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ANAT 214 > Oral Cavity, Palates and Salivation > Flashcards

Oral Cavity, Palates and Salivation Flashcards

1
Q

describe nasal and oral cavities

A

nasal cavity freely communicated with oral cavity at back
nasopharynx (opening for auditory tube) –> oropharynx (bounded by soft palate and epiglottis) –> laryngopharynx

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2
Q

describe oral cavity - gen

A

open at anterior and posterior ends - both
lined with mucosa except tooth crowns
walls are mostly soft tissues

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3
Q

what makes up roof of oral cavity

A

hard and soft palates
roof of oral is floor of nasal
maxilla and palatine

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4
Q

what makes up lateral wall of oral cavity

A

buccinator (trumpeter - expels air from mouth when blow trumpet)

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5
Q

what makes up anterior wall of oral cavity

A

lips (beyond teeth)
especially orbicularis oris (puckers lips, O formation)

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6
Q

what makes up floor of oral cavity

A

hyoid muscles - mylohyoid and geniohyoid (deeper, closer to tongue)

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7
Q

what is the oropharyngeal isthmus

A

OI
posterior opening to oropharynx
Opening at back of mouth between soft palate (sup) and epiglottis (inf)

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8
Q

what are the front and sides (lateral and anterior wall) of oral cavity made out of

A

soft tissues and muscles of facial expression

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9
Q

name muscles of facial expression

A

buccinator and orbicularis oris

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10
Q

describe hyoid bone - attachments

A

point of attachment for muscles that contribute to floor of mouth, bone to bone
does not actually contribute to floor of mouth tho

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11
Q

what does thyroid cartilage create

A

thyroid cartilage - adams apple = laryngeal prominence

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12
Q

describe hyoid bone - suprahyoid muscles

A

suprahyoid muscles –> at level of cervical vertebrae (3, stretch between hyoid bone and mandible = muscles that contribute to floor of oral cavity)

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13
Q

describe hyoid bone - anatomically

A

lesser horns = point where muscles attach
greater horn = posteriorly
horshoe shapes - above adams apple

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14
Q

describe mylohyoid - gen

A

hyoid –> rim around mandible

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15
Q

describe mylohyoid - innervation

A

V3, nerve to mylohyoid (motor to muscles of mastication)
rim around mandible and stretches posteriorly to body of hyoid

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16
Q

describe geniohyoid - gen

A

hyoid to anterior base of mandible (chin)
cupped inside mylohyoid, chin to insertion on cheek
on inside

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17
Q

describe geniohyoid - innervation

A

c1

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18
Q

compare geniohyoid and mylohyoid - fibers

A

mylohyoid fibers = side to side
geniohyoid fibers = front to back (post to ant)
perpendicular

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19
Q

what do geniohyoid and mylohyoid do

A

elevate and bring forward the hyoid and tongue complex during swallowing (with mandible fixed)

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20
Q

can you see geniohyoid from anterior/inferior view

A

nuh uhnnnnnn
only see belly of digastric

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21
Q

describe tongue general structure

A

occupies most of oral cavity
body
root = anchored to hyoid bone and mandible

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22
Q

what is terminal suculus of tongue

A

groove
Towards posterior of tongue

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23
Q

what is diff about post 1/3 of tongue

A

different set of papillae (taste buds)

