Lab 11: Sex Specific Anatomy Flashcards
Describe embryology of testes
Testes descend through inguinal canal
Describe pathway of sperm kinda
Seminiferous tubules —> straight tubule —> rete testes —> efferent ductules —> epididymis —> tail continuous with vas deferens
Describe testes
Produces sperm
Double layer peritonuem, in front = tunica albuginea
What produces sperm
Seminiferous tubules inside testes —> rete testes —> efferent tubule
Describe epididymis
Maturation of spermatozoa and storage
Head = enlarged, collects from efferent tubule, body and tail
Posterior, sensitive
Describe vas deferens
Transports sperm from epididymis at the inferior pole of testis into pelvis at ejaculation
Passes through inguinal canal
Muscular
Describe vas deferens - to ejac duct
Ejac duct = retroperitoneal, tail, epididymis becomes vas deferens = loops laterally to inf epigastric, and posterior behind bladder
Describe ampulla of vas deferens
Dilation of tube prior to entry into prostate
Joins seminal vesicles, enlargement
Located posterior to bladder = forms ejaculatory duct
Describe how vas deferens suspended
Suspended between inferior epigastric vessels and ureters then meet urinary tract
Describe seminal vesicles
Posterior to bladder, produces most of the fluid that constitutes semen released at ejaculation
Lateral to ampulla
Fluid rich in fructose
Joins vas deferens
Describe prostate
Inferior to bladder
Produces additional comments of Semen, released at ejacualtion
Fluid is alkaline to neutralize acidity of vaginal tract
What happens inside prostate
Surrounds urethra
Also where urinary and repro tracts meet up
Describe ejaculatory ducts
Convergence of seminal vesicle ducts and vas deferens, to urethra,prostatic urethra, = where ejaculatory duct empties into
Describe bulbourethral glands
In deep perineal pouch
Superior to perineal membrane
Produces fluid that neutralizes acidity and luricates urethra
Mucous gland, pre ejaculatory fluid
Paired, ducts go trough membrane and empties at root of penis
Where does spermatic cord pass through
Inguinal canal
Describe scrotum
Skin and muscle (analogous to labia majora)
Temp control
Muscle = tunica darts
Pampiniform plexus = venous drainage
Describe erection
Pelvic splanchnic s2-s4
Relax deep perineum = corpus cavernosum enlarges = contracts skeletal muscles = bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus = force blood into distal penis and compress deep dorsal vein against bucks fascia = blood stays in penis
Describe erectile tissue of penis
Corpus spongiosum =1, anchored to perineal membrane
Corpora cavernosa = 2, in bucks fascia
Describe bulb of penis
Corpus spongiosum
Proximal parts of tissue
Describe crura of penis
Attached to inferior pubic rami
Corpus cavernosum
Describe body of penis
More distal
All corpora (cavernosa and spongiosum)
Describe glans
Expand corpus spong over distal end corpus cav
DESCRIBE FASCia of penis
Deep fascia= bucks fascia
Maintains erection = compresses deep dorsal vein
Describe bulbospongiosus in amab
Covers bulb = distal part, spongiosum
Describe ischiocavernosus in amab
Covers crura, corpus cavernosa, inf pubic rami —> ischial tuberosity
What is function of ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus in amab
Push sperm, body of perineum and perineal membrane, move blood proximal to distal
Descibe vasculature of penis
Front = internal pudendal artery
Dorsal artery on top
Deep penile artery in corpus cavernosum
Deep dorsal vein
Artery of bulb = in corpus spong, visible, deep penile artery
Describe urethra of amab
Except for first part - preprostatic and proximal portion of second part (prostatic) (where ejaculatory ducts drain into prostate)
Urethra serves as shared tract for Urine and semen, runs through corpus spong only
Name parts of urethra in amab
Preprostatic - internal urethral sphincter prevents retrograde ejaculation
Prostatic
Memebranous
Spongy (penile)
Describe rectovesical pouch
Peritoneum extends into pelvic region = drapes over viscera
Lowest part of perineal cavity
DESCRIBE organization of pelvic viscera amab
Rectum = posterior
Bladder = ant
Prostate inferior to bladder
What in deep perineal pouch amab
Memebranous urethra and bulbourethral glands
Describe inguinal hernia gen
Tissue pierces through abd wall
Describe inguinal canal
Medial = rectus abdominus
Lateral = inferior epigastric artery
Inferior = inguinal ligament (asis to pubic tubercle)
Describe direct inguinal hernia
Abd vsicera through inguinal triangle
Compresses spermatic cord
Describe indirect inguinal hernia
Through deep inguinal ring = bowl strangulation = compressed so very bad
Repro fine tho
What passes through inguinal canal in males
Spermatic cord - contains vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus
What passes through inguinal canal in females
Round ligament connects uterus to labia majora
Describe vagina
Muscular, Rugae, elongate during arousal
External opening = vestibule
Anterior, posterior and lateral - 2 fornixes around cervix of uterus
Describe vault of vagina
Enlargement of canal
Cervix protrudes into vault = forms fornix
Describe cervix of uterus
Uterine isthmus leads to cervix
Internal os (cont with uterine cavity and canal) and external os (cervical canal to vagina)
Cervical canal - sphincter= contracted during pregnancy
Desribe uterus
Usually positioned between bladder and rectum
Muscular, for implantation and dev of embryo
Uterine cavity
Fundus, body and isthmus - narrowing
Describe uterine tubes
Ampulla = wider for fertilization
Infundibulum = end, opens into peritoneum
Frimbriae = catches egg
Uterine ostium
Describe ligament of ovary
Inf ovary to up uterus
Describe suspensory ligament of ovary
Sup pole ovary to abd wall
Describe ovary
Attached to uterus via ligament of ovary
Sup = intra, inf = retro
Oogenesis
Released near opening of fallopian tube
Describe round ligament
Anchors front of uterus anteriorly through inguinal canal and terminates in labia majora
Describe external female genitalia
Collectively known as vulva
Describe Labia majora
Most external
Skin
Fatty folds
Meets anterior and forms mons pubis
Describe labia Minora
Inside labia majora, hairless, delicate
Describe erectile tissue of external genitalia afab
2 corpus cavernosa
2 bulb of vestibule = anchored perineal membrane, makes glans, over distal end corpus cav
Describe ischiocavernosus muscle females
Cover crura
Inf pubic rami to ischial tuberosity
Brings blood to distal part
Describe bulbospongiosus muscle afab
Covers bulb of vestibule
Anchored to perineal body and membrane
Describe urethra afab
Shorter
External urethral orifice
Describe ligaments of cervix
Transverse = cervix —> lateral pelvic wall
Pubocervical = pubic bone —> cervix
Uterosacral = cervix to sacrum
Describe somatic innervation
Pudendal nerve
What is inside vestibule in afab
Near bulb of vestibule =
Greater vestibular galnds = on perineal membrane, post to bulb of vestibule *NOT IN DEEP PERINEAL POUCH
Paraurethral galnds = ducts open into vestibule
Describe broad ligament
Ligament covering uterus, ovaries and fallopian tube
Peritoneum
What contributes to broad ligament
Mesosalpinx = ensheath uterine tube
Mesovarium = ensheath and suspend ovary
Mesometrium = from uterine body to lateral pelvic wall, on top, in front
Describe vesico uterine pouch
Between bladder and ureters
Describe recto uterine pouch
Like recto vesical pouch in males
= lowest part
What is vestibule in afab
Space between 2 labia minora
Has openings
Describe clitoris
2 crura attach to inf pubic rami
Comes together and forms body of clitoris
