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ANAT 214 > Mastication > Flashcards

Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

describe skeletal components of chewing apparatus - main

A

mandible - bottom
maxilla - top
temporal bone = where mandible sits and articulates with cranium

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2
Q

describe skeletal components of chewing apparatus - chewing muscle attachments

A

other bones that serve as sites of chewing muscle attachment = zygomatic, parietal and sphenoid

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3
Q

what is ramus of mandible

A

branch
root part of mandible
Articulates with skul

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4
Q

what is angle of mandible

A

where ramus becomes corpus

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5
Q

what is mental foramen of mandible

A

hole on body

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6
Q

what is chin of mandible

A

mental protuberance

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7
Q

what is coronoid process of mandible

A

site of muscle attachment

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8
Q

what is mandibular notch of mandible

A

notch between head and coronoid process

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9
Q

what is condyle of mandible

A

head
Important for chewing
joint head, knuckle shaped, elliptical surface for mandible

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10
Q

what is mandibular foramen of mandible

A

nerves and structures enter here and run across mandible (corpus) and comes out a hole

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11
Q

describe tmj - gen

A

Mandible articulates with temporal at tmj

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12
Q

what is articular tubercle - tmj

A

Ridge
sits just anteriorly, stopper

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13
Q

what does mandibular fossa of temporal bone do

A

mandibular fossa of temporal bone = accommodates head of mandible

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14
Q

what is articular disk - tmj

A

fibrocartilage
chunk - sits between temporal and mandible
helps with gliding, matching surfaces
also allows some movement

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15
Q

what is lateral ligament - tmj

A

reinforce joints with ligaments = increase stability, prevent dislocation, runs from zygomatic process of temporal to neck

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16
Q

describe joint - tmj

A

modified synovial hinge joint = primarily a hinge - opens and closes

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17
Q

name what motions does tmj do

A

protraction
retraction
depression
elevation
side to side - minimal

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18
Q

describe protraction - tmj

A

anterior translation of mandible

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19
Q

describe retraction - tmj

A

posterior translation of mandible

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20
Q

describe depression - tmj

A

abduction
inferior rotation around transverse axis = opening mouth (increase angle between top and bottom)

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21
Q

describe elevation - tmj

A

adduction
Superior rotation around transverse axis= closing mouth

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22
Q

describe main vs minimal movements of tmj

A

minimal = side to side translation motion
main = protraction, retraction. Depression, elevation * mostly linear movement

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23
Q

how do we only chew on one side

A

motion of retraction and protraction essential for aligning teeth

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24
Q

describe tmj/motions during depression of mandible

A

head glides anteriorly over articular tubercle
head moves within joint and rests on tubercle (abducted and protracted)

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25
Q

describe temporal fossa

A

superior to zygomatic arch
with floor formed by bones that contribute to pterion = frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid

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26
Q

describe infratemporal fossa - gen

A

deep to zygomatic arch and mandibular ramus
inferior to temporal

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27
Q

describe infratemporal fossa - bony boundaries

A

mandibular ramus = lateral
Sphenoid = superior and medial (a bit)
maxilla = anterior
Temporal = posterior
NO FLOOR THOOOO

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28
Q

describe infratemporal fossa - occupied by what

A

muscles of mastication and neurovascular structures

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29
Q

name muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
medial and lateral pterygoids

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30
Q

describe temporalis - muscles of mastication - gen

A

from temporal fossa to coronoid process of mandible
fan shaped muscle -attached to all of temporal fossa
all fibers converge on coronoid process of mandible

31
Q

describe temporalis - muscles of mastication - function

A

elevation (anterior fibers) and retraction (posterior fibers) of mandible at tmj

32
Q

describe temporalis - muscles of mastication - shorten anterior fibers

A

bring mandible up
pure adduction –> rotate tmj, bring coronoid process superiorly

33
Q

describe temporalis - muscles of mastication - shorten posterior fibers

A

pulling mandibular head back into mandibular fossa (when mouth open)

34
Q

describe masseter - muscles of mastication - gen

A

from zygomatic arch to lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible (zygomatic arch supports attachment of masseter)

35
Q

describe masseter - muscles of mastication - function

A

elevation and protraction of mandible at tmj
adduction and bring mandible out of socket = open mouth or rotate side to sided -
down to angle of mandible = shorten adduct, only slight protraction

36
Q

describe masseter - muscles of mastication - relationship with parotid

A

parotid pierces buccinator
passes around anterior end of masseter

37
Q

describe medial pterygoid - muscles of mastication - gen

A

from maxilla/palatine (a bit) to medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible = superficial head
medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate to medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible = deep head
heads run side by side and deep head = bigger

38
Q

describe medial pterygoid - muscles of mastication - function

A

elevation of mandible at tmj
masseter and medial pterygoid are mirror images = (oriented same way) on either side of mandibular ramus (runs from ramus to opposite side tmj), creates a v shaped sling for forceful elevation
both muscles = provide very forceful adduction = pulls up mandible

39
Q

describe lateral pterygoid - muscles of mastication - gen

A

from sphenoid greater wing to articular disk and condyle of tmj (to mandibular head)= superior head
from lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate to articular disk and condyle of tmj (to mandibular head) = inferior head

