Assigned Female at Birth Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
Describe overall anatomy
Has components in pelvis and perineum
During pregnancy uterus expands into abd cvaity
Name gonad related components
Overies
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Name tracts
Vagina
Vulva
Name accessory glands
Greater vestibular glands - bartholin’s
Para urethral glands - skene’s
Mostly for lubrication
Describe ovary
Almond shaped 3cm
Suspended by mesenstey - mesovarium (part of broad ligament)
Describe ovary - embryology
Originally developed high on post abd wall
Descend before birth to pelvic cavity
Lie on lateral wall, inferior to pelvic inlet
During descent - bring down neurovasculature and drainage
Describe ovary Role
Site of oogenesis - egg ova production
Eggs are ovulated towards opening of fallopian tube
Not temp sensitive so no temp control
Describe suspensory ssytem of ovary
Ovaries are both intra = superior pole and retroperitoneal = inferior pole
It floats
Where/how is ovary suspended
Suspended in peritoneum by ligament of ovary and suspensory ligament of ovary
Describe ligament of ovary
Inferior pole attached to superolateral corner of uterus (where egg needs to go)
Dragged down peritoneum
Anchor, another to connect to tube
Describe suspensory ligament of ovary
Peritoneal fold covering ovarian vessels and nerves from abd wall to superior pole of ovary
Thickening = ligament.
Describe fallopian tube
Paired muscular tubes
Extending from superolateral corners of uterus
Describe role of fallopian tube
Site of egg fertilization
Transmits ova from ovary and sperm from uterine cavity
Name parts of fallopian tube
Infundibulum - fimbriae
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterine tube ostium
Describe fimbriae - of uterine tube
Fringe of tissue around ostium of tube - catch ovum during ovalulation, moves but more active during ovulation
Fingers, filaments, peristaltic contractions, allows movements
Describe infundibulum of uterine tube
At bottom of fimbriae - funnel
Trumpet shaped terminal part open to peritoneal cavity next to ovary
Describe ampulla of uterine tube
Widest part
Normal site of fertilization
Describe isthmus of uterine tube
Narrowest part
Describe uterine tube ostium
Opening of tube into uterine cavity
What is inside fallopian tube
Bunch of cilia = movements will bring to uterine ostium, to uterine cavity
Describe implantation sites of pregnancy
Usually occurs in uterine endometrium - superior part fo uterus
Name the 2 types of abnormal implantation
Extrauterine implantation = ectopic pregnancies
Abdominal pregnancy
Describe extrauterine implantations
Tubal pregnancy = in uterine tube, in ampulla or isthmus, abdominal pain and tenderness, distension of tube, with abnormal bleeding and peritonitis
More commmon
95-98% of ectopic pregnancies
Risk of bursting and hemorrhage = have to remove tube
Describe abdominal pregnancy
On fimbriae, I could be expelled into peritoneal cavity
Will implant in recto uterine pouch
May continue to full term and baby can be delivered by laparotomy (surgical c section through abd region)
Fimbriae = can expel eggg into peritoneum, recall - ovary = transition organ
Describe uterus
Pear shaped muscular organ
Located in Center of pelvis
Between bladder and rectum
What is role of uterus
Site of fertilized egg implantation
Site of embryo dev
Parturition of fetus
What does uterus consist of
Body (fundus, isthmus) and cervix + uterine cavity
Describe body of uterus
Fundus = round superior end where uterine tubes open into uterine cavity, implantation
Isthmus = narrow inferior segment, extends into cervix, constriction
Describe cervix of uterus
Short cylinder = 2-3cm
Cervical Canal between external and internal os = strong sphincter, closed to allow dev of fetus, will dilate during preg
Describe uterine cavity
Narrow space within uterine body
Communicates with lumen of uterine tubes, vagina via internal os (uterine side) and external os (vaginal side)
Describe shape of external os of cervix and pregnancy - relationship
Reflects childbirth history =
Nulliparous: has not given birth, donut shaped
Multi parous = gave birth- went through full dilation and came back, even if not vaginal birth, still dilates
Describe ligaments of female pelvic cavity
Uterus/vagina complex is supported by pelvic floor
Uterus position minatained by ligaments = accommodate for increased weight during pregnancy, cervix needs to be tight
Describe round ligament of uterus
Superolateral corners of uterus, inguinal canal to labia majora- blends into soft tissues (amab scrotum)
Role = maintain anteversion of uterus- keeps it in normal position = anteverted and anteflexed
Describe uterine ligaments
From cervix to pelvic wall
Name uterine ligaments
Transverse cervcial ligament
Pubocervical ligament
Uterosacral ligament
Describe transverse cervcial ligament
Cardinal ligament - 2ligaments, anchor cervix laterally
Cervix to lateral pelvic wall
Role = maintain central position and protect uterine vessels
Describe pubocervical ligament
Pubic bone (symphysis) to cervix (ant aspect)
Describe uterosacral ligament
Sacrum to cervix
Role with pubocervical = maintain central position and prevent prolapse - fights cavity, pelvis tilted forwards
whAt is uterosacral fold
Ligament covered by peritoneum
What happens when uterus prolapse
Ligament loose = uterosacral ligament
Can happen after forceps intervention during difficult birth,
Uterus can descend - needs surgical intervention maybe
