Oral Cavity, Palates and Salivation Flashcards
describe nasal and oral cavities
nasal cavity freely communicated with oral cavity at back
nasopharynx (opening for auditory tube) –> oropharynx (bounded by soft palate and epiglottis) –> laryngopharynx
describe oral cavity - gen
open at anterior and posterior ends - both
lined with mucosa except tooth crowns
walls are mostly soft tissues
what makes up roof of oral cavity
hard and soft palates
roof of oral is floor of nasal
maxilla and palatine
what makes up lateral wall of oral cavity
buccinator (trumpeter - expels air from mouth when blow trumpet)
what makes up anterior wall of oral cavity
lips (beyond teeth)
especially orbicularis oris (puckers lips, O formation)
what makes up floor of oral cavity
hyoid muscles - mylohyoid and geniohyoid (deeper, closer to tongue)
what is the oropharyngeal isthmus
OI
posterior opening to oropharynx
Opening at back of mouth between soft palate (sup) and epiglottis (inf)
what are the front and sides (lateral and anterior wall) of oral cavity made out of
soft tissues and muscles of facial expression
name muscles of facial expression
buccinator and orbicularis oris
describe hyoid bone - attachments
point of attachment for muscles that contribute to floor of mouth, bone to bone
does not actually contribute to floor of mouth tho
what does thyroid cartilage create
thyroid cartilage - adams apple = laryngeal prominence
describe hyoid bone - suprahyoid muscles
suprahyoid muscles –> at level of cervical vertebrae (3, stretch between hyoid bone and mandible = muscles that contribute to floor of oral cavity)
describe hyoid bone - anatomically
lesser horns = point where muscles attach
greater horn = posteriorly
horshoe shapes - above adams apple
describe mylohyoid - gen
hyoid –> rim around mandible
describe mylohyoid - innervation
V3, nerve to mylohyoid (motor to muscles of mastication)
rim around mandible and stretches posteriorly to body of hyoid
describe geniohyoid - gen
hyoid to anterior base of mandible (chin)
cupped inside mylohyoid, chin to insertion on cheek
on inside
describe geniohyoid - innervation
c1
compare geniohyoid and mylohyoid - fibers
mylohyoid fibers = side to side
geniohyoid fibers = front to back (post to ant)
perpendicular
what do geniohyoid and mylohyoid do
elevate and bring forward the hyoid and tongue complex during swallowing (with mandible fixed)
can you see geniohyoid from anterior/inferior view
nuh uhnnnnnn
only see belly of digastric
describe tongue general structure
occupies most of oral cavity
body
root = anchored to hyoid bone and mandible
what is terminal suculus of tongue
groove
Towards posterior of tongue
what is diff about post 1/3 of tongue
different set of papillae (taste buds)
what is lingual septum
fibrous and symmetrical left and right divider
describe intrinsic muscles of tongue
organized into = longitudinal (length of tongue), transverse (side to side), vertical (superior to inf)
oriented along 3 cardinal axis
describe intrinsic muscles of tongue - function
fine motor control to move tongue in specifics way
contribute to body of tongue
change shape during speech, mastication, swallowing, part tricks
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - gen
root of tongue
fine movements of tongue
move around oral cavity too
symmetric - on left and right
name extrinsic muscles of tongue - gen
hypoglossus
genioglossus
palatoglossus
styloglossus
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - hypoglossus
hyoid –> tongue root
rhombus shaped
bilateral = depression (inf) and retraction (post) of tongue
unilateral = flips tongue (recruit one side)
if shorten = move towards hyoid bone
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - genioglossus
mandible and hyoid –> tongue root (base - large portion of root of tongue)
tongue protrusion (stick out)
if shorten = protracts, moves towards chin anteriorly
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - palatoglossus
soft palate –> tongue root (no bony attachments)
seals OI (back of oral cavity) by elevating tongue and depressing soft palate
if shorten = pulls soft tissues together
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - styloglossus
styloid process –> tongue root/body (blends in with body)
elevation and retraction of tongue – solid anchor, tongue moves towards it - shortens
complete arch - left and right sides
what are the 3 salivary glands innervated by - gen
Primality psns innervation
describe function of salivary glands
Produces saliva to protect and lubricate oral cavity
prepare food bolus
predigestive enzymes (amylases - for starches), starts digestive process
describe parotid salivary gland - gen
largest, most diffuse
no sharp boundaries
overlying masseter
near ear
describe parotid salivary gland - innervation
cn IX glossopharyngeal
psns
describe parotid salivary gland - parotid duct
drains via parotid duct into oral cavity
wraps around masseter and pierces buccinator (lateral wall of oral cavity) and drains into oral cavity opposite 2nd maxillary molar
by parotid papilla = opening
describe submandibular salivary gland - gen
beneath = inf to mandible
medial to mandible body
bites mylohyoid (straddles it)
describe submandibular salivary gland - drainage
duct below tongue @ caruncle (posterior- lower incisor by long tube)
gleeking = long submandibular duct
describe submandibular salivary gland - innervation
psns
cnVII facial
describe sublingual salivary gland - gen
Inferior to below tongue
drains through its own row of openings - whole length of tooth row, lateral to caruncle and submandibular duct
