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ANAT 214 > Oral Cavity, Palates and Salivation > Flashcards

Oral Cavity, Palates and Salivation Flashcards

1
Q

describe nasal and oral cavities

A

nasal cavity freely communicated with oral cavity at back
nasopharynx (opening for auditory tube) –> oropharynx (bounded by soft palate and epiglottis) –> laryngopharynx

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2
Q

describe oral cavity - gen

A

open at anterior and posterior ends - both
lined with mucosa except tooth crowns
walls are mostly soft tissues

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3
Q

what makes up roof of oral cavity

A

hard and soft palates
roof of oral is floor of nasal
maxilla and palatine

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4
Q

what makes up lateral wall of oral cavity

A

buccinator (trumpeter - expels air from mouth when blow trumpet)

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5
Q

what makes up anterior wall of oral cavity

A

lips (beyond teeth)
especially orbicularis oris (puckers lips, O formation)

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6
Q

what makes up floor of oral cavity

A

hyoid muscles - mylohyoid and geniohyoid (deeper, closer to tongue)

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7
Q

what is the oropharyngeal isthmus

A

OI
posterior opening to oropharynx
Opening at back of mouth between soft palate (sup) and epiglottis (inf)

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8
Q

what are the front and sides (lateral and anterior wall) of oral cavity made out of

A

soft tissues and muscles of facial expression

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9
Q

name muscles of facial expression

A

buccinator and orbicularis oris

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10
Q

describe hyoid bone - attachments

A

point of attachment for muscles that contribute to floor of mouth, bone to bone
does not actually contribute to floor of mouth tho

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11
Q

what does thyroid cartilage create

A

thyroid cartilage - adams apple = laryngeal prominence

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12
Q

describe hyoid bone - suprahyoid muscles

A

suprahyoid muscles –> at level of cervical vertebrae (3, stretch between hyoid bone and mandible = muscles that contribute to floor of oral cavity)

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13
Q

describe hyoid bone - anatomically

A

lesser horns = point where muscles attach
greater horn = posteriorly
horshoe shapes - above adams apple

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14
Q

describe mylohyoid - gen

A

hyoid –> rim around mandible

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15
Q

describe mylohyoid - innervation

A

V3, nerve to mylohyoid (motor to muscles of mastication)
rim around mandible and stretches posteriorly to body of hyoid

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16
Q

describe geniohyoid - gen

A

hyoid to anterior base of mandible (chin)
cupped inside mylohyoid, chin to insertion on cheek
on inside

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17
Q

describe geniohyoid - innervation

A

c1

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18
Q

compare geniohyoid and mylohyoid - fibers

A

mylohyoid fibers = side to side
geniohyoid fibers = front to back (post to ant)
perpendicular

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19
Q

what do geniohyoid and mylohyoid do

A

elevate and bring forward the hyoid and tongue complex during swallowing (with mandible fixed)

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20
Q

can you see geniohyoid from anterior/inferior view

A

nuh uhnnnnnn
only see belly of digastric

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21
Q

describe tongue general structure

A

occupies most of oral cavity
body
root = anchored to hyoid bone and mandible

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22
Q

what is terminal suculus of tongue

A

groove
Towards posterior of tongue

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23
Q

what is diff about post 1/3 of tongue

A

different set of papillae (taste buds)

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24
Q

what is lingual septum

A

fibrous and symmetrical left and right divider

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25
Q

describe intrinsic muscles of tongue

A

organized into = longitudinal (length of tongue), transverse (side to side), vertical (superior to inf)
oriented along 3 cardinal axis

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26
Q

describe intrinsic muscles of tongue - function

A

fine motor control to move tongue in specifics way
contribute to body of tongue
change shape during speech, mastication, swallowing, part tricks

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27
Q

describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - gen

A

root of tongue
fine movements of tongue
move around oral cavity too
symmetric - on left and right