40
Q

describe lateral pterygoid - muscles of mastication - function bilateral

A

mandible protraction
initiation of mouth opening
Shorten = mandible out towards other attachment

41
Q

describe lateral pterygoid - muscles of mastication - function unilateral

A

translate mandible towards opposite side - moves articular head over to articular tubercle (protraction of mandible)
move ipsilateral mandible head medially - chew on one side only (one side only - head goes on to articular tubercle, move ipsilateral mandible head out so can chew on contralateral side)

42
Q

describe features of lateral pterygoid muscle of mastication

A

not involved in chewing - just opens/aligns mouth
lateral to medial pterygoid = more superficial
perpendicular to medial pterygoid (fibers)

43
Q

describe motor innervation of muscles of mastication - gen

A

trigeminal - v3 mandibular nerve = through foramen ovale (right into infratemporal fossa)

44
Q

describe motor innervation of muscles of mastication - branches

A

lateral pterygoid nerve
medial pterygoid nerve
deep temporal nerves
masseteric nerve (must go over mandibular notch to back or deep side of masseter)
buccal nerve - sensory to cheek

45
Q

describe buccal nerve - muscles of mastication

A

big branch of mandibular
inside and outside
Close to buccinator (motor from facial nerve - muscle of facial expression)

46
Q

describe general sensory innervation to skin of mastication - gen

A

general sensory innervation to skin and soft tissues around chewing apparatus from CN V (mainly v2 and v3)

47
Q

describe maxillary teeth

A

inferior view =
incisors, canines, premolars, molars

48
Q

describe mandibular teeth

A

superior view = molars, premolars, canines, incisors

49
Q

describe types of teeth and functions

A

incisors = allows us to bite
canines = pierces and threat (secondary feature)
premolars and molars = chewing surfaces
3rd molar = wisdom teeth

50
Q

describe dental formula for teeth

A

I = 2
C =1
P = 2
M = 3
4 quadrants = 8x4 = 32 teeth in most adults

51
Q

describe teeth roots

A

anchors teeth via roots

52
Q

describe teeth crowns

A

exposed, covered in enamel, hard, helps chew

53
Q

name nerves of teeth

A

lingual
inferior alveolar nerve
mental nerve
Superior alveolar nerve
infraorbital nerve

54
Q

what are teeth sockets called

A

teeth roots = alveoli

55
Q

describe lingual nerve - teeth

A

v3 - sensory and general sensation to gums and ant 2/3 tongue

56
Q

describe inferior alveolar nerve - teeth

A

v3 - enters via mandibular foramen and runs in mandible
innervation of mandibular teeth and gums of lower jaw —> terminal branch = mental nerve
(sensory to lower lips, and chin, exits via mental foramen)

57
Q

describe mental nerve - teeth

A

Sensory to chin
terminal branch of inferior alveolar nerve -v3

58
Q

describe superior alveolar nerves - teeth

A

runs partially in maxillary sinus - sensory innervation to maxillary teeth and gums of upper jaw

59
Q

describe infraorbital nerve - teeth

A

sphenopalatine splits and sends branch to floor of orbit
v2 (foramen rotundum)
onto face
sends branches to sockets (alveolar) and maxillary teeth

60
Q

name ateries/veins of teeth

A

maxillary - branch eca
infraorbital a/v
superior alveolar a/v - another branch
inferior alveolar a/v - run with nerve through mandible
venous plexus

61
Q

what passes through mandibular foramen

A

inferior alveolar nerve, artery and vein

62
Q

describe teeth arteries - pathway

A

eca –> maxillary –>infraorbital and another branch = sup alveolar and another branch = inf alveolar

63
Q

what is venous plexus - for teeth

A

collects all blood - venous from everywhere in head
including surface

64
Q

describe contents of infratemporal fossa

A

pterygoid muscles occupy most of infratemporal fossa (lateral pterygoid more superficial)
major neurovascular structures related to chewing apparatus travel in infratemporal fossa, between pterygoid muscles (deep to lateral but superficial to medial pterygoid)

65
Q

name all components of infratemporal fossa

A

muscular branches of v3
chorda tympani - cnVII
Maxillary artery
inferior alveolar nerve
sphenopalatine artery
infraorbital nerve
descending palatine artery
buccal nerve - v3
lingual nerve - v3

66
Q

describe muscular branches of v3 - IFT

A

go to muscles

67
Q

describe chorda tymapni CNVII - IFT

A

Branch of facial nerve to ant 2/3 of tongue (taste), hitchhikes with lingual

68
Q

describe maxillary artery - IFT

A

traverses infratemporal fossa diagonally (post to ant)
ends in important branches

69
Q

describe inferior alveolar nerve - IFT

A

v3
travels with inferior alveolar a/v

70
Q

describe sphenopalatine artery - IFT

A

runs down septum and down incisive canal - back into anterior hard palate

71
Q

describe infraorbital artery - IFT

A

enters orbit through infraorbital fissure

72
Q

describe descending palatine artery - IFT

A

down into groove (tunnel)= greater and lesser palatine arteries = blood to hard and soft palate

73
Q

describe buccal nerve - IFT

A

Sensory - v3

74
Q

describe lingual nerve - IFT

A

to tongue

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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