describe sublingual salivary gland - innervation
psns
cnVII facial
name all nerves that innervate tongue
lingual n cnv3
chorda tympani cnvii
glossopharyngeal cnIX
vagus cnX
hypoglossal n cnXII
describe hypoglossal cnXII - innervation of tongue
motor innervation to all tongue muscles EXCEPT palatoglossus
extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
describe lingual cnV3 - innervation of tongue
general sensory innervation to ant 2/3 tongue
describe chorda tympani cnVII - innervation of tongue
special sensory innervation to ant 2/3 of tongue
psns to sublingual and submandibular salivary glands (joins, hitchhikes on lingual)
describe glossopharyngeal cnIX - innervation of tongue
general and special sensory to post 1/3 of tongue
psns to parotid salivary gland
describe vagus cnX - innervation of tongue
palatoglossus muscles (tongue to soft palate)
describe overview of motor innervation of tongue
hypoglossal cn XII and vagus cnX (palatoglossus only)
describe overview of sensory innervation of tongue
no sharp boundaries all overlap
lingual and glossopharyngeal = overlap
describe overview of special sensory innervation of tongue
chorda tymapni cnVII
glossopharyngeal cnXI and vagus cnX
taste from vagus - small
describe vasculature of tongue - gen
blood supply primarily from lingual a (ECA)
branches supply tongue, floor of oral cavity, inferior mucosa (gums)
main blood supply
describe vasculature of tongue - arteries and veins
dorsal lingual v runs with a
deep lingual v (w cnXII (hypoglossal)), deep close to nerve
internal jugular v = veins usually run with arteries but NOT THIS ONE EXCEPTION
describe vasculature of tongue - venous drainage pathway
VIA DEEP lingual v (visible on inf aspect tongue and dorsal lingual v (runs with lingual a)
both drain into jugular vein
describe hard palate specifically
Maxillary teeth
bones = maxilla (palatine process) and palatine (horizontal plates, post 1/4th)
describe soft palate specifically
posterior
part that is moveable
uvula
describe incisive foramen
Combined left and right incisive canals (covered by mucosa)
canal = tunnel from nasal to oral cavity, 2 - one on each side, makes up foramen
describe greater and lesser palatine foramina
bring important neurovascular structures into mouth
describe importance of soft palate - gen
separates compartments makes sure things go in right place
Structures = epiglottis and soft palate - located between compartments and allow us to control movement of food and air between eso and trachea
describe importance of soft palate - regular
relaxed soft palate (semi open, neutral) allows air to reach trachea, through nose and mouth
air can enter through
describe importance of soft palate - with food
depressed soft palate (oral cavity sealed) allows breathing while chewing
can still breathe
contract palatoglossus and styloglossus and back of tongue
pulls it down - seals so mouth can chew food
describe importance of soft palate - swallow
elevated soft palate (OI open) allows food to pass through esophagus and seals off nasal cavities
epiglottis and hyoid - seals off trachea
Quickly to seal off nasal cavity - so food will not go through
name muscles of soft palate
levator veli palatini
palatopharyngeus
tensor veli palatini
describe levator veli palatini - muscles of soft palate
elevates posterior soft palate
innervation = cnX
describe palatopharyngeus -muscles of soft palate
elevates pharynx, brings everything together
uvula helps seal off part of gap - creates better seal
closes isthmus
innervation = cnX
describe levator veli palatini - muscles of soft palate
tenses soft palate
flattens arch and seals naso from oropharynx
innervation= cnV3
loops around hook of sphenoid and changes direction so tvp can hook around and contribute to soft palate and lvp = pull up
what are arches of soft palate
covered by oral mucosa
arch - reflects muscle hiding behind mucosa
name arches of soft palate
palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch
describe palatoglossal arch of soft palate
Created by palatoglossus muscle covered by oral mucosa
meets other side in soft palate
describe palatopharyngeal arch of soft palate
behind palatoglossal arch
crated by palatopharyngeus muscle covered by oral mucosa
seals OI
describe palatine tonsil of soft palate
Between the 2 arches
lymphoid tissue with immune functions
when swollen = easily visible
describe neurovascular contribution from nasal cavity –> oral cavity
sphenopalatine a (septal branches, back half nasal, runs along septum)
nasopalatine n (v2 maxillary)
ENTERS via ORAL CAVITY via incisive foramen
enter front oral and provides anterior portion of hard palate and gums
describe general sensory innervation to palates - gen
greater and lesser palatine nerves from v2 maxillary
greater = into anterior hard palate
lesser into posterior hard and soft palate
describe general sensory innervation to palates - pathway of travel
in wall of nasal cavity = canal= travels in greater palatine canal
enters via greater and lesser palatine foramina
where do greater palatine n and a go through
greater palatine foramen
same for lesser, respectively
describe arterial supply of oral cavity
Descending palatine a in greater palatine (descending palatine) canal - FROM maxillary a
splits into lesser (post) and greater (ant) palatine arteries
Anastomose with sphenopalatine artery
ends at 2 holes = greater (ant) and lesser (posterior) palatine foramina
what parts of mouth share innervation and which parts do not
roof of oral cavity, oral mucosa and bone
BUT NOT TEETH = innervated by something else