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28
Q

name extrinsic muscles of tongue - gen

A

hypoglossus
genioglossus
palatoglossus
styloglossus

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29
Q

describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - hypoglossus

A

hyoid –> tongue root
rhombus shaped
bilateral = depression (inf) and retraction (post) of tongue
unilateral = flips tongue (recruit one side)
if shorten = move towards hyoid bone

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30
Q

describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - genioglossus

A

mandible and hyoid –> tongue root (base - large portion of root of tongue)
tongue protrusion (stick out)
if shorten = protracts, moves towards chin anteriorly

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31
Q

describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - palatoglossus

A

soft palate –> tongue root (no bony attachments)
seals OI (back of oral cavity) by elevating tongue and depressing soft palate
if shorten = pulls soft tissues together

32
Q

describe extrinsic muscles of tongue - styloglossus

A

styloid process –> tongue root/body (blends in with body)
elevation and retraction of tongue – solid anchor, tongue moves towards it - shortens
complete arch - left and right sides

33
Q

what are the 3 salivary glands innervated by - gen

A

Primality psns innervation

34
Q

describe function of salivary glands

A

Produces saliva to protect and lubricate oral cavity
prepare food bolus
predigestive enzymes (amylases - for starches), starts digestive process

35
Q

describe parotid salivary gland - gen

A

largest, most diffuse
no sharp boundaries
overlying masseter
near ear

36
Q

describe parotid salivary gland - innervation

A

cn IX glossopharyngeal
psns

37
Q

describe parotid salivary gland - parotid duct

A

drains via parotid duct into oral cavity
wraps around masseter and pierces buccinator (lateral wall of oral cavity) and drains into oral cavity opposite 2nd maxillary molar
by parotid papilla = opening

38
Q

describe submandibular salivary gland - gen

A

beneath = inf to mandible
medial to mandible body
bites mylohyoid (straddles it)

39
Q

describe submandibular salivary gland - drainage

A

duct below tongue @ caruncle (posterior- lower incisor by long tube)
gleeking = long submandibular duct

40
Q

describe submandibular salivary gland - innervation

A

psns
cnVII facial

41
Q

describe sublingual salivary gland - gen

A

Inferior to below tongue
drains through its own row of openings - whole length of tooth row, lateral to caruncle and submandibular duct

42
Q

describe sublingual salivary gland - innervation

A

psns
cnVII facial

43
Q

name all nerves that innervate tongue

A

lingual n cnv3
chorda tympani cnvii
glossopharyngeal cnIX
vagus cnX
hypoglossal n cnXII

44
Q

describe hypoglossal cnXII - innervation of tongue

A

motor innervation to all tongue muscles EXCEPT palatoglossus
extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

45
Q

describe lingual cnV3 - innervation of tongue

A

general sensory innervation to ant 2/3 tongue

46
Q

describe chorda tympani cnVII - innervation of tongue

A

special sensory innervation to ant 2/3 of tongue
psns to sublingual and submandibular salivary glands (joins, hitchhikes on lingual)

47
Q

describe glossopharyngeal cnIX - innervation of tongue

A

general and special sensory to post 1/3 of tongue
psns to parotid salivary gland

48
Q

describe vagus cnX - innervation of tongue

A

palatoglossus muscles (tongue to soft palate)

49
Q

describe overview of motor innervation of tongue

A

hypoglossal cn XII and vagus cnX (palatoglossus only)

50
Q

describe overview of sensory innervation of tongue

A

no sharp boundaries all overlap
lingual and glossopharyngeal = overlap

51
Q

describe overview of special sensory innervation of tongue

A

chorda tymapni cnVII
glossopharyngeal cnXI and vagus cnX
taste from vagus - small

52
Q

describe vasculature of tongue - gen

A

blood supply primarily from lingual a (ECA)
branches supply tongue, floor of oral cavity, inferior mucosa (gums)
main blood supply

53
Q

describe vasculature of tongue - arteries and veins

A

dorsal lingual v runs with a
deep lingual v (w cnXII (hypoglossal)), deep close to nerve
internal jugular v = veins usually run with arteries but NOT THIS ONE EXCEPTION

