Lab 5: Pharynx, Larynx and Neck

Question 1

describe hyoid bone - pharynx and larynx

Answer 1

lesser horn
greater horn
body

Question 2

describe thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages- pharynx and larynx

Answer 2

tip of thyroid cartilage = adams apple

Question 3

describe thyrohyoid, cricothyroid membranes- pharynx and larynx

Answer 3

cricothyroid ligament sits between thyrohyoid and cricothyroid membranes
cricothyroid = ring

Question 4

describe vocal cords - pharynx and larynx

Answer 4

Vestibular = false vocal cords
vocal = true vocal cords

Question 5

describe epiglottis- pharynx and larynx

Answer 5

epiglottis - closes trachea

Question 6

name muscles of pharynx - types

Answer 6

Constrictors
longitudinal muscles

Question 7

describe muscles of pharynx - constrictors

Answer 7

superior - SC = mandible
+ sphenoid
middle - MC = hyoid
inferior - IC = approx larynx

Question 8

describe muscles of pharynx - longitudinal

Answer 8

palatopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
Longitudinal muscles - shorten and widen ahead of bolus

Question 9

describe nerves of pharynx

Answer 9

glossopharyngeal
vagus nerve
sympathetic chain/trunk
superior cervical ganglion

Question 10

describe vasculature of pharynx

Answer 10

common carotid and bifurc into internal and external carotids
internal jugular vein

Question 11

what does vagus innervate - pharynx

Answer 11

all muscles except sp = stylopharyngeus (innervated by glossopharyngeal)

Question 12

describe innervation of muscles of soft palate

Answer 12

levator veli palatini = vagus *pp
tensor veli palatini = v3

Question 13

describe innervation of structures of larynx

Answer 13

muscles that move true vocal cords innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve (from vagus)
EXCEPT for cricothyroid = innervated by external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (also from vagus)

Question 14

describe posterior cricoarytenoid muscle - larynx

Answer 14

open abduct vocal folds
forced inspiration
seen clearly
Antagonistic - to lateral muscle

Question 15

describe lateral cricoarytenoid muscle - larynx

Answer 15

forced expiration
narrow, adduct
Antagonistic - to posterior muscle

Question 16

describe oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles - larynx

Answer 16

translate, adduct, bring closer together
narrows rima
attached to vocal ligament
phonation
synergists - work together
superior border vocal ligament, opposite cricothyroid pulls arytenoids closer to thyroid = slackens = lowers pitch

Question 17

describe thyroarytenoid muscle - larynx

Answer 17

cannot see in lab

Question 18

describe posterior cricothyroid muscles - larynx

Answer 18

rocks thyroid forward
Increases tension of ligament - increases PITCH

Question 19

describe quadrangular membrane - larynx

Answer 19

it is there

Question 20

describe vocal folds and structures - larynx

Answer 20

between 2 diff folds= laryngeal ventricle
rima = between the 2 vocal folds

Question 21

describe innervation of larynx muscles

Answer 21

vagus branches into superior laryngeal nerve (motor to cricothyroid, above) and left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves (motor to everything else, below)

Question 22

name suprahyoid muscles

Answer 22

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
anterior and posterior bellies of digastric
stylohyoid

Question 23

name infrahyoid muscles

Answer 23

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

Question 24

describe mylohyoid - suprahyoid muscle

Answer 24

rim around mandible = mylohyoid nerve
innervation = v3

Question 25

describe geniohyoid - suprahyoid muscle

Answer 25

superior to mylohyoid
innervation = c1

Question 26

describe digastric - suprahyoid muscle

Answer 26

anterior belly = attaches mastoid process –> chin, innervation = v3
Posterior belly= loops around and back to mastoid, next to stylohyoid, innervation = cnVII facial

Question 27

describe stylohyoid - suprahyoid muscle

Answer 27

same direction as posterior digastric - on top
innervation= cnVII facial

Question 28

describe omohyoid - infrahyoid muscle

Answer 28

Superior and inferior bellies
hyoid–>subscapular fossa
long and 2 bellies

Question 29

describe sternohyoid - infrahyoid muscle

Answer 29

whole length of neck
to post/sup aspect sternum

Question 30

describe sternothyroid - infrahyoid muscle

Answer 30

span same as sternohyoid - splits at level of thyroid tho

Question 31

describe thyrothyoid - infrahyoid muscle

Answer 31

span same as sternohyoid - splits at level of thyroid tho
higher

Question 32

describe neurovascular structures in neck - common carotids

Answer 32

external branches - more inferior since goes to face
internal branches

Question 33

describe neurovascular structures in neck - branches of ECA

Answer 33

superior thryoid a - 1st branch eca
lingual a
facial a

Question 34

describe neurovascular structures in neck - jugular veins

Answer 34

internal - deep to sternocleidomastoid
external

Question 35

describe neurovascular structures in neck - nerves

Answer 35

vagus nerve - cnX
Superior laryngeal nerve
hypoglossal nerve = cnXII

Question 36

name the triangles of the neck

Answer 36

posterior and anterior

Question 37

describe borders of posterior triangle of neck

Answer 37

Trapezius = post of triangle
sternocleidomastoid
clavicle = inf of triangle

Question 38

describe structures of posterior triangle of neck

Answer 38

scalene muscles
brachial plexus
spinal accessory nerves
cervical plexus
roots of c2-c4

Question 39

describe borders of anterior triangle of neck

Answer 39

sternoleidomastoid
sagittal midlines
mandible (inf) = sup of triangle

Question 40

name sub triangles of anterior triangle of neck

Answer 40

1 - submental
2 - muscular (infra and supra hyoid muscles)
3 - carotid
4 - submandibular

Question 41

describe borders of carotid triangle

Answer 41

sup = post digastric
post =sternocleidomastoid
ant =omohyoid

Question 42

describe vascular structures of carotid triangle

Answer 42

ECA branches – superior thyroid a (1st branch, runs with superior laryngeal n), lingual a, facial a
ICA
internal jugular
carotid body - brain ph, blood pressure, chemoreceptors

Question 43

describe nerve structures of carotid triangle

Answer 43

vagus
hypoglossal
glossopharyngeal
superior cervical ganglion

Question 44

what always runs together - anterior triangle of neck

Answer 44

ECA, internal jug and vagus

Question 45

describe borders of submandibular triangle

Answer 45

sup = mandible
post =post digastric
ant =ant digastric

Question 46

describe structures of submandibular triangle

Answer 46

facial artery
lingual artery
hypoglossal nerve
submandibular gland + lymph nodes

Question 47

are left and right recurrent nerves symmetrical

Answer 47

NUH UHNNNN
left loops under aorta = diff length from right nerve

Question 48

describe infrahyoid muscle innervation

Answer 48

c1 and c3
depresses hyoid or resists elevation
return to position after swallow