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24
Q

what is lingual septum

A

fibrous and symmetrical left and right divider

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25
describe intrinsic muscles of tongue
organized into = longitudinal (length of tongue), transverse (side to side), vertical (superior to inf) oriented along 3 cardinal axis
26
describe intrinsic muscles of tongue - function
fine motor control to move tongue in specifics way contribute to body of tongue change shape during speech, mastication, swallowing, part tricks
27
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - gen
root of tongue fine movements of tongue move around oral cavity too symmetric - on left and right
28
name extrinsic muscles of tongue - gen
hypoglossus genioglossus palatoglossus styloglossus
29
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - hypoglossus
hyoid --> tongue root rhombus shaped bilateral = depression (inf) and retraction (post) of tongue unilateral = flips tongue (recruit one side) if shorten = move towards hyoid bone
30
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - genioglossus
mandible and hyoid --> tongue root (base - large portion of root of tongue) tongue protrusion (stick out) if shorten = protracts, moves towards chin anteriorly
31
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - palatoglossus
soft palate --> tongue root (no bony attachments) seals OI (back of oral cavity) by elevating tongue and depressing soft palate if shorten = pulls soft tissues together
32
describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - styloglossus
styloid process --> tongue root/body (blends in with body) elevation and retraction of tongue -- solid anchor, tongue moves towards it - shortens complete arch - left and right sides
33
what are the 3 salivary glands innervated by - gen
Primality psns innervation
34
describe function of salivary glands
Produces saliva to protect and lubricate oral cavity prepare food bolus predigestive enzymes (amylases - for starches), starts digestive process
35
describe parotid salivary gland - gen
largest, most diffuse no sharp boundaries overlying masseter near ear
36
describe parotid salivary gland - innervation
cn IX glossopharyngeal psns
37
describe parotid salivary gland - parotid duct
drains via parotid duct into oral cavity wraps around masseter and pierces buccinator (lateral wall of oral cavity) and drains into oral cavity opposite 2nd maxillary molar by parotid papilla = opening
38
describe submandibular salivary gland - gen
beneath = inf to mandible medial to mandible body bites mylohyoid (straddles it)
39
describe submandibular salivary gland - drainage
duct below tongue @ caruncle (posterior- lower incisor by long tube) gleeking = long submandibular duct
40
describe submandibular salivary gland - innervation
psns cnVII facial
41
describe sublingual salivary gland - gen
Inferior to below tongue drains through its own row of openings - whole length of tooth row, lateral to caruncle and submandibular duct
42
describe sublingual salivary gland - innervation
psns cnVII facial
43
name all nerves that innervate tongue
lingual n cnv3 chorda tympani cnvii glossopharyngeal cnIX vagus cnX hypoglossal n cnXII
44
describe hypoglossal cnXII - innervation of tongue
motor innervation to all tongue muscles EXCEPT palatoglossus extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
45
describe lingual cnV3 - innervation of tongue
general sensory innervation to ant 2/3 tongue
46
describe chorda tympani cnVII - innervation of tongue
special sensory innervation to ant 2/3 of tongue psns to sublingual and submandibular salivary glands (joins, hitchhikes on lingual)
47
describe glossopharyngeal cnIX - innervation of tongue
general and special sensory to post 1/3 of tongue psns to parotid salivary gland
48
describe vagus cnX - innervation of tongue
palatoglossus muscles (tongue to soft palate)
49
describe overview of motor innervation of tongue
hypoglossal cn XII and vagus cnX (palatoglossus only)
50
describe overview of sensory innervation of tongue
no sharp boundaries all overlap lingual and glossopharyngeal = overlap
51
describe overview of special sensory innervation of tongue
chorda tymapni cnVII glossopharyngeal cnXI and vagus cnX taste from vagus - small
52
describe vasculature of tongue - gen
blood supply primarily from lingual a (ECA) branches supply tongue, floor of oral cavity, inferior mucosa (gums) main blood supply
53
describe vasculature of tongue - arteries and veins
dorsal lingual v runs with a deep lingual v (w cnXII (hypoglossal)), deep close to nerve internal jugular v = veins usually run with arteries but NOT THIS ONE EXCEPTION
54
describe vasculature of tongue - venous drainage pathway
VIA DEEP lingual v (visible on inf aspect tongue and dorsal lingual v (runs with lingual a) both drain into jugular vein
55
describe hard palate specifically
Maxillary teeth bones = maxilla (palatine process) and palatine (horizontal plates, post 1/4th)
56
describe soft palate specifically
posterior part that is moveable uvula
57
describe incisive foramen
Combined left and right incisive canals (covered by mucosa) canal = tunnel from nasal to oral cavity, 2 - one on each side, makes up foramen
58
describe greater and lesser palatine foramina
bring important neurovascular structures into mouth
59
describe importance of soft palate - gen
separates compartments makes sure things go in right place Structures = epiglottis and soft palate - located between compartments and allow us to control movement of food and air between eso and trachea
60
describe importance of soft palate - regular
relaxed soft palate (semi open, neutral) allows air to reach trachea, through nose and mouth air can enter through
61
describe importance of soft palate - with food
depressed soft palate (oral cavity sealed) allows breathing while chewing can still breathe contract palatoglossus and styloglossus and back of tongue pulls it down - seals so mouth can chew food
62
describe importance of soft palate - swallow
elevated soft palate (OI open) allows food to pass through esophagus and seals off nasal cavities epiglottis and hyoid - seals off trachea Quickly to seal off nasal cavity - so food will not go through
63
name muscles of soft palate
levator veli palatini palatopharyngeus tensor veli palatini
64
describe levator veli palatini - muscles of soft palate
elevates posterior soft palate innervation = cnX
65
describe palatopharyngeus -muscles of soft palate
elevates pharynx, brings everything together uvula helps seal off part of gap - creates better seal closes isthmus innervation = cnX
66
describe levator veli palatini - muscles of soft palate
tenses soft palate flattens arch and seals naso from oropharynx innervation= cnV3 loops around hook of sphenoid and changes direction so tvp can hook around and contribute to soft palate and lvp = pull up
67
what are arches of soft palate
covered by oral mucosa arch - reflects muscle hiding behind mucosa
68
name arches of soft palate
palatoglossal arch palatopharyngeal arch
69
describe palatoglossal arch of soft palate
Created by palatoglossus muscle covered by oral mucosa meets other side in soft palate
70
describe palatopharyngeal arch of soft palate
behind palatoglossal arch crated by palatopharyngeus muscle covered by oral mucosa seals OI
71
describe palatine tonsil of soft palate
Between the 2 arches lymphoid tissue with immune functions when swollen = easily visible
72
describe neurovascular contribution from nasal cavity --> oral cavity
sphenopalatine a (septal branches, back half nasal, runs along septum) nasopalatine n (v2 maxillary) ENTERS via ORAL CAVITY via incisive foramen enter front oral and provides anterior portion of hard palate and gums
73
describe general sensory innervation to palates - gen
greater and lesser palatine nerves from v2 maxillary greater = into anterior hard palate lesser into posterior hard and soft palate
74
describe general sensory innervation to palates - pathway of travel
in wall of nasal cavity = canal= travels in greater palatine canal enters via greater and lesser palatine foramina
75
where do greater palatine n and a go through
greater palatine foramen same for lesser, respectively
76
describe arterial supply of oral cavity
Descending palatine a in greater palatine (descending palatine) canal - FROM maxillary a splits into lesser (post) and greater (ant) palatine arteries Anastomose with sphenopalatine artery ends at 2 holes = greater (ant) and lesser (posterior) palatine foramina
77
what parts of mouth share innervation and which parts do not
roof of oral cavity, oral mucosa and bone BUT NOT TEETH = innervated by something else

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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