Describe uterus normal position
Anteverted and anteflexed - facing forwards
What is flexion
Angle betwene uterine body and isthmus
Body of uterus is normally anteflexed on cervix - over the bladder
What is version
Angle between cervical Canal and vagina
Describe cervix normal angles
Angled forwards on vagina
Vaginal cervix projects into upper anterior aspect of vagina vault
Describe vagina normal angles
Vagina oriented in superior and posterior position = 60 degrees to horizontal and 45 degrees with uterus
What happens when uterus retroflexed or retroverted
Hard for sperm to get in, can lead to bowel issues, caecum not free
Symptoms may vary = asymptomatic to painful bowel movements and difficulty conceiving
Describe vagina
Distensible fibromuscular tube from vulva to cervix
Contains vaginal rugae
Length varies, enlarges during sexual arousal
Anteriorly = bladder and uretha
Posteriorly = rectum
What is role of vagina
Copualtory organ in women
What does vagina consist of
Vaginal canal and vaginal vault
Describe vaginal canal
Lumen of vagina
Normally collapse
Internal end of Canal enlarged = vaginal vault
Describe vaginal vault
Receive semen during intercourse
Cervix protrudes into it forming margin around it = fornices
Sperm accumulates here where cervix dips
Describe spermatozoa journey
External os —> cervical canal —> internal os —> uterine cavity —> uterine tube —> ampulla
Describe clinical correlate - vaginal canal
Speculum needed to open vaginal canal to examine vaginal cervix
Describe vulva
External female genitalia structures are collectively known as vulva = erectile tissue, associated muscles, accessory glands and other features
Describe superficial features of external female genitalia
Formed by skin and tissue folds = labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vulval vestibule
Describe Labia majora
Most external
2 broad skin and fatty folds, hairy
Unite anteriolry to form mon of pubis - Venus
Fatty tissue over pubic symphysis
Describe labia minora
2 delicate hairless skin folds
Found inside labia majora
Delineates vestibule
Describe clitoris
Located at anterior jucntion of 3 labia minora
Covered by hood
Describe vulval vestibule
Region between 2 labia minora
Contains = urethral and vaginal orifices, and accessory glands, leads to opening on posterior side
Describe erectile tissue
Composed of 2 corpora cavernosa and 2 bulbs of vestibule
Describe bulbs of vestibule
One each side of vaginal opening
Firmly anchored to perineal membrane
Join anteriorly on midline = glans of clitoris, labia Majorca, junction of 2 corpus cav
Homologous in males = corpus spongiosum
Describe corpora cavernosa
Crura = 2 proximal part of copora cavernosa attached to inferior pubic rami
Formed by free part of corpora cavernosa - when hanging
Describe ischiocavernosus muscle
Cover crura
Anchored to ischial tuberosity and pubic arch
Role = force blood from crura into body of clitoris for erection
Describe bulbospongiosus muscle
Cover bulb of vestibule
Achnored to perineal membrane and body
Role = forces blood into distal region fo Clitoris
Describe innervation of erectile tissue
Somatic
Pudendal nerve s2-s4
Describe greater vestibular glands
Large, secrete in vestibule
Small pea shaped mucous glands
Posterior to the bulbs of the vestibule in labia majora Located superficial to the perineal membrane
Duct opens into the vestibule, posterolateral aspect of vagina
Homologous to bulbourethral glands in males
Describe greater vestibular glands ROLE
Lubricate vestibule during sexual arousal
Describe greater vestibular glands LOCATION SPECIFICALLY
Covered by muscles that contract on tip of gland = bulbospongiosus
4 and 8 o clock
Describe greater vestibular glands - CLINICAL
Bartholins cysts
Glands accumulate bc canal blocked = cyst
Can treat with hot water/manual treatment
DESCRIBE para urethral glands
Small glands on each side of urethra
Duct drains into urethra
Homologous to prostate
DESCRIBE para urethral glands ROLE
Lubricate vestibule - anterior portion and labia during sexual arousal
Suggested role in female ejaculation - up to 50ml fluid
Not Urine
DESCRIBE peritoneum in female
Drapes over bladder, body fo uterus, rectum and posterior superior part of cervix
Double fold over on each side of uterus = creates broad ligament
Name pouches created by peritoneum
Vesico uterine pouch
Recto uterine pouch - Douglas
Describe vesico uterine pouch
Anterior - between bladder and uterus
Describe recto uterine pouch
Posterior - between uterus and rectum
Lowest part of peritoneal cavity
Equivalent to male recto vesicular pouch
Describe clinical correlate of pouches
Inflammation or infection of peritoneal cavity causes fluid to accumulate in recto uterine pouch in afab
What forms recto uterine folds
Folds over uterosacral ligament on each side forms recto uterine folds
What is broad ligament
Double folds peritoneum extending on each side of uterus to lateral wall of pelvis
Covers all of folds = covers vary, uterine tubes and body of uterus
Describe divisions of broad ligament
Mesosalpinx = ensheath uterine tube
Mesovarium = ensheath and suspend ovary
Mesometrium = from uterine body to lateral side wall of pelvis
Describe relationship of divisions of broad ligament to each other
Mesosalpinx and mesometrium in same plane/place, but separated by round ligament
Mesovarium= perpendicular
What is general function of skeletal muscles of erectile tissues
Function same - push blood towards erectile portion of body and glans of clitoris
