelvic wall
35
Name uterine ligaments
Transverse cervcial ligament Pubocervical ligament Uterosacral ligament
36
Describe transverse cervcial ligament
Cardinal ligament - 2ligaments, anchor cervix laterally Cervix to lateral pelvic wall Role = maintain central position and protect uterine vessels
37
Describe pubocervical ligament
Pubic bone (symphysis) to cervix (ant aspect)
38
Describe uterosacral ligament
Sacrum to cervix Role with pubocervical = maintain central position and prevent prolapse - fights cavity, pelvis tilted forwards
39
whAt is uterosacral fold
Ligament covered by peritoneum
40
What happens when uterus prolapse
Ligament loose = uterosacral ligament Can happen after forceps intervention during difficult birth, Uterus can descend - needs surgical intervention maybe
41
Describe uterus normal position
Anteverted and anteflexed - facing forwards
42
What is flexion
Angle betwene uterine body and isthmus Body of uterus is normally anteflexed on cervix - over the bladder
43
What is version
Angle between cervical Canal and vagina
44
Describe cervix normal angles
Angled forwards on vagina Vaginal cervix projects into upper anterior aspect of vagina vault
45
Describe vagina normal angles
Vagina oriented in superior and posterior position = 60 degrees to horizontal and 45 degrees with uterus
46
What happens when uterus retroflexed or retroverted
Hard for sperm to get in, can lead to bowel issues, caecum not free Symptoms may vary = asymptomatic to painful bowel movements and difficulty conceiving
47
Describe vagina
Distensible fibromuscular tube from vulva to cervix Contains vaginal rugae Length varies, enlarges during sexual arousal Anteriorly = bladder and uretha Posteriorly = rectum
48
What is role of vagina
Copualtory organ in women
49
What does vagina consist of
Vaginal canal and vaginal vault
50
Describe vaginal canal
Lumen of vagina Normally collapse Internal end of Canal enlarged = vaginal vault
51
Describe vaginal vault
Receive semen during intercourse Cervix protrudes into it forming margin around it = fornices Sperm accumulates here where cervix dips
52
Describe spermatozoa journey
External os —> cervical canal —> internal os —> uterine cavity —> uterine tube —> ampulla
53
Describe clinical correlate - vaginal canal
Speculum needed to open vaginal canal to examine vaginal cervix
54
Describe vulva
External female genitalia structures are collectively known as vulva = erectile tissue, associated muscles, accessory glands and other features
55
Describe superficial features of external female genitalia
Formed by skin and tissue folds = labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vulval vestibule
56
Describe Labia majora
Most external 2 broad skin and fatty folds, hairy Unite anteriolry to form mon of pubis - Venus Fatty tissue over pubic symphysis
57
Describe labia minora
2 delicate hairless skin folds Found inside labia majora Delineates vestibule
58
Describe clitoris
Located at anterior jucntion of 3 labia minora Covered by hood
59
Describe vulval vestibule
Region between 2 labia minora Contains = urethral and vaginal orifices, and accessory glands, leads to opening on posterior side
60
Describe erectile tissue
Composed of 2 corpora cavernosa and 2 bulbs of vestibule
61
Describe bulbs of vestibule
One each side of vaginal opening Firmly anchored to perineal membrane Join anteriorly on midline = glans of clitoris, labia Majorca, junction of 2 corpus cav Homologous in males = corpus spongiosum
62
Describe corpora cavernosa
Crura = 2 proximal part of copora cavernosa attached to inferior pubic rami Formed by free part of corpora cavernosa - when hanging
63
Describe ischiocavernosus muscle
Cover crura Anchored to ischial tuberosity and pubic arch Role = force blood from crura into body of clitoris for erection
64
Describe bulbospongiosus muscle
Cover bulb of vestibule Achnored to perineal membrane and body Role = forces blood into distal region fo Clitoris
65
Describe innervation of erectile tissue
Somatic Pudendal nerve s2-s4
66
Describe greater vestibular glands
Large, secrete in vestibule Small pea shaped mucous glands Posterior to the bulbs of the vestibule in labia majora Located superficial to the perineal membrane Duct opens into the vestibule, posterolateral aspect of vagina Homologous to bulbourethral glands in males
67
Describe greater vestibular glands ROLE
Lubricate vestibule during sexual arousal
68
Describe greater vestibular glands LOCATION SPECIFICALLY
Covered by muscles that contract on tip of gland = bulbospongiosus 4 and 8 o clock
69
Describe greater vestibular glands - CLINICAL
Bartholins cysts Glands accumulate bc canal blocked = cyst Can treat with hot water/manual treatment
70
DESCRIBE para urethral glands
Small glands on each side of urethra Duct drains into urethra Homologous to prostate
71
DESCRIBE para urethral glands ROLE
Lubricate vestibule - anterior portion and labia during sexual arousal Suggested role in female ejaculation - up to 50ml fluid Not Urine
72
DESCRIBE peritoneum in female
Drapes over bladder, body fo uterus, rectum and posterior superior part of cervix Double fold over on each side of uterus = creates broad ligament
73
Name pouches created by peritoneum
Vesico uterine pouch Recto uterine pouch - Douglas
74
Describe vesico uterine pouch
Anterior - between bladder and uterus
75
Describe recto uterine pouch
Posterior - between uterus and rectum Lowest part of peritoneal cavity Equivalent to male recto vesicular pouch
76
Describe clinical correlate of pouches
Inflammation or infection of peritoneal cavity causes fluid to accumulate in recto uterine pouch in afab
77
What forms recto uterine folds
Folds over uterosacral ligament on each side forms recto uterine folds
78
What is broad ligament
Double folds peritoneum extending on each side of uterus to lateral wall of pelvis Covers all of folds = covers vary, uterine tubes and body of uterus
79
Describe divisions of broad ligament
Mesosalpinx = ensheath uterine tube Mesovarium = ensheath and suspend ovary Mesometrium = from uterine body to lateral side wall of pelvis
80
Describe relationship of divisions of broad ligament to each other
Mesosalpinx and mesometrium in same plane/place, but separated by round ligament Mesovarium= perpendicular
81
What is general function of skeletal muscles of erectile tissues
Function same - push blood towards erectile portion of body and glans of clitoris

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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