54
Q

describe vasculature of tongue - venous drainage pathway

A

VIA DEEP lingual v (visible on inf aspect tongue and dorsal lingual v (runs with lingual a)
both drain into jugular vein

55
Q

describe hard palate specifically

A

Maxillary teeth
bones = maxilla (palatine process) and palatine (horizontal plates, post 1/4th)

56
Q

describe soft palate specifically

A

posterior
part that is moveable
uvula

57
Q

describe incisive foramen

A

Combined left and right incisive canals (covered by mucosa)
canal = tunnel from nasal to oral cavity, 2 - one on each side, makes up foramen

58
Q

describe greater and lesser palatine foramina

A

bring important neurovascular structures into mouth

59
Q

describe importance of soft palate - gen

A

separates compartments makes sure things go in right place
Structures = epiglottis and soft palate - located between compartments and allow us to control movement of food and air between eso and trachea

60
Q

describe importance of soft palate - regular

A

relaxed soft palate (semi open, neutral) allows air to reach trachea, through nose and mouth
air can enter through

61
Q

describe importance of soft palate - with food

A

depressed soft palate (oral cavity sealed) allows breathing while chewing
can still breathe
contract palatoglossus and styloglossus and back of tongue
pulls it down - seals so mouth can chew food

62
Q

describe importance of soft palate - swallow

A

elevated soft palate (OI open) allows food to pass through esophagus and seals off nasal cavities
epiglottis and hyoid - seals off trachea
Quickly to seal off nasal cavity - so food will not go through

63
Q

name muscles of soft palate

A

levator veli palatini
palatopharyngeus
tensor veli palatini

64
Q

describe levator veli palatini - muscles of soft palate

A

elevates posterior soft palate
innervation = cnX

65
Q

describe palatopharyngeus -muscles of soft palate

A

elevates pharynx, brings everything together
uvula helps seal off part of gap - creates better seal
closes isthmus
innervation = cnX

66
Q

describe levator veli palatini - muscles of soft palate

A

tenses soft palate
flattens arch and seals naso from oropharynx
innervation= cnV3
loops around hook of sphenoid and changes direction so tvp can hook around and contribute to soft palate and lvp = pull up

67
Q

what are arches of soft palate

A

covered by oral mucosa
arch - reflects muscle hiding behind mucosa

68
Q

name arches of soft palate

A

palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch

69
Q

describe palatoglossal arch of soft palate

A

Created by palatoglossus muscle covered by oral mucosa
meets other side in soft palate

70
Q

describe palatopharyngeal arch of soft palate

A

behind palatoglossal arch
crated by palatopharyngeus muscle covered by oral mucosa
seals OI

71
Q

describe palatine tonsil of soft palate

A

Between the 2 arches
lymphoid tissue with immune functions
when swollen = easily visible

72
Q

describe neurovascular contribution from nasal cavity –> oral cavity

A

sphenopalatine a (septal branches, back half nasal, runs along septum)
nasopalatine n (v2 maxillary)
ENTERS via ORAL CAVITY via incisive foramen
enter front oral and provides anterior portion of hard palate and gums

73
Q

describe general sensory innervation to palates - gen

A

greater and lesser palatine nerves from v2 maxillary
greater = into anterior hard palate
lesser into posterior hard and soft palate

74
Q

describe general sensory innervation to palates - pathway of travel

A

in wall of nasal cavity = canal= travels in greater palatine canal
enters via greater and lesser palatine foramina

75
Q

where do greater palatine n and a go through

A

greater palatine foramen
same for lesser, respectively

76
Q

describe arterial supply of oral cavity

A

Descending palatine a in greater palatine (descending palatine) canal - FROM maxillary a
splits into lesser (post) and greater (ant) palatine arteries
Anastomose with sphenopalatine artery
ends at 2 holes = greater (ant) and lesser (posterior) palatine foramina

77
Q

what parts of mouth share innervation and which parts do not

A

roof of oral cavity, oral mucosa and bone
BUT NOT TEETH = innervated by something else

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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